Passage
Romans 9
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Glossary Term
Abba
Aramaic term of intimacy preserved in Romans 8:15.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Adoption
Full legal son-status with inheritance rights.
ROM.9.4
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Doctrine
Adoption into God's Family
Because Vietnamese family relationships are strongly shaped by Confucian filial duty (hiếu), this doctrine needs explicit framing that sonship here is grounded in grace and intimacy, not primarily hierarchical obligation.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Calling
Never conflate with số phận (fixed fate/destiny), a common folk framing for a person's life path.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
A relational, binding bond initiated by God; needs context to carry more weight than an ordinary negotiated agreement.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
David
Established Vietnamese Bible proper-name form.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires OT background teaching; no directly competing folk concept, so risk is primarily unfamiliarity rather than syncretism.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: Co-equal, eternal divine nature; not a deified historical hero (as venerated at folk temples) or an enlightened teacher.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's personal call must be distinguished from số phận (fixed fate/destiny), a common folk framing.
ROM.9.11-12
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not số mệnh (fixed fate) or nghiệp (karma).
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign personal choice, not số mệnh (fixed fate/destiny).
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Father
God as personal, relational Father.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Glory
God's radiant honor and majesty; standard, well-established term.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
God
The established 1926 Protestant Bible term incorporates Trời (Heaven/Sky), the indigenous Vietnamese folk concept of a supreme cosmic authority, into a compound with Đức Chúa (Lord).
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Messiah
Transliterated term; the unique, exclusively fulfilled OT promise.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
Vietnamese religious tradition has no rival messianic figure; teaching should connect this term to its OT roots rather than guard against a competing concept.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise.
ROM.9.5