Glossary Term
Risk: Critical- Approved rendering
- પરમેશ્વર
- Transliteration
- Parmeśvar
- Rejected alternatives
- ઈશ્વર, ભગવાન
God
CRITICAL: ભગવાન is extremely common colloquially in Gujarat for any Hindu deity, and among Jains is often applied to the Tirthankaras — perfected, liberated human teachers rather than an eternal creator. પરમેશ્વર is preferred for doctrinal precision to avoid both associations.