Passage
Romans 9
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Glossary Term
Abba
Aramaic term of filial intimacy preserved in Romans 8:15; retained as a transliteration rather than reduced to formal पिता alone.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Adoption
दत्तकग्रहणम् (the classical dharmaśāstra term for formal legal adoption, discussed with specific inheritance-share rules in texts like the Dattaka Mīmāṃsā literature) is available and not wrong, but the fuller descriptive phrase is preferred here to foreground full inheritance rights without importing dharmaśāstra's specific partial-share adoption rules, which do not match Romans' picture of complete heirship.
ROM.9.4
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Doctrine
Adoption into God's Family
Full son-status with complete inheritance rights, deliberately not modeled on dharmaśāstra's dattaka-grahaṇa adoption rules, which specify partial inheritance shares incompatible with Romans' picture of complete heirship.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1, called to apostleship; in 1:7, called to be saints; in 8:28-30, effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Calling
Noun form sharing its root with 'called'; translators should be aware this term's ordinary Vedic sense is a human ritual act toward a deity, so its use here for God's initiative toward humans should be flagged at first occurrence.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
वाचा (speech/word) is avoided because it activates Vāc theology: in Ṛgvedic and later Mīmāṃsā thought, Vāc is a cosmic principle of speech, and Mīmāṃsā holds the Veda's very sound-form to be eternal (śabda-brahman) -- a rich but unrelated doctrine that would distract from covenant's relational-promise sense.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
David
Proper name, transliterated consistent with the Serampore Sanskrit New Testament tradition.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires explicit Old Testament background explanation; no analogous royal-lineage covenant concept exists in classical Sanskrit political or religious literature.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: Co-equal divine nature, not divine promotion, and not Īśvara-as-māyā-conditioned-manifestation-of-nirguṇa-Brahman (see 'lord' entry in translation_memory.json).
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's sovereign call must be distinguished from human ritual invocation of a deity (the ordinary Vedic sense of āhvāna) and from karma-determined destiny.
ROM.9.11-12
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that ensures the salvation of the called, not an impersonal karmic or fated outcome (daiva).
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign personal choice, not भाग्यम् (fortune) or दैवम् -- the latter a genuine philosophical category debated in texts like the Mahābhārata's daiva-puruṣakāra discussions (the relative weight of fate versus human effort), not the same as a personal God's deliberate choice of specific people.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Father
God as personal Father.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Glory
तेजस् is rejected because in Sāṃkhya cosmology and Purāṇic narrative it names a specific metaphysical substance -- radiant potency or energy -- famously the combined tejas of the gods from which the goddess Durgā is formed in the Devī Māhātmyam.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
God
CRITICAL: this glossary follows the historical precedent set by the 17th-century Jesuit missionary Roberto de Nobili, who worked in Sanskrit-influenced Tamil theological vocabulary and deliberately chose 'Sarvēśvara' (Lord OF ALL) over 'Dēva' specifically because Dēva is heard as one deity among the many devāḥ of Vedic and Puranic religion.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Messiah
Transliterated term.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: Messiah is a specific Jewish Old Testament concept fulfilled exclusively in Jesus.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment via the ablative वंशात् ('from the lineage').
ROM.9.5