Passage
Romans 6
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Doctrine
Christian Identity in Christ
Identity is located in union with Christ, not in official registered religious-community (agama) status or accumulated deeds.
ROM.6.1-11
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Doctrine
Grace
Unmerited favor secured through Christ must be distinguished from rahmat (Allah's general mercy) and pahala (merit earned through deeds and weighed at judgment).
ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15
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Glossary Term
Grace
Rahmat (God's mercy/compassion, a core Islamic attribute of Allah) and pahala (merit earned through good deeds, weighed at judgment) both describe favor bound up with human deeds or divine disposition rather than an unconditional, unearned gift secured through Christ.
ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15
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Glossary Term
Holy
Kudus is the established Bible term for moral and relational holiness; suci leans toward ritual purity or ceremonial cleanliness and is used more broadly across Indonesian religious contexts generally.
ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22
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Glossary Term
Holy Spirit
CRITICAL: Islamic theology has its own 'Ruh al-Qudus' (Holy Spirit), but this typically identifies the angel Gabriel who delivered revelation to Muhammad, a created being, not a divine Person of the Trinity.
ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22
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Glossary Term
Resurrection
Islam affirms a general bodily resurrection of all people at the day of judgment, so the concept of resurrection itself is not foreign, but Christ's specific, historical resurrection as vindication of his divine sonship and firstfruits of believers' own resurrection must be distinguished from that generic end-times expectation.
ROM.6.4-5
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Doctrine
Resurrection of Christ
Islam affirms a general resurrection at judgment day but denies Jesus was crucified at all (Quran 4:157), making his specific historical resurrection, not just resurrection in general, the point requiring careful distinction.
ROM.6.4-5
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Doctrine
Sanctification
The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy; a well-established Indonesian Christian concept with comparatively low syncretism risk.
ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22
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Glossary Term
Sanctification
The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy.
ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22
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Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Must not be confused with formal religious devotion practices (ibadah) understood as ritual obligations; biblical separation is devoted service to God flowing from relationship, not ritual compliance.
ROM.6.22