Passage
Romans 1
-
Glossary Term
Apostle
A provisional descriptive phrase ('a person sent with a sending/commission') for authorized, commissioned ministry.
ROM.1.1
-
Doctrine
Apostleship
Risk of reducing apostleship to a generic ritual-specialist role paralleling a Naeke (village priest) or Ojha (healer) rather than a unique, Christ-commissioned sent ministry.
ROM.1.1
-
Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
-
Glossary Term
Calling
Noun form for the act/state of being called, kept structurally parallel to balaw kana (called).
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
-
Doctrine
Christian Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ; not merely village or clan (paris) social association.
ROM.1.12
-
Glossary Term
Covenant
A provisional descriptive compound ('a given word/promise') for a relational covenant bond; confirm this rendering's exact naturalness with a Santali-speaking theologian, as no crystallized single covenant-theology term is attested in currently available Santali Christian literature.
ROM.1.3
-
Glossary Term
David
Standard proper-name transliteration, following regional Bible-translation convention; confirm exact Santali form against a current published Santali Scripture edition.
ROM.1.3
-
Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires explicit Old Testament background teaching; there is no analogous royal-covenant concept in Sarnaism, though the strong Santal cultural emphasis on clan (paris) lineage gives 'seed of David' language a point of natural resonance to build from.
ROM.1.3
-
Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: full, co-equal divine nature; must not be softened into 'a great bonga' or 'a specially favored spirit within the jaher pantheon.'
ROM.1.4
-
Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's sovereign call must be distinguished from a person being ritually summoned by a bonga through an Ojha or Naeke, and handled with care given the serious social sensitivity of witchcraft-accusation (daain) language in Santal communities.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
-
Glossary Term
Exhort
Context-sensitive: use for encouragement/strengthening; use binti (entreaty/pleading) for beseeching contexts.
ROM.1.12
-
Doctrine
Faith
Personal trust in Christ specifically; the object of faith must always be named, since biswas alone could be read as generalized confidence in the bongas' goodwill.
ROM.1.17
-
Glossary Term
Faith
biswas (a widely shared regional Indic loanword for belief/trust) is the best-attested general term in currently available Santali Christian literature.
ROM.1.17
-
Glossary Term
Fellowship
A provisional descriptive term for shared togetherness/community; confirm regional naturalness with native speakers given limited established Santali Christian devotional vocabulary for this specific sense.
ROM.1.12
-
Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Linear, historical fulfillment (Old Testament promise to New Testament fulfillment in Christ) has no ready oral-tradition parallel in Sarnaism and should not be confused with an Ojha's divinatory pronouncements during a healing ritual.
ROM.1.2-4
-
Glossary Term
Glory
God's radiant honor and presence.
ROM.1.4
-
Glossary Term
God
CRITICAL: Isor (a regional loanword ultimately from Sanskrit-derived Ishwar, attested in Christian usage across several Munda and Adivasi-language Bible translations) is used here provisionally rather than the indigenous high-god candidates Marang Buru or Sing Bonga, to avoid presenting the biblical God as simply an existing bonga under a new name.
ROM.1.4
-
Doctrine
Gospel
Must be distinguished from ordinary good news of a successful harvest or a favorable outcome from a jaher offering; the gospel is the unique proclamation of salvation through Christ crucified and risen, a category requiring full explanation given the thin existing Santali doctrinal-study vocabulary.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
-
Glossary Term
Gospel
ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ('good/complete news,' khobor being a widely shared regional Indic loanword for 'news') is a plain descriptive rendering, offered provisionally pending confirmation from a Santali-speaking theologian, since no crystallized single Santali theological term for 'gospel' is attested in currently available literature.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
-
Doctrine
Humanity of Christ
Christ's full, real humanity must not be diluted into a temporary possession-state as attributed to a medium during bonga-related ritual.
ROM.1.3
-
Doctrine
Incarnation
CRITICAL: must be sharply distinguished from bonga possession, in which a spirit is understood to temporarily seize or work through a human medium during an Ojha's ritual.
ROM.1.3
-
Glossary Term
Incarnation
CRITICAL: a provisional descriptive compound ('came in a human body') stands in for a single fixed theological term, which does not exist in currently available Santali Christian literature.
ROM.1.3
-
Doctrine
Inspiration of Scripture
Sarnaism has no fixed written scripture; its teaching is oral and ritual, transmitted through the Naeke and community elders.
ROM.1.2
-
Glossary Term
Jesus
CRITICAL: Jisu follows the pattern used in Bengali- and regional-influenced Santali Christian usage; confirm the exact settled form against a current printed Santali New Testament before this curriculum is finalized, given the thinner and less standardized state of Santali Bible publication.
ROM.1.4
-
Glossary Term
Justification
CRITICAL: a provisional descriptive compound ('being pronounced properly conducted') attempting to carry the forensic, once-for-all legal-declaration sense; no single Santali term or settled compound for this exact concept is attested in currently available literature.
ROM.1.16
-
Glossary Term
Law
ain (a shared regional loanword for law/rule) refers to the Mosaic Law/Torah in this curriculum.
ROM.1.2-4
-
Glossary Term
Lord
CRITICAL: Thakur (a regional loanword for 'Lord/Master' attested in Bengali-influenced Christian usage in the wider region) is used provisionally rather than Marang Buru, the presiding elder deity of the Sarnaism bonga pantheon, to avoid presenting Christ as merely the greatest among many recognized bongas.
ROM.1.4
-
Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
CRITICAL: exclusive, supreme Lordship.
ROM.1.4
-
Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: transliterated term, following regional Bible-translation convention.
ROM.1.3-4
-
Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: Messiah is a specific Jewish Old Testament category fulfilled exclusively in Jesus; it must not be presented as one figure among the many bongas recognized in Sarnaism's spirit-world.
ROM.1.3-4
-
Glossary Term
Mission
'The work of the news.' Santal communities have a long, mixed history with Christian mission (the 19th-century Norwegian Santal Mission being foundational but also entangled with the colonial administrative period); this curriculum should frame evangelism as the church's own ongoing calling, with sensitivity to that history.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
-
Doctrine
Mission to the Nations
Santal communities have a long, mixed history with Christian mission (the 19th-century Norwegian Santal Mission being foundational but also entangled with the colonial administrative period); frame evangelism as the church's own ongoing calling, with sensitivity to that history.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
-
Doctrine
Mutual Edification
Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.12
-
Doctrine
Obedience of Faith
Obedience flowing from faith, not observance of jaher ritual custom and offering obligations.
ROM.1.5
-
Glossary Term
Obedience Of Faith
Romans 1:5 and 16:26.
ROM.1.5
-
Glossary Term
Power Of God
A provisional compound for God's saving power (Romans 1:16), kept categorically distinct from the ritual or exorcistic power attributed to bongas or wielded by an Ojha against witchcraft and affliction.
ROM.1.16
-
Doctrine
Power of God for Salvation
Must be kept categorically distinct from the ritual or exorcistic power attributed to bongas or wielded by an Ojha against witchcraft and affliction.
ROM.1.16
-
Glossary Term
Prophecy
God-inspired declaration; distinct from an Ojha's divinatory pronouncements during a healing ritual.
ROM.1.2-4
-
Glossary Term
Prophet
God's spokesperson; must not be confused with an Ojha, the traditional healer and diviner recognized in Santal village religious life, or with a Naeke's ritual role.
ROM.1.2
-
Glossary Term
Resurrection
CRITICAL: a provisional descriptive phrase ('rising alive again from death') rather than a single fixed technical term, reflecting the thinner translation tradition.
ROM.1.4
-
Doctrine
Resurrection of Christ
CRITICAL: bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection.
ROM.1.4
-
Glossary Term
Righteousness
CRITICAL: a provisional compound ('being properly/correctly conducted') for right standing before God received through faith.
ROM.1.16
-
Doctrine
Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
All believers are saints corporately; must not be narrowed to a specialist ritual class paralleling the Naeke or Ojha.
ROM.1.7
-
Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: this is a genuine conceptual gap, not a wrong-existing-word problem.
ROM.1.16
-
Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: bachao (a widely shared regional Indic loanword meaning 'rescue/save') is the best-attested general term, but Sarnaism has no developed eschatological salvation category at all -- its ritual life, centered on the jaher and led by the Naeke, targets protection from malevolent bongas, good harvests, and community harmony in this life, addressed when disrupted through an Ojha's intervention against witchcraft or bonga affliction.
ROM.1.16
-
Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; a provisional descriptive phrase conveying physical lineage, resonating with the strong Santal cultural emphasis on clan (paris) and lineage identity, but requiring explicit Old Testament covenant background since there is no analogous royal-covenant concept in Sarnaism.
ROM.1.3
-
Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Must not be confused with the ritual restriction (saga) placed on the jaher grove itself or on a person during ceremonial preparation.
ROM.1.1
-
Glossary Term
Sin
pap (a shared regional loanword) conveys moral transgression before a personal God.
ROM.1.18
-
Glossary Term
Son Of God
CRITICAL: full phrase required, built on Isor (see 'god' entry).
ROM.1.4
-
Doctrine
Sonship of Christ
CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship, not a lesser spirit-being's offspring as might be assumed within a populated bonga pantheon that includes many recognized nature and ancestor spirits.
ROM.1.4
-
Doctrine
Spiritual Gifts
Spirit-given enablements for the whole church; not the healing/exorcistic ability attributed to an Ojha.
ROM.1.11
-
Glossary Term
Spiritual Gifts
A provisional compound ('gift of the Spirit') must be kept distinct from the ritual healing and exorcistic ability attributed to an Ojha.
ROM.1.11
-
Doctrine
Thanksgiving
Standard term.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
-
Glossary Term
Thanksgiving
A general term for praise/gratitude.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
-
Doctrine
Universal Human Accountability
All humanity equally guilty before God; retain universal language without softening, even where witchcraft-accusation (daain) dynamics in traditional village life already create a very different, socially fraught model of communal guilt and blame that must not be confused with Romans' argument.
ROM.1.18
-
Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
No clan (paris) or ethnic barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universality, a point of particular relevance given the strong, currently active salience of Adivasi versus non-Adivasi (diku) identity categories in Santal social and political life.
ROM.1.16