Passage

Romans 2

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Dosa is shared vocabulary across Javanese Muslim and Christian usage, so it must be anchored to moral transgression against a personal God, not left as cemer (ritual impurity or uncleanness).

  ROM.2.6-11

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  All humanity stands equally guilty before a personal God, without exception for spiritually advanced ascetics or wahyu-legitimized rulers.

  ROM.2.6-11