Passage
Romans 1
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Glossary Term
Apostle
A native Kurdish word ('the one sent,' from şandin) that avoids the direct collision with Muhammad's Rasul Allah title that the Arabic-derived resûl would carry.
ROM.1.1
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Doctrine
Apostleship
The native word şandî avoids the direct collision with Muhammad's Rasul Allah title that an Arabic-derived rendering would carry.
ROM.1.1
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Glossary Term
Calling
A native compound word for invitation; the direction of address (God calling a person) still needs to be made explicit.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Doctrine
Christian Fellowship
'Heval' carries a secular revolutionary-movement ('comrade') echo in contemporary Kurdish political usage; context should disambiguate from Christian fellowship.
ROM.1.12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
Resonant with Kurdish tribal (aşîret) alliance-making traditions, but such peymans are typically negotiated between relative equals and can be revoked - unlike the unilaterally-initiated, gracious biblical covenant, a distinction that must be taught explicitly.
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
David
Shared, positively-regarded Quranic prophet-king figure; supply the covenant-king typology pointing to Messiah explicitly.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Dawid is a shared, positively-regarded Quranic prophet-king, but without the covenant-king typology pointing forward to a promised messianic heir; this background must be taught, not assumed.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: co-equal divine nature, the paradigm case of shirk from a tawhid standpoint shared regionally.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
Generally everyday invitation-vocabulary; still needs the direction of address (God calling a person) made explicit.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Glossary Term
Exhort
Context-sensitive: şîret kirin (to admonish) for beseeching; handan kirin (to encourage) for building up.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Faith
Shares the region's six-pillars creedal-assent structure; must be anchored as personal trust in Christ specifically.
ROM.1.17
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Glossary Term
Faith
Shares the region's Sunni (predominantly Shafi'i madhhab among Kurds, distinct from the Hanafi madhhab common elsewhere in this batch) six-pillars creedal structure.
ROM.1.17
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Glossary Term
Fellowship
'Heval' (friend) is also the standard term of address within Kurdish leftist and nationalist political movements ('comrade'); hevaltî can carry a secular revolutionary-movement echo that context should be relied on to disambiguate from Christian fellowship.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Naskh (abrogation) doctrine treats later revelation as superseding earlier revelation; Romans' fulfillment argument needs deliberate framing against this default.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Glory
Kurdish classical Sufi poetry (Melayê Cizîrî, Ehmedê Xanî) explores divine majesty and love in richly mystical terms; this can lend devotional weight but must be anchored to Christ's specific, historical glory rather than left as generalized mystical splendor.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
God
CRITICAL: Xwedê is a native word from the same Old Iranian root as Persian's Khoda and Pashto's Khudai, reflecting Kurdish's own status as a Northwestern Iranian language - a genuine independent linguistic asset, not exclusively Arabic/Quranic.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Gospel
Mizgînî is a native Kurdish word, lower risk than Arabic's shared-Quranic-vocabulary Injil; still needs qualification as the specific NT proclamation where the Islamic Încîl/tahrif association is likely.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Gospel
A native Kurdish word for 'good news,' not an Arabic loanword like Injil - a genuine linguistic asset.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Humanity of Christ
Real, physical human nature, not an illusion.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Incarnation
CRITICAL: shares the tawhid objection with Arabic.
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
Incarnation
CRITICAL: shares the tawhid objection with Arabic and Persian.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Inspiration of Scripture
Islamic wahy denotes verbatim divine dictation; biblical inspiration is God moving human authors to write in their own voice.
ROM.1.2
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Glossary Term
Jesus
CRITICAL: as in Persian and Pashto, the small Kurdish Christian presence (historically Assyrian/Chaldean rather than ethnically Kurdish) has not produced a rival native transliteration; 'Îsa' is used without naming controversy.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Justification
CRITICAL: compound phrase ('to be counted/reckoned as just') required to convey the forensic declaration rather than a process of becoming righteous.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Law
CRITICAL: bare 'Şerîet' risks conflation with Islamic law generally, hence the explicit 'of Moses' qualifier.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Lord
CRITICAL: applying supreme, exclusive Lordship to Jesus (Romans 10:9) is the deity claim itself, resisted on the same tawhid grounds as in Arabic and Persian, and must not be softened to mere ownership or leadership.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
CRITICAL: applying supreme Lordship to Jesus (Romans 10:9) is the deity claim itself and must never be softened.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: carries the same pre-loaded Quranic content as Arabic's al-Masih.
ROM.1.3-4
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: Mesîh carries the same pre-loaded Quranic content as Arabic's al-Masih; some Kurdish communities' Alevi or Yarsani beliefs add further distinct divinely-guided-figure expectations worth considering by audience.
ROM.1.3-4
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Glossary Term
Mission
Kurdish is unique in this batch for being split across four different state jurisdictions (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria) with meaningfully different religious-freedom environments; evangelism-related material must be aware that safety implications differ significantly by which state's Kurdish population is the audience.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
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Doctrine
Mission to the Nations
Kurdish spans four state jurisdictions (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria) with meaningfully different religious-freedom environments; safety implications for evangelism vary significantly depending on which population is the audience.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
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Doctrine
Mutual Edification
Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Obedience of Faith
CRITICAL: submission is the defining category of the surrounding Islamic religious culture; must be taught as faith's fruit, never its ground.
ROM.1.5
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Glossary Term
Obedience Of Faith
Shares the region's Islamic submission-as-core-category risk; must be taught as faith's fruit, never its ground.
ROM.1.5
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Glossary Term
Power Of God
Broadly compatible concept; low collision risk beyond standard care.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Power of God for Salvation
Broadly compatible concept; low independent collision risk beyond standard care.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
Low independent risk beyond the prophet entry's own note.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Prophet
Same finality-of-prophethood risk as Arabic's nabi (Muhammad as khatam al-anbiya); must be paired with fuller Christological titles.
ROM.1.2
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Glossary Term
Resurrection
CRITICAL: shares the Quran's crucifixion-denial (4:157) with the region's mainstream Sunni Islam.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Resurrection of Christ
CRITICAL: shares the Quran's crucifixion-denial with the region's Sunni majority; distinctly, minority Yazidi belief in reincarnation ('kiras guhertin') creates a separate, indigenous risk of conflation not present in mainstream regional Islam.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
Rastî (native Kurdish for 'rightness/truth,' from 'rast,' straight/correct) is too thin for Paul's weighty forensic sense, reading as mere correctness.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
Kurdish Sufi 'pîr' culture (hereditary, shrine-venerated spiritual masters) remains socially significant in parts of Kurdistan; Romans 1:7's saints must be taught as all ordinary believers, not this elite class.
ROM.1.7
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: rizgarî is the defining vocabulary of Kurdish political nationalism across all four host states; this doctrine must be anchored firmly to personal, spiritual deliverance from sin, distinct from the national liberation struggle the same word evokes.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: rizgarî and its companion azadî (freedom) are the defining vocabulary of Kurdish political nationalism across all four host states - the century-long stateless liberation struggle is described using exactly these words ('Rizgariya Kurdistanê').
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Must not be confused with the hereditary, shrine-centered spiritual elite status of a Sufi 'pîr'; biblical separation is devoted engagement with the world by all believers, not an elevated office for a few.
ROM.1.1
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Glossary Term
Sin
Shares the region's Islamic fitrah (innate purity) doctrine; Romans 5's federal-headship argument must be taught deliberately against this default.
ROM.1.18
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Glossary Term
Son Of God
CRITICAL: the same Quranic denial (112:3, 19:35) applies.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Sonship of Christ
CRITICAL: the same Quranic denial applies, but Kurdish Sufi 'wahdat al-wujud' philosophy and Yazidi divine-manifestation belief create a distinct inverted risk - too-ready assimilation into a mystical-absorption or repeated-manifestation framework rather than Christ's unique, eternal, ontological sonship.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Spiritual Gifts
Must retain 'giyanî' (spiritual) so it is not read as ordinary talent.
ROM.1.11
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Glossary Term
Spiritual Gifts
Always retain giyanî (spiritual, from giyan, soul) so the phrase is not read as ordinary talent.
ROM.1.11
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Doctrine
Thanksgiving
Standard term with broad positive overlap; low risk.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
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Glossary Term
Thanksgiving
Standard term with broad positive overlap; low risk.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
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Doctrine
Universal Human Accountability
Islamic fitrah doctrine holds each person is born in a state of natural purity; Romans 5's federal-headship argument runs against this default and must be taught deliberately.
ROM.1.18
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Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
Must be framed so as not to be heard as religious pluralism, while retaining the full inclusive force of the text.
ROM.1.16