Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Established, unambiguous term.

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Apostol is unambiguous and consistent across Romanian Christian traditions.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: Romans 1:1 (called to apostleship), 1:7 (called to be saints), 8:28-30 (effectual calling).

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Orthodox culture has a strong, historically prominent monastic vocation tradition ('chemare monahală'); as with Catholic-heritage 'vocación'/'vocação,' this risks narrowing the general call of every believer in Romans to a specialized religious calling.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ; avoid conflating with the specifically Eucharistic sense of 'comuniune' in Orthodox liturgical usage.

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  Relational covenant bond.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Standard proper name.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  Requires explicit Old Testament background (2 Samuel 7); no analogous concept assumed in general Romanian culture outside liturgical familiarity with the Psalms.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: co-equal divine nature, fully affirmed by Orthodox Christology (Nicene-Chalcedonian); primary risk is simplification rather than syncretism in this language.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's sovereign call to every believer must be distinguished from the culturally strong Orthodox category of 'chemare monahală,' a call to monastic life.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Standard term.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ, not generalized religious devotion or inherited Orthodox cultural identity by birth.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically, not generalized religious devotion or inherited Orthodox cultural identity.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  'Părtășie' is the more common Evangelical/Cornilescu-tradition term; 'comuniune' carries stronger Orthodox liturgical (Eucharistic) association.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment (Old Testament to New Testament); generally well-supported by Orthodox liturgical use of OT readings, though systematic OT background may still need reinforcement.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  Orthodox liturgy uses 'slavă' constantly in doxological formulas ('Slavă Tatălui și Fiului și Sfântului Duh'); this is a cultural asset rather than a risk, since glory-language already resonates deeply through lived Orthodox liturgical life.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  Standard and unambiguous across all Romanian Christian traditions.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  Must be distinguished from a generic uplifting message; the gospel is the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ crucified and risen.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Standard term shared by Orthodox, Catholic (minority), and Protestant Romanian Bibles alike.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Real physical human nature; well-supported by Orthodox iconographic and liturgical tradition, which insists on Christ's full, depictable humanity (a key argument in the iconoclasm controversy).

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  Orthodox theology strongly emphasizes the incarnation as the basis for theosis and human deification (following Athanasius).

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  Orthodox theology, following Athanasius ('God became man so that man might become god'), strongly emphasizes the incarnation as the basis for theosis and human deification.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Orthodox theology holds Scripture and Holy Tradition (Sfânta Tradiție) together as jointly authoritative, similar in structure to the Catholic Scripture-and-Magisterium relationship but with distinct Orthodox content (patristic consensus, ecumenical councils, liturgical tradition).

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  CRITICAL spelling note, not doctrinal: Romanian Orthodox Bibles use 'Iisus' (double-i, reflecting the Greek Ἰησοῦς transliteration through Church Slavonic tradition), while the Cornilescu Protestant translation uses 'Isus.' This Language Package standardizes on 'Iisus' per Orthodox Synodal Bible convention given Romania's Orthodox-majority audience, while noting 'Isus' as the expected form in Evangelical/Protestant-facing material.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: Orthodox theology tends to read îndreptățire as being made actually righteous through ongoing transformation toward theosis, integrated with sanctification, rather than as a separate forensic declaration as in Western Protestant (Reformed) theology assumed by the Cornilescu translation tradition.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  The Mosaic law/Torah; standard and unambiguous.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9's confession requires exclusive, supreme lordship.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9's confession requires exclusive, supreme lordship over the whole of life.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: the unique, Old Testament-promised Anointed One fulfilled exclusively in Jesus.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: the unique, Old Testament-promised Anointed One fulfilled exclusively in Iisus Hristos.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  Standard term.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  Standard term; low colonial-connotation risk, but requires OT/mission-history background many culturally Orthodox but non-catechized readers may lack.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from faith, not compliance with ecclesiastical ordinances, fasting rules, or the liturgical calendar, which risk becoming the default referent of religious obedience in an Orthodox-majority culture with a rich observance calendar.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  Standard, unambiguous rendering.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  Standard, unambiguous rendering.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration; standard term.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  God's spokesperson; standard term.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL, but uniquely in this Language Package, resurrection is a doctrinal asset as much as a risk: Învierea is the central event of the Orthodox liturgical calendar, and 'Hristos a înviat!' ('Christ is risen!') is the most widely known liturgical exchange in Romanian culture, with Orthodox Easter typically carrying more cultural weight than Christmas.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL, but also a doctrinal asset: Învierea is the central feast of Romanian Orthodox liturgical life, arguably more culturally central than Christmas.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: right standing before God granted through faith.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  CRITICAL: every believer is called 'sfânt' in Romans 1:7; Orthodox popular piety reserves 'sfinți' overwhelmingly for canonized figures venerated through icons, relics, and intercessory prayer.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Orthodox theology understands mântuire primarily as theosis, a lifelong synergistic process, rather than primarily a one-time forensic declaration.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: standard term across Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant Romanian Bibles alike — unlike most terms in this glossary, there is no rival word to reject.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and covenant fulfillment.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Risk of conflation with the specifically monastic category of being 'set apart,' rather than the calling of every believer to devoted service within ordinary life.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Moral transgression before a personal, holy God; standard and well understood in Orthodox culture.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: full phrase required.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship, not the adoptive 'fii ai lui Dumnezeu' sense Romans 8 applies to believers who are being drawn toward theosis but remain creatures, not begotten Sons.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablements distributed across the whole congregation (Romans 12), not gifts reserved especially for monastic elders (stareți) or spiritual fathers (duhovnici) as Orthodox eldership tradition might suggest by association.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  Orthodox monastic and eldership tradition associates especially vivid spiritual gifts (discernment, prophecy) with monastic elders (stareți) and spiritual fathers (duhovnici); Romans 12 addresses gifts distributed across the whole congregation, not a specialized monastic class.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term; minimal risk.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  All humanity equally guilty before God; retain unqualified universal language.

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No ethnic or national barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universal language rather than softening it toward an ethnically or nationally bounded sense of Orthodox identity.

  ROM.1.16