Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Havoriy is the established Christian term for Jesus' twelve.

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Risk: reducing apostleship either to the payg'ambar (prophet-messenger) category or to a Sufi murid-under-pir discipleship model; an apostle is a Spirit-authorized eyewitness to the risen Christ, not either of these.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Noun form for the act/state of being called by God.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, not merely ethnic or civic community (birodarlik-style belonging).

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  Ahd is the established relational-covenant term (also used for Eski Ahd/Yangi Ahd, Old/New Testament).

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Established Uzbek Bible proper name, recognizable from the Qur'anic Dovud, though the Qur'an presents him as a prophet-king without the messianic covenant content Romans assumes.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  The Qur'anic Dovud is a prophet-king; the specific covenant promise of an eternal royal line fulfilled in the Messiah has no Islamic parallel and requires deliberate background teaching.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: The single most direct collision with tawhid.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's sovereign call must be distinguished from taqdir-style impersonal fate and from a merely optional religious invitation one may decline without consequence to God's purpose.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Context-sensitive: use yalvormoq (entreat/beseech) for pleading; nasihat qilish (advise/encourage) for building up.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically, not assent to the pillars of Islamic iymon in the abstract.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Iymon is shared with Islamic vocabulary, denoting assent to Allah, angels, books, prophets, the last day, and qadar.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment culminating in Christ contrasts with a pattern of successive, largely self-contained prophets each restating the same core message; Romans' cumulative, converging OT argument needs explicit unpacking.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  God's radiant honor and majesty.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  Xudo (a Persian-origin word for God long used across Central Asia, including by Uzbek speakers of all backgrounds) is the term used consistently in the IBT Uzbek Bible.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  Must be distinguished from Injil treated purely as a disputed book (tahrif).

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Xushxabar ('good news') is the Institute for Bible Translation (IBT) Uzbek term for the living proclamation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Islamic theology already affirms Jesus' full, real humanity, so this is common ground; the risk runs opposite to a Docetic-denial context — readers may over-affirm Christ's humanity and resist the accompanying claim of full deity.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: The eternal Son permanently taking on true human nature.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: The eternal Son permanently, not temporarily, taking on true human nature.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Tahrif (belief that the Bible has been textually corrupted from an original Injil) is widely taught.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  CRITICAL: Iso is the shared Uzbek/Qur'anic name for Jesus and alone signals only the Qur'anic prophet-Jesus to most readers.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  Oqlanish is a forensic-legal term (to be acquitted/declared innocent), a strong fit for Paul's courtroom metaphor.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  Refers to the Mosaic law given through the Tavrot (Torah).

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  Established Uzbek Bible term.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9 — Iso Rabbiydir is the salvation confession and must be rendered without qualification.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: Masih is shared with the Qur'anic al-Masih title given to Iso, but the Qur'an empties it of Old Testament content.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: The Qur'an grants Iso the al-Masih title but strips it of the OT king-priest-savior content Paul assumes.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  CRITICAL: Uzbekistan's religion law places severe restrictions on unregistered religious teaching and proselytism; missionerlik in particular is a legally and socially dangerous word.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  Cultural and legal sensitivity: framed here as the broader theme of God's plan for all nations, distinct from the specific, more acutely dangerous evangelism/proselytism activity addressed separately below.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from a faith relationship already secured by grace, not diniy vazifa (religious duty-performance) that itself establishes standing before God.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  Qudrat is the plain, doctrinally clean term for God's power, distinct from g'azab (wrath) or generic fate-adjacent power language common in folk religious speech.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  Qudrat preferred over g'azab (wrath) or generic fate-adjacent power language found in folk religious speech.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration pointing to Christ.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  Payg'ambar is the standard shared Islamic-Uzbek term, and precisely the (exclusive) category Islamic theology places Jesus into.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: Must affirm real bodily death followed by bodily resurrection.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: Qur'an 4:157 denies Jesus actually died on the cross.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: Never present as equivalent to yaxshi amallar (good deeds), the works-ledger category central to Islamic judgment theology.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  All believers are muqaddaslar; this is not an elite class of specially graced figures venerated at shrines (avliyolar, mazorlar), as Uzbek Sufi-influenced folk religion might suggest.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Salvation received now through Christ's finished work, not an outcome deferred to Allah's undisclosed judgment.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Najot is the established IBT term for deliverance through Christ's death and resurrection, received now.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise, a background largely unfamiliar to readers without OT exposure.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be confused with Sufi asceticism or shrine-centered devotion (mazor ziyorati) practiced widely in Uzbek folk religion.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Gunoh is the standard shared term, but Islamic anthropology (fitrat, humans born sinless) resists inherited universal sinfulness; Romans 5:12-19's doctrine of inherited sin needs explicit teaching support.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: Full phrase required, never softened to a servant euphemism.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Qur'an 112:3 states Allah 'neither begets nor is begotten.' Xudoning O'g'li must be taught as eternal, non-physical Sonship within the Godhead, explicitly distinguished from literal biological offspring.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablements for the church's benefit, not karomat (a Sufi saint's miraculous personal endowment) or a mark of individual spiritual rank.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  Always pair ruhiy with in'om; karomat specifically denotes a miraculous endowment attributed to Sufi saints in Central Asian devotional tradition and must not be used.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term shared with everyday shukur vocabulary; low doctrinal risk and a genuine point of resonance.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term shared with everyday Islamic-influenced shukur vocabulary.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  Islamic anthropology (fitrat, humans born sinless) resists inherited, universal sinfulness; Romans' 'all have sinned' must be taught as a deliberate claim, not softened into 'most people sin sometimes.'

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No ethnic or national barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universality even against millat (nation/ethno-religious community) identity categories.

  ROM.1.16