Passage

Romans 5

• Doctrine

  Faith

  The cognate ศรัทธา (Buddhist devotional confidence) exists in Thai and lowers total incomprehension risk, but the object of faith must be clearly a person, Christ, not a set of teachings verified by practice.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Object of faith must always be specified as Christ.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Doctrine

  Grace

  CRITICAL: Grace as unearned favor cuts directly against บุญ (merit-making) and บารมี (accumulated moral perfection), concepts embedded in daily Thai religious and civic life.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  CRITICAL: Never use บุญ (merit) or กรรมดี (good karma), and never บารมี (accumulated charisma/perfection built over lifetimes, a concept applied to both monks and the monarchy).

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Christ's humanity was fully real physical existence, not a temporary manifestation of a deity as in stories of Hindu-derived deities appearing in human or animal form.

  ROM.5.15

• Glossary Term

  Peace

  In Romans 5:1, relational peace with God through justification, not the meditative mental calm (ความสงบทางใจ) pursued through Buddhist mindfulness practice.

  ROM.5.1

• Doctrine

  Peace with God

  Relational, covenantal peace secured through justification, not meditative mental calm pursued through Buddhist mindfulness practice.

  ROM.5.1