Passage
Romans 10
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Doctrine
Evangelism
Culturally sensitive given both Hindu-nationalist concerns and the strong regional pride Karnataka communities take in their own reform and devotional traditions; use language of proclamation and witness, not confrontation.
ROM.10.14-15
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Doctrine
Faith
Personal trust placed in Christ specifically; not the devotional surrender (ಭಕ್ತಿ) a Haridasa devotee directs toward Krishna or a Lingayat devotee toward Shiva through the personal ishtalinga.
ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17
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Glossary Term
Faith
Personal trust in Christ specifically; ಭಕ್ತಿ carries the devotional-surrender sense central to both Haridasa Krishna-bhakti and Lingayat devotion to Shiva, neither of which requires the specific, exclusive object of trust that ನಂಬಿಕೆ requires here.
ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Linear, one-time historical fulfillment; not the cyclical cosmic time shared by mainstream Hindu yuga cycles, nor the stage-by-stage spiritual ascent of the Lingayat shatsthala path, which is progressive but individual rather than a single shared historical fulfillment for all peoples.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
Non-Jewish peoples; ವಿದೇಶಿಯರು (foreigners) is too narrowly national.
ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Gospel
ಸುವಾರ್ತೆ must be distinguished from any general positive announcement.
ROM.10.15-16
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Established Kannada Christian term (su- 'good' + vārte 'news').
ROM.10.15-16
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Glossary Term
Intercession
Prayer on behalf of others; standard term.
ROM.10.1
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established form.
ROM.10.12
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Glossary Term
Jesus
ಯೇಸು is the Kannada Christian standard; ಈಸಾ is associated with Muslim/Urdu usage.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Glossary Term
Justification
Compound phrase required; a forensic declaration of right standing, never abbreviated to a single word.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Law
Torah/Mosaic law.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Lord
CRITICAL: ಸ್ವಾಮಿ is the common address for a guru or the Lingayat ಜಂಗಮ teacher-office and can suggest one honored teacher among several.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
CRITICAL: Romans 10:9's confession is of a living, presently reigning, exclusive Lord who remains distinct from the believer in ongoing relationship — not a lord whose devotee's ultimate destiny is to merge into and lose distinction from him, as in the Veerashaiva Aikya state.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
Direct access to God through Christ; distinguish from bhakti puja/kirtane directed toward a chosen personal deity and from the meditative discipline of engaging the ishtalinga.
ROM.10.1
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
God-inspired declaration, distinct from astrological forecasting.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
CRITICAL: never ಧರ್ಮ.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: never ಮೋಕ್ಷ/ಮುಕ್ತಿ or ಐಕ್ಯ (the Lingayat state of final merger with Shiva, in which individual identity dissolves).
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: NEVER ಮೋಕ್ಷ or ಮುಕ್ತಿ (release from the rebirth cycle in mainstream Hindu usage) and NEVER ಐಕ್ಯ (aikya) — the culminating stage of the Lingayat/Veerashaiva shatsthala path, in which the devotee's individual identity ultimately merges into and dissolves within Shiva.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Directly challenges caste-based spiritual hierarchy; must be translated with full theological clarity, not softened.
ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
No caste barrier to the gospel — a claim with real resonance in Karnataka, where the Lingayat reform movement itself arose 900 years ago specifically to reject caste and ritual hierarchy in religious life, even though caste distinctions persist socially; retain the unqualified universality without softening.
ROM.10.12-13