Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Transliterated, established Kannada Christian term.

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Risk of apostleship collapsing into the Lingayat ಜಂಗಮ (wandering teacher) office or a generic guru role recognized for personal spiritual attainment, rather than a commissioned, sent office.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Noun form for the act/state of being called; pair with ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ for the participle.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, not merely social or caste-community association.

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  Established Kannada Christian term for a binding relational bond; ಒಪ್ಪಂದ (a mutual agreement/contract) is too transactional for a divinely-initiated covenant.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Established proper name form.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  Requires OT background explanation; no structural equivalent exists in Haridasa bhakti or Veerashaiva tradition.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: co-equal, undiminished divine nature — not a divinely-elevated human teacher (the closest available Lingayat category, a Sharana who reached Aikya) and not one devotional lord among several chosen personal deities in a Haridasa devotee's practice.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's initiating, sovereign call must be distinguished from the devotee-initiated path of Lingayat spiritual ascent (the shatsthala stages, entered and progressed through by the devotee's own discipline) and from the Haridasa bhakti pattern of a devotee choosing to become a 'dasa' (servant) of a chosen deity.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Context-sensitive: use ವಿನಂತಿ for entreaty; ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ for encouragement/building up.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust placed in Christ specifically; not the devotional surrender (ಭಕ್ತಿ) a Haridasa devotee directs toward Krishna or a Lingayat devotee toward Shiva through the personal ishtalinga.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically; ಭಕ್ತಿ carries the devotional-surrender sense central to both Haridasa Krishna-bhakti and Lingayat devotion to Shiva, neither of which requires the specific, exclusive object of trust that ನಂಬಿಕೆ requires here.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, not mere social friendship (ಸ್ನೇಹ).

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear, one-time historical fulfillment; not the cyclical cosmic time shared by mainstream Hindu yuga cycles, nor the stage-by-stage spiritual ascent of the Lingayat shatsthala path, which is progressive but individual rather than a single shared historical fulfillment for all peoples.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  God's radiant honor; avoid light-only imagery that could merge with devotional divine-light or mystical-illumination associations from the Aikya path.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  CRITICAL: ದೇವರು is the standard Kannada Bible term for God, but avoid ಭಗವಂತ (a broad, generic honorific for any deity) in doctrinally precise contexts.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ must be distinguished from any general positive announcement.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Established Kannada Christian term (su- 'good' + vārte 'news').

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Christ's full, real, historical human nature; not an illusory appearance and not merely a stage in a mystic's ascent narrative.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: NEVER ಅವತಾರ, especially salient for readers formed by coastal Karnataka's Haridasa Krishna-bhakti tradition centered at Udupi.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: NEVER ಅವತಾರ — highly salient for readers formed by coastal Karnataka's Haridasa Krishna-bhakti tradition (centered at Udupi).

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Distinguish God-breathed Scripture from the vachana literature of the Sharana poet-saints (revered as inspired spiritual wisdom born of mystical experience, but not claiming to be God's own spoken word) and from Haridasa devotional compositions (kirtane), both genuinely treasured but categorically different from biblical inspiration.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  ಯೇಸು is the Kannada Christian standard; ಈಸಾ is associated with Muslim/Urdu usage.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  Compound phrase required; a forensic declaration of right standing, never abbreviated to a single word.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  Torah/Mosaic law.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  CRITICAL: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ is the common address for a guru or the Lingayat ಜಂಗಮ teacher-office and can suggest one honored teacher among several.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9's confession is of a living, presently reigning, exclusive Lord who remains distinct from the believer in ongoing relationship — not a lord whose devotee's ultimate destiny is to merge into and lose distinction from him, as in the Veerashaiva Aikya state.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: transliterated term; the unique OT-promised deliverer, not one of many avatar-descents.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: the Messiah is the unique OT-promised deliverer, not one of the Haridasa tradition's Krishna-avatar associations, and not an exceptionally realized human teacher such as a Sharana poet-saint.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  ಸುವಾರ್ತಾ ಪ್ರಸಾರ is the descriptive Kannada phrase; ಮಿಷನ್ is retained with awareness of its colonial-era connotation.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  'Mission' carries colonial-era connotation; ಸುವಾರ್ತಾ ಪ್ರಸಾರ is preferred in most contexts.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from faith already granted, not ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯ-style compliance or kayaka-style sacred labor that itself builds standing before God.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  Use ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ; never ಶಕ್ತಿ — Karnataka's prominent Shakta tradition (Chamundeshwari at Mysore, tutelary deity of the former Mysore royal house) makes ಶಕ್ತಿ read as a specific divine-feminine power distinct from the one God's saving power.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ required; never ಶಕ್ತಿ, which in Karnataka's prominent Shakta tradition (Chamundeshwari at Mysore) names a distinct divine-feminine power.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration, distinct from astrological forecasting.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  God's spokesperson, not a fortune-teller/astrologer (ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ).

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: NEVER ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: bodily, historical, once-for-all.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: never ಧರ್ಮ.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  All believers are ಪವಿತ್ರ ಜನರು; not an elite class.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: never ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ or ಐಕ್ಯ (the Lingayat state of final merger with Shiva, in which individual identity dissolves).

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ or ಮುಕ್ತಿ (release from the rebirth cycle in mainstream Hindu usage) and NEVER ಐಕ್ಯ (aikya) — the culminating stage of the Lingayat/Veerashaiva shatsthala path, in which the devotee's individual identity ultimately merges into and dissolves within Shiva.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Interestingly, Lingayat kayaka theology (sacred, dignified work as worship, rejecting renunciation) is culturally closer to biblical 'separation while remaining in the world' than classic ascetic withdrawal is — but the risk is the opposite direction here: kayaka's this-worldly diligence must not be read as itself the source of holiness, which in Romans is God's declaration and the Spirit's ongoing work, not the fruit of disciplined labor.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Moral transgression before a personal God who judges and forgives, not an impersonal ledger of demerit.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: full phrase required; conveys eternal, unique Sonship, not a divinely-elevated human teacher such as a great Sharana poet-saint.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship; not a title of honor bestowed on an especially devoted or enlightened figure.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablement; not merit-earned powers or yogic siddhi.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  Always use the compound; ವರ alone (a deity's boon) and ಸಿದ್ಧಿ (a yogic attained power) both wrongly suggest a merit-earned or self-attained ability.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term; minor risk of over-ritualization.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  All humanity equally guilty and equally invited, regardless of caste or spiritual attainment; this is in fact one point of genuine convergence with the Lingayat movement's own historic rejection of caste hierarchy, and can be taught as an area of real (if partial) resonance before drawing the doctrinal distinctions elsewhere.

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No caste barrier to the gospel — a claim with real resonance in Karnataka, where the Lingayat reform movement itself arose 900 years ago specifically to reject caste and ritual hierarchy in religious life, even though caste distinctions persist socially; retain the unqualified universality without softening.

  ROM.1.16