Passage
Romans 1
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Glossary Term
Apostle
Established loanword; conveys a directly commissioned, authoritative sent-one.
ROM.1.1
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Doctrine
Apostleship
Established loanword with low syncretism risk; comparatively straightforward in Filipino Christian usage.
ROM.1.1
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Glossary Term
Calling
Noun form for the act/state of being called; standard term.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Doctrine
Christian Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ; minimal doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
A relational, binding bond initiated by God; established term (as in Bagong Tipan, New Testament).
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
David
Established Filipino Bible proper-name form.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires OT background teaching; no significant competing folk concept.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
Already affirmed in Filipino Catholic catechesis; risk is devotional dilution through disproportionate attention to Mary or particular saints rather than outright denial.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's personal call should be distinguished from swerte/kapalaran (luck/fate), a common folk-fatalistic framing.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Glossary Term
Exhort
Context-sensitive: use makiusap for entreaty and pasiglahin for building up in encouragement.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Faith
Personal trust in Christ; well-established term with comparatively low ambiguity risk.
ROM.1.17
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Glossary Term
Faith
Object of faith must always be specified as Christ; standard, well-established term.
ROM.1.17
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Glossary Term
Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ, deeper than ordinary social camaraderie.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Linear, one-time historical fulfillment (OT to NT); comparatively low syncretism risk in this Language Package.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Glory
God's radiant honor and majesty; standard, well-established term.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
God
Diyos (from Spanish Dios) is shared across Catholic and Protestant Filipino usage with well-established, non-ambiguous doctrinal content.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Gospel
Well-established term across Catholic and Protestant usage; comparatively low syncretism risk in this Language Package.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Established Filipino Bible term ('good news').
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Humanity of Christ
Already clearly affirmed in Filipino Catholic catechesis; comparatively low doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
Imputed Righteousness
Righteousness credited by God, not earned.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Incarnation
Risk here is devotional localization: intense attachment to specific miraculous images (the Santo Niño) can shift focus from the historical incarnation to a particular statue's perceived power.
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
Incarnation
The eternal Son taking on human nature, once, in history.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Inspiration of Scripture
God-breathed Scripture should be distinguished from Church tradition and magisterial teaching as separate, equally weighted authorities, a distinction relevant given the Philippines' majority-Catholic theological context.
ROM.1.2
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Glossary Term
Jesus
Jesus is the standard Filipino Protestant Bible spelling (Hesus is the common Catholic-tradition spelling); this Language Package follows the Protestant register used across this pipeline.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Justification
Literally 'being declared without guilt.' Compound phrase required; conveys the forensic, legal-declaration sense the doctrine needs.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Law
Mosaic Law; standard, well-established term with no significant unwanted folk-religious connotation.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Lord
In Romans 10:9 the confession 'Jesus is Lord' = Si Jesus ay Panginoon.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
Romans 10:9's confession is the salvation-defining statement; must not be diluted by devotional attention shared broadly with Mary and the saints.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Messiah
Transliterated term; the unique, exclusively fulfilled OT promise.
ROM.1.3-4
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
Filipino Catholic tradition has no rival messianic figure; the teaching task is connecting Mesiyas back to its OT roots rather than guarding against a competing concept.
ROM.1.3-4
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Glossary Term
Mission
Established loanword; carries some historical association with Spanish colonial-era friar orders, so teaching should keep the focus on proclamation of the gospel by ordinary believers, not an institutional missionary enterprise.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
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Doctrine
Mission to the Nations
Established term with some historical association with Spanish colonial-era friar orders; teaching should keep the focus on proclamation by ordinary believers.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
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Doctrine
Mutual Edification
Building one another up in faith; minimal doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Obedience of Faith
Obedience flowing from faith, not sacramental or ritual compliance performed to secure standing.
ROM.1.5
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Glossary Term
Obedience Of Faith
Romans 1:5 and 16:26.
ROM.1.5
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Glossary Term
Power Of God
God's own personal power to save; never anting-anting, the folk-Catholic amulet tradition (often inscribed with Latin prayers or saints' images) believed to grant supernatural power or protection to its bearer.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Power of God for Salvation
God's own power to save; never anting-anting (folk amulets believed to grant supernatural power or protection).
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
God-inspired declaration; standard, well-established term.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Prophet
God's spokesperson; do not confuse with manghuhula (a fortune-teller), a figure still consulted in some Filipino folk practice.
ROM.1.2
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Glossary Term
Resurrection
Bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection; already clearly affirmed in Filipino Catholic catechesis, giving this term comparatively lower syncretism risk than in this Language Package's other languages.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Resurrection of Christ
Already clearly affirmed in Filipino Catholic catechesis, including the widely observed Easter (Pasko ng Pagkabuhay) tradition; comparatively low doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
Right standing before God received by faith.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
CRITICAL: Mga banal is the same term used for canonized Catholic saints venerated with feast days, images, and novenas.
ROM.1.7
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: Folk-Catholic practice can treat salvation as mechanically secured through receiving the sacraments apart from genuine faith.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: Kaligtasan is the established term, but folk-Catholic practice can treat salvation as mechanically secured through receiving the sacraments (baptism, confession, last rites) apart from genuine faith.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Should not be confused with entering a religious vocation (pagpapari, pagmomonghe) as the primary model of devoted service; biblical separation applies to every believer in ordinary life.
ROM.1.1
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Glossary Term
Sin
Moral transgression against a personal God; well-established term, though should be anchored to relational offense rather than left as a purely sacramental category (something confessed and absolved) apart from genuine repentance and faith.
ROM.1.18
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Glossary Term
Son Of God
Full phrase required.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Sonship of Christ
Eternal, unique Sonship; teaching should keep Christ's Sonship central against competing devotional attention.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Spiritual Gifts
Spirit-given enablements for service, never anting-anting (folk amulets believed to grant supernatural power).
ROM.1.11
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Glossary Term
Spiritual Gifts
Spirit-given enablements for service; never anting-anting (folk-Catholic amulets believed to grant supernatural power or invulnerability).
ROM.1.11
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Doctrine
Thanksgiving
Standard term; minimal doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
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Glossary Term
Thanksgiving
Standard term; no significant doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
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Doctrine
Universal Human Accountability
All humanity stands equally guilty before a personal God; must be retained without exception for those who are especially devout or regularly observant of sacramental practice.
ROM.1.18
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Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
No ethnic, social, or regional (Luzon/Visayas/Mindanao) barrier to the gospel; must retain unqualified universality.
ROM.1.16