Passage
Romans 10
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Doctrine
Evangelism
Evangelism toward those registered under a different official religion carries real legal and social sensitivity in Indonesia; use language of witness and proclamation, never framing that could read as targeting conversion by inducement.
ROM.10.14-15
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Doctrine
Faith
Iman shares its name with the Islamic six pillars of faith; must be anchored to personal trust in Christ specifically, not generic religious assent.
ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17
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Glossary Term
Faith
Iman is the established Bible term but is also the foundational Islamic concept of the six pillars of faith (rukun iman: belief in Allah, angels, books, prophets, the day of judgment, and divine decree).
ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Historical, redemptive-historical fulfillment (OT to NT); should not be read through the lens of Islamic prophetic succession culminating in Muhammad.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
Non-Jews; never use orang kafir (unbeliever/infidel, a loaded Islamic theological category), which imports an entirely different classification than the New Testament's ethnic Jew/Gentile distinction.
ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Gospel
Injil is also the Quranic name for a scripture Muslims believe was given to Isa and later lost or corrupted; must be anchored specifically to the New Testament proclamation of Christ crucified and risen.
ROM.10.15-16
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Injil is the established Indonesian Bible term, but it is also the Quranic name for the revelation Muslims believe was given to Isa (Jesus) and later lost or corrupted.
ROM.10.15-16
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Glossary Term
Imputed Righteousness
Righteousness credited by God, not earned.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Intercession
CRITICAL: Syafaat is specifically the Islamic doctrine of intercession, primarily associated with Muhammad's intercession for believers on judgment day.
ROM.10.1
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established form.
ROM.10.12
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Glossary Term
Jesus
CRITICAL: Never use Nabi Isa, the Islamic framing of Jesus as a prophet who, per mainstream Islamic teaching, was not crucified (Quran 4:157).
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Glossary Term
Justification
CRITICAL: The forensic declaration of right standing has no equivalent concept in Islamic soteriology, where standing before God is determined by the weighing of deeds and God's mercy, not a substitutionary legal verdict.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Law
The Mosaic Law, anchored to Taurat (Torah).
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Lord
In Romans 10:9 the confession 'Jesus is Lord' = Yesus adalah Tuhan.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
Romans 10:9's confession is the salvation-defining statement.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
CRITICAL: Syafaat is a specific, named Islamic doctrine tied to Muhammad's future intercession at judgment.
ROM.10.1
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
A distinctively biblical-Indonesian term with less Islamic vocabulary overlap than 'prophet' itself; low risk.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
Right standing before God received by faith.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: Islamic soteriology frames ultimate standing before God as submission plus deeds weighed against mercy at judgment, categorically different from salvation secured once through faith in a finished, substitutionary atoning death.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: Keselamatan is the established Bible term, but Islamic soteriology frames ultimate standing before God as submission (islam) plus deeds weighed against God's mercy at judgment, not a salvation secured once through faith in a finished, substitutionary atoning death.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Must never be rendered with orang kafir (infidel/unbeliever), which imports a loaded Islamic theological category rather than the New Testament's ethnic Jew/Gentile distinction.
ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
No ethnic or religious-community barrier to the gospel; must retain unqualified universality in a society organized significantly around religious-community (agama) identity categories.
ROM.10.12-13