Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Same collision with Muhammad's title as in Arabic, with an added Shia layer: the Imamate's claim to unique ongoing authoritative succession after Muhammad can implicitly compete with any claim to authoritative apostolic office.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Collides with Muhammad's rasul title as in Arabic, with an added Shia dimension: the Imamate's claim to unique ongoing authoritative succession can implicitly compete with any claim to authoritative apostolic office.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  Shia Islam's Imamate doctrine of specific divine appointment can serve as a bridge concept, but its lineage-based, ongoing-office content must not be imported onto Romans 9's election to salvation through faith.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  Unlike Sunni qadar-fatalism, Shia Islam has its own robust doctrine of specific divine election - God appointing Ali and his descendants as the Imamate's infallible successors.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  امت‌ها (ommat-ha) shares the loaded Ummah root; the more neutral descriptive غیریهودیان ('non-Jews') avoids that association.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Feyz's Persian philosophical loading (divine emanation, an automatic ontological overflow) must be corrected toward a freely willed, personal gift secured through Christ, apart from merit.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  Feyz carries a distinct Persian philosophical loading: in Illuminationist and Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Theosophy, 'feyz' denotes divine emanation - being automatically overflowing from God into creation, a metaphysical process rather than a freely willed, unmerited gift.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Iran's state ideology maintains an unusually intense, officially propagandized anti-Israel stance as a pillar of foreign policy, arguably even more totalizing for an Iranian audience than the general Arab-world association.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: compound phrase required to convey the forensic declaration - 'to be counted/reckoned as righteous' - rather than a process of becoming righteous through deeds.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care; keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  Leans toward wise divine governance rather than raw fatalistic decree; still keep distinct from folk qadar-style fatalism.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: پارسایی (parsa'i, piety/virtue) carries a Zoroastrian-inflected ethical-purity connotation, tied to Zoroastrianism's own good-thoughts/good-words/good-deeds ethical triad - an achievement-of-virtue framework.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: beyond the shared deeds-weighing (mizan) framework, popular Shia piety's Karbala/Hussein martyrdom-intercession devotion offers a superficially similar but categorically distinct pattern (an innocent holy figure's suffering benefiting those who honor it) that must be carefully distinguished from Christ's unique, sufficient atonement.

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: beyond the shared Islamic deeds-weighing (mizan) framework, Persian/Shia popular piety has an especially developed doctrine of intercession through the martyred Imam Hussein's suffering at Karbala (widely believed to secure forgiveness for those who properly mourn him).

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Requires careful pastoral framing given Iran's officially propagandized anti-Israel political stance; Romans 9-11's redemptive-historical argument must not be flattened into or read as commentary on present state politics.

  ROM.11.17-24