Passage
Romans 3
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Doctrine
Faith
Islamic iman is primarily creedal assent to six articles of belief, paired with practice; Pauline faith is personal trust/reliance in Christ specifically.
ROM.3.22-28
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Glossary Term
Faith
Iman is one of Islam's six articles of belief - primarily creedal assent paired with practice (islam) and excellence (ihsan).
ROM.3.22-28
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Islamic naskh (abrogation) doctrine treats later revelation as superseding earlier revelation; Romans' claim that Christ fulfills rather than abrogates the OT promise needs deliberate framing against this default.
ROM.3.21
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
الكفار (unbelievers) is a loaded Islamic religious-judgment term and must never be used for the ethnic-neutral sense of 'Gentiles.' الأمم (the nations, plural) shares a root with the loaded singular الأمة (Ummah) but the plural generic sense is safe and standard.
ROM.3.29-30
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Doctrine
Grace
Islamic fadl and rahmah both function as favor responsive to obedience.
ROM.3.24
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Glossary Term
Grace
الفضل (Allah's bounty) and الرحمة (mercy, one of Allah's 99 names) both function in Islamic theology as favor responsive to obedience, not favor totally apart from merit.
ROM.3.24
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Glossary Term
Israel
In contemporary spoken Arabic 'Isra'il' is overwhelmingly associated with the modern nation-state and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, not primarily with Jacob's given name or the biblical people.
ROM.3.29-30
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Glossary Term
Law
CRITICAL: established Arabic Bible tradition (Van Dyck) deliberately uses the Greek loanword الناموس for the Mosaic Law rather than الشريعة, because 'shari'a' today overwhelmingly denotes the total Islamic religious-legal-political system.
ROM.3.21
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
Shares root with nabi; low independent risk.
ROM.3.21
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Glossary Term
Sin
Islamic anthropology holds each person is born in a state of natural purity (fitrah) and denies inherited sin - each soul bears only its own deeds on the scale (mizan), not Adam's.
ROM.3.23
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Requires careful pastoral framing given the contemporary political weight of 'Isra'il' in Arabic-speaking contexts (see the 'israel' glossary term); Romans 9-11's redemptive-historical argument must not be flattened into or read as a statement on the present conflict.
ROM.3.29-30
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Doctrine
Universal Human Accountability
Islamic fitrah doctrine holds each person is born in a state of natural purity; Romans' claim that all are guilty in Adam runs against this default and must be taught explicitly, not assumed as shared ground.
ROM.3.23