Passage

Romans 9

• Glossary Term

  Abba

  Aramaic intimacy-term preserved as in Romans 8:15.

  ROM.9.4

• Glossary Term

  Adoption

  CRITICAL: the same Quranic restriction on adoption (33:4-5) applies across Sunni and Shia Kurdish communities alike.

  ROM.9.4

• Doctrine

  Adoption into God's Family

  CRITICAL: the shared Quranic restriction on adoption is reinforced by Kurdish tribal (aşîret) lineage structures; Romans 8's full inheritance must be taught explicitly against this default.

  ROM.9.4

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.9.11-12

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  A native compound word for invitation; the direction of address (God calling a person) still needs to be made explicit.

  ROM.9.11-12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  Resonant with Kurdish tribal (aşîret) alliance-making traditions, but such peymans are typically negotiated between relative equals and can be revoked - unlike the unilaterally-initiated, gracious biblical covenant, a distinction that must be taught explicitly.

  ROM.9.5

• Glossary Term

  David

  Shared, positively-regarded Quranic prophet-king figure; supply the covenant-king typology pointing to Messiah explicitly.

  ROM.9.5

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  Dawid is a shared, positively-regarded Quranic prophet-king, but without the covenant-king typology pointing forward to a promised messianic heir; this background must be taught, not assumed.

  ROM.9.5

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: co-equal divine nature, the paradigm case of shirk from a tawhid standpoint shared regionally.

  ROM.9.5

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  Generally everyday invitation-vocabulary; still needs the direction of address (God calling a person) made explicit.

  ROM.9.11-12

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  Hilbijartin, the standard word for choosing/election, is also the modern word for democratic elections; God's sovereign choice must be distinguished from a vote or democratic process.

  ROM.9.11-12

• Glossary Term

  Election

  Also the standard modern Kurdish word for democratic elections (hilbijartinên giştî, general elections), given the region's recent embrace of electoral politics (KRG elections, Rojava's political experiments).

  ROM.9.11-12

• Glossary Term

  Father

  CRITICAL: a native Kurdish word, sharing the region's tawhid-anthropomorphism objection to Father-language for God.

  ROM.9.4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  Kurdish classical Sufi poetry (Melayê Cizîrî, Ehmedê Xanî) explores divine majesty and love in richly mystical terms; this can lend devotional weight but must be anchored to Christ's specific, historical glory rather than left as generalized mystical splendor.

  ROM.9.5

• Glossary Term

  God

  CRITICAL: Xwedê is a native word from the same Old Iranian root as Persian's Khoda and Pashto's Khudai, reflecting Kurdish's own status as a Northwestern Iranian language - a genuine independent linguistic asset, not exclusively Arabic/Quranic.

  ROM.9.5

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: carries the same pre-loaded Quranic content as Arabic's al-Masih.

  ROM.9.5

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: Mesîh carries the same pre-loaded Quranic content as Arabic's al-Masih; some Kurdish communities' Alevi or Yarsani beliefs add further distinct divinely-guided-figure expectations worth considering by audience.

  ROM.9.5

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment.

  ROM.9.5