Passage
Romans 11
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Glossary Term
Apostle
Utusan (a directly commissioned, sent-out messenger) is used instead of rasul, which in the surrounding Islamic-majority context refers specifically to the line of major messenger-prophets culminating in Muhammad.
ROM.11.13
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Doctrine
Apostleship
Risk of drifting toward rasul, the Islamic term reserved for the line of messenger-prophets culminating in Muhammad; utusan keeps the sent-one sense without that specific religious freight.
ROM.11.13
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not the impersonal, transferable wahyu believed to legitimize rulers.
ROM.11.29
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Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign personal choice, not wahyu, the impersonal mystical mandate believed to legitimize a Javanese ruler's claim to the throne.
ROM.11.29
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
Non-Jews; established descriptive term for the theological category of other nations.
ROM.11.17-24
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Doctrine
Grace
CRITICAL: Grace as unearned favor cuts against kasekten (earned spiritual potency), wahyu (a conferred mandate), and utang budi (the reciprocal social debt of gratitude Javanese ethics obligates a person to repay).
ROM.11.5-6
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Glossary Term
Grace
CRITICAL: Never use kasekten (spiritual/magical potency attributed to sacred objects or ascetics), wahyu (the mystical mandate-light believed to legitimize a ruler), or utang budi (a reciprocal debt of gratitude that Javanese social ethics obligates a person to repay).
ROM.11.5-6
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Glossary Term
Imputed Righteousness
Righteousness credited by God, not earned.
ROM.11.11
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established form.
ROM.11.17-24
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Glossary Term
Justification
Compound phrase required; no single Javanese word carries the forensic sense of being declared, not made, righteous.
ROM.11.11
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Doctrine
Providence
God's personal, purposive, loving care; never bare pesthi (impersonal predetermined fate) or the passive nrimo ing pandum ethic of simply accepting one's lot.
ROM.11.33-36
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Glossary Term
Providence
God's personal, loving governance; never bare pesthi (impersonal predetermined fate) or the passive fatalistic ethic of nrimo ing pandum (accepting one's lot without expecting a personal, purposive Governor behind it).
ROM.11.33-36
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
Never use kasampurnan (a state of spiritual perfection attained through Javanese mystical ascetic practice).
ROM.11.11
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: Kaslametan is the established, linguistically natural term, but it shares its root with slametan, the ritual meal held to secure protection from misfortune and spirits.
ROM.11.11
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: Kaslametan is the linguistically natural word for salvation (from slamet, safe) and is the term established Javanese Bibles use, but it shares its root with slametan, the communal ritual meal held to ward off misfortune and secure protection from ancestral and territorial spirits.
ROM.11.11
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Challenges any lingering social hierarchy inherited from the traditional Javanese priyayi (aristocratic) and wong cilik (commoner) class distinction; must be rendered with full theological clarity.
ROM.11.17-24