Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Established Marathi Christian term.

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Risk of apostleship collapsing into a generic guru or social-reform-movement leader role rather than a commissioned, sent office with delegated authority from Christ.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Noun form for the act/state of being called; pair with बोलावलेले for the participle.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ; not merely social or caste-community association.

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  करार conveys a binding relational bond; वचन alone (a promise/word) is weaker than the covenant concept requires.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Established proper name form.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  Requires OT background explanation; no structural equivalent exists in either Warkari devotional theology or Buddhist teaching.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: co-equal, undiminished divine nature — not a beloved, humbly-postured personal deity like Vitthal within a devotee's chosen pantheon, and not an enlightened human teacher elevated in memory, the closest available Buddhist category.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's initiating, sovereign call must be distinguished from the devotee-initiated seeking of Warkari bhakti (undertaking the wari pilgrimage to Pandharpur by one's own devotion) and from the deliberate, self-chosen 'taking of refuge' (conversion vow) central to the Navayana Buddhist path.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Context-sensitive: use विनंती for entreaty; उत्तेजन for encouragement/building up.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically; not the devotional reverence (bhakti/shraddha) a Warkari devotee directs toward Vitthal, nor confidence placed in a teaching or path as in Buddhist practice.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Personal trust in a specific object (Christ); श्रद्धा and भक्ति both carry devotional-reverence connotations from Warkari and broader bhakti practice that do not require a specific, exclusive object of trust.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, not mere social friendship.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear, one-time historical fulfillment; not the cyclical cosmic time of Hindu yuga cycles, nor the Buddhist wheel of dependent-origination (pratityasamutpada) in which no single historical moment carries unrepeatable, final significance.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  God's radiant honor; avoid light-only imagery that could merge with devotional divine-light or enlightenment (bodhi) associations.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  CRITICAL: देव is the everyday Marathi word for any deity at all (Ganpati, Vitthal, a village deity), so it flattens monotheistic exclusivity if used alone for the God of Romans.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  शुभवर्तमान must be distinguished from any general positive announcement.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Established Marathi Bible term (used as the traditional title for each of the four Gospels, e.g.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Real, historical human nature; not an illusory appearance and not merely one impermanent configuration of aggregates in a Buddhist sense.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: NEVER अवतार, especially salient given Vitthal's Vaishnav associations at the heart of Warkari devotion.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: NEVER अवतार (Vitthal/Krishna avatar-descent, central to Warkari devotional theology).

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Distinguish God-breathed Scripture from both the devotional poetry (abhang) of the Warkari sant-poets, treasured as inspired wisdom but not claiming the status of God's own spoken word, and from the Buddhist Tripitaka/Ambedkar's own reinterpreted 'Dhamma' writings, which claim authority as teaching rather than as divine revelation.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  येशू is the Marathi Christian standard; ईसा is associated with Muslim/Urdu usage.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  Compound phrase required; a forensic declaration of right standing, never abbreviated to a single word.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  Torah/Mosaic law.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  CRITICAL: In Romans 10:9 the confession 'Jesus is Lord' = येशू प्रभू आहे.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9's confession is of a living, presently reigning, exclusive Lord — not one more beloved personal deity alongside Vitthal within a devotee's bhakti practice.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: transliterated term; the unique OT-promised deliverer, not one of many avatar-descents.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: the Messiah is the unique OT-promised deliverer, not one of Vitthal's Vaishnav avatar-associations, and not a Buddha-like enlightened teacher who attained realization through his own effort.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  सुवार्ता प्रसार is the descriptive Marathi phrase for spreading the good news; मिशन is retained with awareness of its colonial-era connotation.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  'Mission' carries colonial-era connotation; सुवार्ता प्रसार is preferred in most contexts.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from faith already granted, not धार्मिक कर्तव्य-style compliance that earns standing, and not the disciplined self-effort of the Buddhist path.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  Use सामर्थ्य; never शक्ती — Maharashtra's prominent Shakti/mother-goddess tradition (Tuljapur's Tuljabhavani, family deity of Chhatrapati Shivaji) makes शक्ती read as a specific divine-feminine power distinct from the one God's saving power.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  सामर्थ्य required; never शक्ती, which in Maharashtra's Shakti/mother-goddess tradition (Tuljapur's Tuljabhavani) names a distinct divine-feminine power.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration, distinct from astrological forecasting.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  God's spokesperson, not a fortune-teller/astrologer (ज्योतिषी).

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: NEVER पुनर्जन्म (Hindu rebirth) or पुनर्भव (the Buddhist technical term for the arising of a new configuration of aggregates after death, explicitly not the survival of a continuous self).

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: bodily, historical, once-for-all.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: never धर्म.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  All believers are पवित्र जन; not an elite spiritual-literary class.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: never मोक्ष/मुक्ती (Warkari-Hindu liberation through bhakti) or निर्वाण (the Buddhist extinguishing of craving, an impersonal cessation of suffering rather than reconciliation with a personal God).

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: NEVER मोक्ष or मुक्ती (Warkari-Hindu liberation reached through bhakti devotion and Vitthal's grace) and NEVER निर्वाण (the Buddhist extinguishing of craving and suffering — an impersonal cessation, not reconciliation with a personal God).

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be confused with Hindu sannyasa (world-renunciation) or with Buddhist monastic ordination; biblical separation is devotion to God while remaining fully engaged in daily life and community, which is in fact closer to the Warkari lay-devotional ideal than to renunciate asceticism.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Moral transgression before a personal God.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: full phrase required.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship; not a title of honor bestowed on an especially devoted or enlightened figure.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablement; not merit-earned powers or yogic/ascetic siddhi.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  Always use the compound; वरदान alone (a deity's boon) and सिद्धी (a yogic/ascetic attained power) both wrongly suggest a merit-earned or self-attained ability.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term; minor risk of over-ritualization.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  All humanity equally guilty and equally invited, regardless of caste.

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No caste or community barrier to the gospel — a claim with unusually direct resonance in Maharashtra, where mass conversion to escape caste hierarchy (the 1956 Ambedkarite Buddhist conversion) is recent living memory; retain the unqualified universality without softening.

  ROM.1.16