Passage

Romans 6

• Doctrine

  Christian Identity in Christ

  Identity located in union with Christ, not in tribal (qabila), ethnic, or sectarian (Sunni/Shia) identity markers, which carry unusually strong social weight in many Arab contexts.

  ROM.6.1-11

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Islamic fadl and rahmah both function as favor responsive to obedience.

  ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  الفضل (Allah's bounty) and الرحمة (mercy, one of Allah's 99 names) both function in Islamic theology as favor responsive to obedience, not favor totally apart from merit.

  ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15

• Glossary Term

  Holy

  Shares the ق-د-س root with al-Quds (Jerusalem) and al-Quddus (one of Allah's names) - generally safe shared vocabulary.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Holy Spirit

  CRITICAL: identical phrase appears in the Quran (2:87, 2:253) but mainstream tafsir identifies it there with the angel Jibril (Gabriel), a created being - not a co-equal, co-eternal divine Person.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: al-qiyamah itself is safe, shared vocabulary (Yawm al-Qiyamah = the general Day of Resurrection Islam affirms for all people).

  ROM.6.4-5

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: mainstream Islamic doctrine (Quran 4:157) denies Jesus was crucified at all.

  ROM.6.4-5

• Doctrine

  Sanctification

  The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy, not ritual purification (wudu/ghusl) achieved through washing.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Sanctification

  The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy, not ritual purification (wudu/ghusl) achieved through washing rites.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be confused with Sufi zuhd (world-renunciation/asceticism) or with ritual purification rites; biblical separation is devoted engagement with the world, not withdrawal from it.

  ROM.6.22