Passage
Romans 3
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Doctrine
Faith
Iman shares its name with the Islamic six pillars of faith; must be anchored to personal trust in Christ specifically, not generic religious assent.
ROM.3.22-28
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Glossary Term
Faith
Iman is the established Bible term but is also the foundational Islamic concept of the six pillars of faith (rukun iman: belief in Allah, angels, books, prophets, the day of judgment, and divine decree).
ROM.3.22-28
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Historical, redemptive-historical fulfillment (OT to NT); should not be read through the lens of Islamic prophetic succession culminating in Muhammad.
ROM.3.21
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
Non-Jews; never use orang kafir (unbeliever/infidel, a loaded Islamic theological category), which imports an entirely different classification than the New Testament's ethnic Jew/Gentile distinction.
ROM.3.29-30
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Doctrine
Grace
Unmerited favor secured through Christ must be distinguished from rahmat (Allah's general mercy) and pahala (merit earned through deeds and weighed at judgment).
ROM.3.24
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Glossary Term
Grace
Rahmat (God's mercy/compassion, a core Islamic attribute of Allah) and pahala (merit earned through good deeds, weighed at judgment) both describe favor bound up with human deeds or divine disposition rather than an unconditional, unearned gift secured through Christ.
ROM.3.24
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established form.
ROM.3.29-30
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Glossary Term
Law
The Mosaic Law, anchored to Taurat (Torah).
ROM.3.21
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
A distinctively biblical-Indonesian term with less Islamic vocabulary overlap than 'prophet' itself; low risk.
ROM.3.21
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Glossary Term
Sin
Moral transgression against a personal God; shared vocabulary across Indonesian Muslim and Christian usage with reasonably compatible core meaning, but must be anchored to relational offense rather than left as a purely legal infraction against a code.
ROM.3.23
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Must never be rendered with orang kafir (infidel/unbeliever), which imports a loaded Islamic theological category rather than the New Testament's ethnic Jew/Gentile distinction.
ROM.3.29-30
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Doctrine
Universal Human Accountability
All humanity stands equally guilty before a personal God; must be retained without softening into a deeds-weighing framework where sufficient good deeds could offset sin.
ROM.3.23