Passage
Romans 8
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Glossary Term
Abba
Aramaic term of intimacy preserved in Romans 8:15.
ROM.8.15, ROM.8.23
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Glossary Term
Adoption
Full legal son-status with inheritance rights.
ROM.8.15, ROM.8.23
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Doctrine
Adoption into God's Family
Because Islamic theology treats any parent-child language applied to Allah with extreme caution, this doctrine needs explicit legal/relational framing distinguishing adoption from a claim about physical parentage.
ROM.8.15, ROM.8.23
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Doctrine
Assurance of Salvation
Assurance rests on God's unchanging character and Christ's finished work, not on the uncertain outcome of a deeds-weighing judgment as in Islamic eschatology.
ROM.8.1, ROM.8.28-39
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Calling
Noun form for the act/state of being called.
ROM.8.28-30
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Doctrine
Christian Identity in Christ
Identity is located in union with Christ, not in official registered religious-community (agama) status or accumulated deeds.
ROM.8.1
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's personal call must be distinguished from takdir (impersonal divine decree/fate in Islamic theology).
ROM.8.28-30
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not takdir (impersonal fixed decree).
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign personal choice, not takdir (Islamic divine decree/fate, qadar), which frames the outcome as a fixed, impersonal decree rather than a personal relationship of choosing.
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Father
CRITICAL: Islamic theology treats parent-child language applied to Allah as approaching blasphemy, since it can be heard as implying physical procreation, which the Quran explicitly denies.
ROM.8.15, ROM.8.23
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Doctrine
Incarnation
CRITICAL: Islamic theology (tanzih) holds God's transcendence makes it inconceivable for him to take on physical or human form.
ROM.8.3
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Glossary Term
Incarnation
CRITICAL: Islamic theology holds to tanzih, God's absolute transcendence and incomparability, and rejects the idea that God takes on physical or human form.
ROM.8.3
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Glossary Term
Intercession
CRITICAL: Syafaat is specifically the Islamic doctrine of intercession, primarily associated with Muhammad's intercession for believers on judgment day.
ROM.8.26-27
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Glossary Term
Peace
In Romans 5:1, relational peace with God through justification, not merely the absence of conflict or the greeting-word 'salam.'
ROM.8.6
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Doctrine
Peace with God
Relational, covenantal peace secured through justification, not merely the absence of conflict.
ROM.8.6
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
CRITICAL: Syafaat is a specific, named Islamic doctrine tied to Muhammad's future intercession at judgment.
ROM.8.26-27
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Doctrine
Providence
God's personal, purposive care; never takdir (impersonal fixed decree/fate).
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Providence
God's personal, purposive care; never takdir (impersonal divine decree/fate).
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Resurrection
Islam affirms a general bodily resurrection of all people at the day of judgment, so the concept of resurrection itself is not foreign, but Christ's specific, historical resurrection as vindication of his divine sonship and firstfruits of believers' own resurrection must be distinguished from that generic end-times expectation.
ROM.8.11
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Doctrine
Resurrection of Christ
Islam affirms a general resurrection at judgment day but denies Jesus was crucified at all (Quran 4:157), making his specific historical resurrection, not just resurrection in general, the point requiring careful distinction.
ROM.8.11
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Glossary Term
Son Of God
CRITICAL: The single most theologically sensitive term in this Language Package.
ROM.8.3, ROM.8.29
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Doctrine
Sonship of Christ
CRITICAL: The single most theologically explosive doctrine in this registry, given the Quran's explicit and repeated denial that Allah has a son.
ROM.8.3, ROM.8.29