Passage
Romans 11
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Glossary Term
Apostle
Established Thai Christian term for a directly commissioned, authoritative sent-one; อาจารย์ใหญ่ (senior teacher) understates the delegated authority.
ROM.11.13
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Doctrine
Apostleship
Risk of reducing apostleship to a respected senior teacher (อาจารย์ใหญ่) role rather than a directly commissioned, authoritative sent-one.
ROM.11.13
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not fixed karmic destiny (เวรกรรม) or astrological fatalism (ดวง).
ROM.11.29
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Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign personal choice, not โชคชะตา/เวรกรรม (karma-fixed destiny determined by past-life actions).
ROM.11.29
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
Non-Jews; established term.
ROM.11.17-24
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Doctrine
Grace
CRITICAL: Grace as unearned favor cuts directly against บุญ (merit-making) and บารมี (accumulated moral perfection), concepts embedded in daily Thai religious and civic life.
ROM.11.5-6
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Glossary Term
Grace
CRITICAL: Never use บุญ (merit) or กรรมดี (good karma), and never บารมี (accumulated charisma/perfection built over lifetimes, a concept applied to both monks and the monarchy).
ROM.11.5-6
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Glossary Term
Imputed Righteousness
Righteousness credited by God, not earned.
ROM.11.11
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established Thai Bible form.
ROM.11.17-24
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Glossary Term
Justification
Compound phrase required; no single Thai word carries the forensic sense.
ROM.11.11
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Doctrine
Providence
God's personal, purposive care, not เวรกรรม (impersonal karmic cause and effect) or ดวง (astrological fortune).
ROM.11.33-36
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Glossary Term
Providence
God's personal, purposive governance; never เวรกรรม (karmic law) or ดวง (astrological fortune).
ROM.11.33-36
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
CRITICAL: Never use บุญกุศล (merit and wholesome karma) or generic ความดี (goodness).
ROM.11.11
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: Never การบรรลุนิพพาน (attaining nibbana).
ROM.11.11
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: NEVER use การบรรลุนิพพาน (attaining nibbana) or การหลุดพ้น (liberation from the cycle of rebirth).
ROM.11.11
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Challenges any notion that Thai-Buddhist identity carries inherent religious priority over ethnic or religious minorities; must be rendered with full theological clarity.
ROM.11.17-24