Passage
Romans 9
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Glossary Term
Abba
Aramaic term of intimacy preserved in Romans 8:15.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Adoption
Full legal son-status with inheritance rights.
ROM.9.4
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Doctrine
Adoption into God's Family
Thai custom recognizes formal adoption, so the emphasis needed is that this sonship is full, permanent, and comes with complete inheritance rights, not a lesser or fostered status.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Calling
Never conflate with โชคชะตา (fixed fate/destiny), a common Thai folk-astrological frame for a person's life path.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
A relational, binding bond initiated by God; more than a negotiated agreement (ข้อตกลง).
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
David
Established Thai Bible proper-name form.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires explicit OT background teaching; there is no analogous royal-line covenant concept in Thai religious tradition, though the concept of a divinely sanctioned royal line is culturally familiar and can be used as a teaching bridge with care.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: Co-equal, eternal divine nature; not a deva (เทวดา) or an enlightened teacher elevated by merit, and not merely a wielder of the same royal-honorific vocabulary applied to the Thai monarchy.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's sovereign call must be distinguished from โชคชะตา (fixed astrological destiny) and from a revocable social invitation.
ROM.9.11-12
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not fixed karmic destiny (เวรกรรม) or astrological fatalism (ดวง).
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign personal choice, not โชคชะตา/เวรกรรม (karma-fixed destiny determined by past-life actions).
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Father
God as personal, relational Father.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Glory
บารมี (the accumulated moral perfection and charisma attributed to great monks and to the monarchy across lifetimes) must never substitute for พระสิริ; God's glory is his own inherent radiance and honor, not something built up over time.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
God
CRITICAL: Never use เทวดา (a deva, one of many minor deities in the Buddhist-Brahmanic cosmology) or พระพรหม (Brahma, worshipped at popular shrines such as the Erawan Shrine).
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: Never use พระศรีอริยเมตไตรย (Phra Si Ariya Metrai), the future Buddha of popular Thai millenarian expectation.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: Must not be conflated with popular Thai expectation of Phra Si Ariya Metrai (the future Buddha Maitreya).
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise.
ROM.9.5