Passage

Romans 5

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Iman shares its name with the Islamic six pillars of faith; must be anchored to personal trust in Christ specifically, not generic religious assent.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Iman is the established Bible term but is also the foundational Islamic concept of the six pillars of faith (rukun iman: belief in Allah, angels, books, prophets, the day of judgment, and divine decree).

  ROM.5.1-2

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor secured through Christ must be distinguished from rahmat (Allah's general mercy) and pahala (merit earned through deeds and weighed at judgment).

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  Rahmat (God's mercy/compassion, a core Islamic attribute of Allah) and pahala (merit earned through good deeds, weighed at judgment) both describe favor bound up with human deeds or divine disposition rather than an unconditional, unearned gift secured through Christ.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Christ's humanity was fully real physical existence; must be affirmed alongside, not instead of, his full deity, since Islamic theology affirms Jesus's humanity but denies his deity entirely.

  ROM.5.15

• Glossary Term

  Peace

  In Romans 5:1, relational peace with God through justification, not merely the absence of conflict or the greeting-word 'salam.'

  ROM.5.1

• Doctrine

  Peace with God

  Relational, covenantal peace secured through justification, not merely the absence of conflict.

  ROM.5.1