Passage

Romans 16

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ; note the uncomfortable root-resonance between al-sharikah and shirk (idolatrous partnership), even though the senses are unrelated.

  ROM.16.3-16

• Glossary Term

  Church

  الأمة (ummah) is the specific pan-Islamic term for the worldwide community of Muslims and must never be borrowed for 'church.' In everyday usage al-kanisah often denotes the physical building of a minority religious community rather than the living, gathered people of God; reinforce the latter sense explicitly.

  ROM.16.1-16

• Doctrine

  Church as God's People

  New covenant community, not merely the physical building of a marked minority-religion enclave, which is the dominant everyday sense of al-kanisah in many contexts.

  ROM.16.1-16

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  الشركة shares its ش-ر-ك root with shirk (associating partners with God, Islam's cardinal sin) - an uncomfortable resonance even though the senses are unrelated.

  ROM.16.3-16

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  CRITICAL: 'Islam' itself means submission - obedience is the religion's defining category, not a downstream fruit of belief.

  ROM.16.26

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  CRITICAL: 'Islam' itself means submission/obedience - it is the defining category of the entire religion, not a downstream fruit of belief.

  ROM.16.26

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Shukr is also a major Islamic virtue; broadly compatible, low risk.

  ROM.16.4

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Shukr is also a major Islamic virtue (paired with sabr, patience).

  ROM.16.4