Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Established Vietnamese Bible term; conveys a directly commissioned, authoritative sent-one.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Established term with low syncretism risk; comparatively straightforward in Vietnamese Christian usage.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not số mệnh (fixed fate) or nghiệp (karma).

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  God's sovereign personal choice, not số mệnh (fixed fate/destiny).

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  Non-Jews; established Bible term for the theological category of other nations.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor must be distinguished from phước đức/công đức (Buddhist accumulated merit) and ơn nghĩa (a Confucian-style favor creating a reciprocal debt).

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  Never use phước đức or công đức (merit accumulated through good deeds in Buddhist practice) or ơn nghĩa (a favor that creates a Confucian-style reciprocal obligation to repay).

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Imputed Righteousness

  Righteousness credited by God, not earned.

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Proper name; established Vietnamese Bible form.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  The forensic declaration of right standing.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care; never số trời (impersonal fate-dispensing 'Heaven') or nghiệp (karma).

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care; never số trời (an impersonal, fate-dispensing 'Heaven') or nghiệp (karma).

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  Right standing before God received by faith.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Never sự giải thoát (liberation from the cycle of rebirth, the central Buddhist soteriological goal).

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: NEVER use sự giải thoát (liberation from the cycle of rebirth, the central goal in Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist practice).

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Requires OT/NT background teaching; comparatively low direct cultural-analogue risk in the Vietnamese context.

  ROM.11.17-24