Adoption

CRITICAL: the Quran (33:4-5) explicitly restricts adoption - adopted sons are declared not to be true sons and must be called by their biological father’s name, denying full filial/inheritance status. الاستلحاق (a weaker fiqh affiliation without inheritance rights) is even more restrictive and explicitly rejected. Romans 8:15-17’s adoption must be taught as conferring full son-status and full inheritance, directly against the Islamic legal default.