Passage
Romans 11
-
Glossary Term
Apostle
Distinctively for Malayalam, this term is a direct transliteration from Greek apostolos via Syriac liturgical transmission, not a translated Sanskrit-derived compound as in most other languages in this pipeline — a linguistic fingerprint of the Saint Thomas Christian community's direct apostolic-era origin.
ROM.11.13
-
Doctrine
Apostleship
DISTINCT FROM OTHER LANGUAGES: അപ്പോസ്തലന് is a direct Greek/Syriac-derived transliteration with no competing translated form, unlike languages that must choose between a Sanskrit-derived compound and a borrowed term.
ROM.11.13
-
Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that ensures the salvation of the called; not karma-determined destiny or popular fatalism.
ROM.11.29
-
Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign, personal choice; never വിധി (fate) or തലയെഴുത്ത് ("writing on the forehead," a common Malayalam fatalism idiom).
ROM.11.29
-
Glossary Term
Gentiles
NEVER ജാതികള് for this doctrinal sense, despite its use in some older Bible translations: ജാതി is also the ordinary Malayalam word for "caste," and Kerala's own social history includes some of India's most rigid historical caste stratification.
ROM.11.17-24
-
Doctrine
Grace
കൃപ is shared vocabulary with Kerala's Hindu bhakti devotional tradition, where a deity's favor toward a devotee is also understood as gift-like; every occurrence must keep the source of grace explicitly Christ's finished work, not cumulative devotion.
ROM.11.5-6
-
Glossary Term
Grace
കൃപ is the settled Malayalam Christian term, but it is a Sanskrit-derived word also used in Kerala's Hindu bhakti devotional tradition for a deity's favor toward a devotee.
ROM.11.5-6
-
Glossary Term
Israel
Established proper-name form.
ROM.11.17-24
-
Glossary Term
Justification
Established Malayalam theological compound for the forensic, declared-righteous sense.
ROM.11.11
-
Doctrine
Providence
God's personal, purposive care; never വിധി (fate) or popular Malayalam fatalism idioms.
ROM.11.33-36
-
Glossary Term
Providence
God's personal, purposive governance; never വിധി (fate).
ROM.11.33-36
-
Glossary Term
Righteousness
NEVER ധര്മ്മം, the Malayalam cognate of Sanskrit dharma, carrying the same cosmic-duty connotation found elsewhere in South Asia.
ROM.11.11
-
Doctrine
Salvation
DISTINCT FROM OTHER LANGUAGES: this is the only language in this batch where salvation is not Critical risk.
ROM.11.11
-
Glossary Term
Salvation
രക്ഷ (protection/rescue/deliverance) has been the settled Malayalam Christian term for close to two millennia, since the Saint Thomas Christian tradition predates most later Sanskrit-influenced Hindu vocabulary layers now common elsewhere.
ROM.11.11
-
Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Use ജനതകള്, not ജാതികള് (which reads as "castes"), given Kerala's own caste history and the documented internal caste-heritage stratification within Malayalam Christianity itself.
ROM.11.17-24