Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Stable, shared term across all French Bible traditions.

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Stable, established term; minimal risk of reduction to a generic teacher role.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Use 'appel' for the general believer's calling.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Bare 'communion' is heard first as the Eucharist; must be qualified as 'fraternelle' to convey koinonia.

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  Relational covenant bond, more than a legal contract; 'alliance' also usefully evokes the wedding ring (l'alliance) in French, a helpful relational resonance.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Standard proper name form across all French Bible traditions.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  Requires OT background explanation for readers with low biblical literacy; 'semence de David' is archaic and should be rendered 'descendance de David'.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: co-equal divine nature must not be softened into 'un homme divinement inspiré' or 'un grand prophète'.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  Risk of narrowing 'calling' to 'vocation' in the Catholic clergy/religious-life sense rather than Paul's calling of every believer.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Context-sensitive: use 'supplier' for beseeching; 'exhorter/encourager' for building up.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ, not generic religious identity or affiliation with 'la religion'.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  In secular French, 'la foi' can drift toward generic religiosity or 'la religion' as an institutional label.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  Bare 'communion' is heard first as receiving the Eucharist ('la communion').

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment (OT to NT); no competing cyclical worldview in French culture, but low OT literacy among biblically unchurched readers requires explicit cross-referencing.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  God's radiant honor and presence.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  Secularization risk: 'Dieu' is used as a casual interjection ('Mon Dieu!') and, in academic/philosophical French, can be treated as an abstract deist concept rather than the personal, triune God of Scripture.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  Stable term shared across Catholic and Protestant French Bibles; the term itself is not disputed, though biblical illiteracy in a secularizing France means the content of 'the gospel' can no longer be assumed as common knowledge.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Shared, stable term across Catholic and Protestant French Bibles (Segond, TOB, Bible de Jérusalem).

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Real physical human nature; no competing illusionist worldview in French culture.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  Well-established doctrinal term; the risk is secular flattening via 'incarner' (to embody a role), not a competing religious concept as in Hindi's avatar.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  Well-established doctrinal term (l'Incarnation, Christmas).

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Distinguish God-breathed Scripture from a purely literary or historical-critical reading common in secular French academic culture.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  Stable across all French traditions; no live alternative-name controversy as in some other languages.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: the historic Reformation/Trent flashpoint.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  Capitalize as 'la Loi' for Torah/Mosaic law to distinguish from civil 'loi'.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  Romans 10:9 'Jésus est Seigneur.' 'Seigneur' carries feudal-historical resonance in French ('le seigneur du château'), risking a distant, archaic-title reading rather than a living confession of exclusive Lordship.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  Romans 10:9's confession must not read as one lord among several; 'Seigneur' carries feudal-historical resonance in French that can distance the term from a living, exclusive confession.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  The Anointed One fulfilling OT promise, not one figure among several.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  The specific Jewish OT concept fulfilled exclusively in Jesus must not be flattened into a generic wise-teacher or moral-exemplar figure, a drift risk in a biblically illiterate secular readership.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  France's colonial missionary history (missions catholiques coloniales) carries live postcolonial critique in contemporary French theological discourse; frame mission as gospel proclamation, not cultural conquest.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  France's colonial missionary history means 'mission' carries live postcolonial critique; frame as gospel proclamation, not cultural conquest.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from faith, not a Trent-style 'faith formed by love' merit condition for standing before God.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5, 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  'Puissance' conveys sovereign capability; 'force' is too generic/physical.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  'Puissance', not the weaker 'force', to preserve sovereign capability.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration, not astrological prediction.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  God's spokesperson; avoid 'voyant' (fortune-teller connotation).

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  No competing reincarnation folk-concept in French as there is in Hindi; the real risk is secular naturalism flattening 'résurrection' into a metaphor ('renaissance', 'rebond') rather than a historical, bodily event.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  Bodily, historical, once-for-all event.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  'Justice de Dieu' (Romans 1:17) must be read as God's saving, gift-status righteousness, not human moral virtue.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  All believers are 'saints' in Paul's sense; French 'les saints' overwhelmingly evokes canonized intercessors in ordinary and Catholic usage, a direct risk of narrowing the term to a venerated elite.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  Reconciliation with a personal God through Christ; must not imply salvation is mediated only through institutional membership.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  Stable shared term.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not collapse into monastic withdrawal from the world; biblical separation is devotion to God while remaining engaged in ordinary life.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Secularization risk: colloquial French uses 'péché' loosely for minor indulgence ('péché mignon' = guilty pleasure), which can trivialize the weight of culpable rebellion against God that Romans 1-3 describes.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: full phrase required, conveying eternal, unique Sonship, not a divinely inspired man or messenger.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship, not adoptive or metaphorical sonship as in ordinary human 'adoption filiale'.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Charismatic Catholic renewal and cessationist-leaning Reformed streams read this vocabulary differently; keep gifts explicitly Spirit-given, not natural talent.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  Charismatic Catholic renewal (Renouveau charismatique) and Reformed cessationist-leaning traditions read gifts language differently; keep the phrase Spirit-attributed, not natural-talent language.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term; minor overlap with the Eucharistic 'action de grâce' in Catholic liturgy.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Minor note: the phrase also names the Eucharistic 'action de grâce' in Catholic liturgy; context distinguishes general thanksgiving from the rite.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  Universal guilt before God; watch for colloquial trivialization of 'péché' softening the force of 'all have sinned'.

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No ethnic or social barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universality against any drift toward cultural or national exceptionalism.

  ROM.1.16