Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  A native Kurdish word ('the one sent,' from şandin) that avoids the direct collision with Muhammad's Rasul Allah title that the Arabic-derived resûl would carry.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  The native word şandî avoids the direct collision with Muhammad's Rasul Allah title that an Arabic-derived rendering would carry.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  Hilbijartin, the standard word for choosing/election, is also the modern word for democratic elections; God's sovereign choice must be distinguished from a vote or democratic process.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  Also the standard modern Kurdish word for democratic elections (hilbijartinên giştî, general elections), given the region's recent embrace of electoral politics (KRG elections, Rojava's political experiments).

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  Umet carries the loaded pan-Islamic community sense; the descriptive 'ne-cihû' ('non-Jews') avoids that association.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  The Sufi 'keramet' concept reserves extraordinary graces for elevated saints; grace here must be taught as freely given to all believers, not a mark of spiritual rank.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  Kurdistan's rich Sufi heritage (the Naqshbandi revival led by the Kurdish Sheikh Mawlana Khalid) uses the cognate 'keramet' for miracles granted specifically to elevated Sufi saints as marks of spiritual rank.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Unusually for this batch, popular Kurdish sentiment - especially in Iraqi Kurdistan - toward Israel is often notably more favorable than the regional norm, reflecting shared minority-status solidarity and historical Israeli support for Kurdish autonomy; still requires care given real variation across the four host states Kurdish spans.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: compound phrase ('to be counted/reckoned as just') required to convey the forensic declaration rather than a process of becoming righteous.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care; keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive governance; keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism found regionally.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  Rastî (native Kurdish for 'rightness/truth,' from 'rast,' straight/correct) is too thin for Paul's weighty forensic sense, reading as mere correctness.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: rizgarî is the defining vocabulary of Kurdish political nationalism across all four host states; this doctrine must be anchored firmly to personal, spiritual deliverance from sin, distinct from the national liberation struggle the same word evokes.

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: rizgarî and its companion azadî (freedom) are the defining vocabulary of Kurdish political nationalism across all four host states - the century-long stateless liberation struggle is described using exactly these words ('Rizgariya Kurdistanê').

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Kurdish popular sentiment toward Israel, notably in Iraqi Kurdistan, is often more favorable than the regional norm, giving this doctrine a less acutely charged political backdrop than in Arabic or Persian, though variation across the four host states still requires care.

  ROM.11.17-24