Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Avoid ગુરુ, which in both Hindu bhakti and Jain ascetic-teacher contexts implies self-attained spiritual authority rather than a delegated, sent commission.

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Risk of apostleship collapsing into a generic acharya/guru role recognized for personal spiritual attainment rather than a commissioned, sent office.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Noun form for the act/state of being called; pair with તેડાયેલા for the participle.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, not merely a caste, business, or community association, all strong organizing categories in Gujarati social life.

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  કરાર is an established Gujarati word for a binding relational agreement, used in both Bible translation and everyday legal speech; સમજૂતી (mutual understanding) is too weak for a divinely-initiated covenant.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Established proper name form.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  Requires OT background explanation; no true structural parallel exists in either the Hindu or Jain traditions common in Gujarat.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: co-equal, undiminished divine nature, not a divinely-elevated human teacher — the closest available category for Jain hearers, who venerate the Tirthankaras as perfected humans rather than an eternal creator.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's initiating, sovereign call must be set apart from Gujarat's culture of guru-disciple initiation (diksha), common to both Swaminarayan bhakti and Jain monastic entry, where the aspirant typically seeks out and petitions the teacher.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Context-sensitive: use વિનંતી for entreaty; પ્રોત્સાહન for encouragement/building up.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust placed in Christ specifically, not the devotional reverence (bhakti/shraddha) a devotee might direct toward any chosen deity or Tirthankara.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ; શ્રદ્ધા and ભક્તિ both carry devotional-reverence connotations from Gujarat's strong bhakti (Swaminarayan, Vaishnav) tradition that do not require the specific object of trust that વિશ્વાસ requires.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, not merely social friendship (મિત્રતા).

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear, one-time historical fulfillment, not the cyclical cosmic time shared by both Hindu yuga cycles and Jain cosmology's beginningless, endless wheel of rising and falling ages.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  God's radiant honor; avoid light-only imagery that could merge with Hindu divine-light or Jain kevala-jnana ('infinite light of omniscience') associations.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  CRITICAL: ભગવાન is extremely common colloquially in Gujarat for any Hindu deity, and among Jains is often applied to the Tirthankaras — perfected, liberated human teachers rather than an eternal creator.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  સુવાર્તા must be distinguished from any general positive news.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Established Gujarati Christian term (su- 'good' + vārtā 'news').

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Christ's full, real human nature, not an illusory appearance and not merely a soul temporarily occupying a body as in some folk expressions of transmigration.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: NEVER અવતાર.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: NEVER અવતાર — especially salient in Gujarat, home to Dwarka, Krishna's Vaishnav capital, where avatar theology is an everyday devotional reference point.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Distinguish God-breathed Scripture from both the Hindu concept of shruti (eternal truth heard by ancient sages) and the Jain Agamas (scriptures preserving the teaching of the Tirthankaras); biblical inspiration is God moving human authors to write exactly what he intended about a specific unfolding history.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  ઈસુ is the Gujarati Christian standard; ઈસા is associated with Muslim/Urdu usage.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  Compound phrase required; a forensic declaration, not a felt experience of forgiveness or merit accumulated (પુણ્ય કમાવું).

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  Torah/Mosaic law.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  CRITICAL: must convey a living, presently reigning sovereign.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9's confession is of a living, presently reigning Lord — contrast explicitly with the Jain siddha, a liberated soul permanently withdrawn to the top of the universe in eternal non-interaction.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: transliterated term; the unique OT-promised deliverer, not one of many avatar-descents.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: the Messiah is the unique OT-promised deliverer, not one of Vaishnav Krishna's many avatars (especially salient given Dwarka's location in Gujarat) and not one of the Jain lineage of twenty-four Tirthankaras, each arising independently across cosmic time.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  સુવાર્તા પ્રચાર is the descriptive Gujarati phrase; મિશન is retained with awareness of its colonial-era connotation.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  'Mission' carries colonial-era connotation in India; સુવાર્તા પ્રચાર is preferred in most contexts.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from faith already granted, not obedience as the vrata (religious vow) by which a Jain or Hindu devotee builds spiritual standing.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  Use સામર્થ્ય; never શક્તિ — Gujarat's strong Shakti/mother-goddess devotional tradition (e.g.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  સામર્થ્ય required; never શક્તિ, which in Gujarat's active Shakti/mother-goddess devotional tradition (e.g.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration, distinct from astrological forecasting (ભવિષ્યફળ).

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  God's spokesperson, not a fortune-teller/astrologer (જ્યોતિષી), a common professional role in Gujarati culture.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: NEVER પુનર્જન્મ.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: bodily, historical, once-for-all.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: never ધર્મ.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  All believers are પવિત્ર જનો, not an ascetic elite — the category સંતો and મુનિ occupy in Gujarati religious usage.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: never મોક્ષ, મુક્તિ, કેવલજ્ઞાન, or સિદ્ધત્વ.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: NEVER મોક્ષ or મુક્તિ (Hindu liberation from samsara).

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be read through Jain sannyasa/diksha, the formal renunciation of worldly life through vows and monastic ordination.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Moral transgression against a personal God who judges and forgives.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: full phrase required; conveys eternal, unique Sonship, not a divinely-favored human or one of many avatar-figures.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship, not a title of honor bestowed on an especially devoted soul.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablement, not siddhi (a supernatural power attained through yogic or ascetic self-discipline) or a deity's boon.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  Always use the compound; વરદાન alone (a deity's boon) and સિદ્ધિ (a Jain/yogic attained supernatural power) both wrongly suggest the gift is granted for merit or self-attained.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term; minor risk of being read as ritual gratitude offered as part of a devotional exchange.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  All humanity equally guilty and equally invited; undermines caste-based and attainment-based spiritual hierarchy alike.

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No caste, community, or spiritual-attainment barrier to the gospel; a pointed claim in a state where caste identity remains socially significant across both Hindu and Jain communities.

  ROM.1.16