Passage
Romans 1
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Glossary Term
Apostle
Established, unambiguous term.
ROM.1.1
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Doctrine
Apostleship
Apostoł is unambiguous and consistent across Polish Christian traditions.
ROM.1.1
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: Romans 1:1 (called to apostleship), 1:7 (called to be saints), 8:28-30 (effectual calling).
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Glossary Term
Calling
CRITICAL: 'powołanie' in Polish Catholic culture is overwhelmingly associated with a call to the priesthood or consecrated religious life (powołanie kapłańskie, powołanie zakonne), a vocabulary intensified by John Paul II's frequent public emphasis on vocations and by Poland's historically high numbers of priestly and religious vocations.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Doctrine
Christian Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ; avoid conflating with the specific creedal phrase 'świętych obcowanie.'
ROM.1.12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
Relational covenant bond, not a mere legal contract; standard and unambiguous across Polish Bible traditions.
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
David
Standard proper name.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires explicit Old Testament background (2 Samuel 7); no analogous concept assumed in general Polish culture.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: co-equal divine nature; must not be softened to 'a divine man' or 'the greatest of the saints.'
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's sovereign call to every believer must be distinguished from the culturally dominant Polish Catholic sense of 'powołanie' as a call to priesthood or religious life.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Glossary Term
Exhort
Standard term.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Faith
CRITICAL: personal trust in Christ, not the inherited national-religious identity captured in the 'Polak-katolik' stereotype, and not a status conferred automatically through baptism and First Communion.
ROM.1.17
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Glossary Term
Faith
CRITICAL: in Poland, Catholic identity has historically been fused with national identity (the 'Polak-katolik' — 'Pole-Catholic' — stereotype), reinforced by the Church's historic role resisting partition, Nazi occupation, and communist rule, and by the towering cultural figure of Pope John Paul II.
ROM.1.17
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Glossary Term
Fellowship
Use 'wspólnota' for Romans' general fellowship sense; avoid conflating with the specific creedal phrase 'świętych obcowanie' (communion of saints).
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Linear historical fulfillment (Old Testament to New Testament); requires OT background many culturally Catholic but non-catechized readers may lack.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Glory
God's radiant honor and presence; standard usage.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
God
Standard and unambiguous.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Gospel
Must be distinguished from a generic uplifting message or the four Gospel books alone; the gospel is the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ crucified and risen.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Standard term shared by Catholic (Biblia Tysiąclecia) and Protestant (Biblia Gdańska, Biblia Warszawska) Polish Bibles.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Humanity of Christ
Real physical human nature; low risk in Polish Catholic culture, though should be taught explicitly alongside deity of Christ.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Incarnation
The term 'wcielenie' is unambiguous and shared across Catholic and Protestant Polish Bibles; the risk is catechetical, since popular piety often narrows it to the Christmas nativity (szopka) rather than the eternal Son's permanent assumption of human nature.
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
Incarnation
Standard, unambiguous term shared across Polish Catholic and Protestant Bibles; primary risk is catechetical narrowing to the Christmas nativity scene (szopka) rather than the full doctrine of the Son's permanent assumption of human nature.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Inspiration of Scripture
Distinguish Scripture's unique divine inspiration from the broader Catholic framework in which Sacred Tradition and Magisterial teaching are held alongside Scripture as authoritative.
ROM.1.2
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Glossary Term
Jesus
Standard across all Polish Bible traditions; no variant-form risk.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Justification
CRITICAL: as in other historically Catholic contexts, the Council of Trent's teaching of infused, merit-cooperated righteousness stands in tension with the Reformation's forensic 'declared righteous' reading reflected in Polish Protestant Bibles.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Law
The Mosaic law/Torah; standard and unambiguous.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Lord
CRITICAL: Romans 10:9's confession requires exclusive, supreme lordship.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
CRITICAL: Romans 10:9's confession requires exclusive, supreme lordship over the whole of life.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: the unique, Old Testament-promised Anointed One fulfilled exclusively in Jesus.
ROM.1.3-4
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: the unique, Old Testament-promised Anointed One fulfilled exclusively in Jesus.
ROM.1.3-4
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Glossary Term
Mission
Standard term.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
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Doctrine
Mission to the Nations
Standard term; low colonial-connotation risk, though Poland's own strong missionary-sending tradition (reinforced by John Paul II's papacy) is a cultural asset here.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
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Doctrine
Mutual Edification
Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Obedience of Faith
Obedience flowing from faith, not compliance with church precepts, holy days of obligation, or ritual practice.
ROM.1.5
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Glossary Term
Obedience Of Faith
Romans 1:5 and 16:26.
ROM.1.5
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Glossary Term
Power Of God
Standard, unambiguous rendering.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Power of God for Salvation
Standard, unambiguous rendering.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
God-inspired declaration; standard term.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Prophet
God's spokesperson; standard term.
ROM.1.2
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Glossary Term
Resurrection
Standard, unambiguous term with no rival-religion confusion.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Resurrection of Christ
CRITICAL: bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
CRITICAL: right standing before God granted through faith, not merit accumulated through religious practice or ritual observance.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
CRITICAL: every believer is called 'święty' in Romans 1:7; Polish Catholic culture, reinforced by John Paul II's record number of canonizations, gives canonized sainthood exceptional prominence.
ROM.1.7
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: reconciliation with a personal God received by faith, not a status assumed automatically through sacramental participation or through belonging to a historically Catholic nation.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: reconciliation with God received by faith, not a status assumed automatically through sacramental participation (baptism, First Communion, confession) or through belonging to a historically Catholic nation.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and covenant fulfillment.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Risk of conflation with the specifically consecrated-life category ('życie konsekrowane') as a specially set-apart class, rather than the calling of every believer.
ROM.1.1
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Glossary Term
Sin
Moral transgression before a personal God; avoid minimizing euphemisms.
ROM.1.18
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Glossary Term
Son Of God
CRITICAL: full phrase required.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Sonship of Christ
CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship, not the adoptive 'dzieci Boże' sense Romans 8 applies to believers.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Spiritual Gifts
Spirit-given enablements for the whole church, not gifts reserved for visionaries or shrine-associated devotional figures.
ROM.1.11
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Glossary Term
Spiritual Gifts
Spirit-given enablements for the church; low syncretism risk, though should be distinguished from folk-Catholic visionary piety associated with certain shrines and private revelations, sometimes popularly described in similar 'gift' language.
ROM.1.11
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Doctrine
Thanksgiving
Standard term; minimal risk.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
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Glossary Term
Thanksgiving
Standard term.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
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Doctrine
Universal Human Accountability
All humanity equally guilty before God; retain unqualified universal language rather than implying national or cultural Catholic identity confers a different standing.
ROM.1.18
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Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
No ethnic or national barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universal language rather than implying the gospel belongs distinctively to a Catholic Polish nation.
ROM.1.16