Passage

Romans 5

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ; well-established term with comparatively low ambiguity risk.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Object of faith must always be specified as Christ; standard, well-established term.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor must be distinguished from utang na loob, the deeply held Filipino social value of a debt of gratitude requiring repayment.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  Never frame grace as utang na loob, the deeply held Filipino social value of a debt of gratitude that obligates repayment through loyalty and reciprocal favor.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Already clearly affirmed in Filipino Catholic catechesis; comparatively low doctrinal risk.

  ROM.5.15

• Glossary Term

  Peace

  In Romans 5:1, relational peace with God through justification, not merely the absence of conflict.

  ROM.5.1

• Doctrine

  Peace with God

  Relational, covenantal peace secured through justification; comparatively low syncretism risk.

  ROM.5.1