Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Established CUV term; no significant folk-religion collision.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Low collision risk: 使徒 is an established, specific term.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not impersonal fate (命运) or a predestined-connection folk concept (缘分).

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  NEVER use 天命 (Mandate of Heaven) or 命运 (mìngyùn, impersonal fate) or 缘分 (yuánfèn, predestined fortuitous connection, a common folk-Buddhist concept).

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  NEVER use 夷人 (yírén, historically 'barbarian' in the classical Hua-Yi [华夷] distinction between civilized Chinese and outside peoples) — using it would ironically import the very insider/outsider hierarchy Romans 'no distinction' language dismantles.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor directly contradicts the Buddhist merit-accounting worldview (功德, 阴德) present in Chinese folk religion, where good outcomes are earned through accumulated good deeds.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  CRITICAL: NEVER use 功德 (gōngdé) — Buddhist accumulated merit earned through good deeds, transferable and quantifiable.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Proper name; CUV established form.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: established CUV compound, literally 'called/reckoned righteous' — a forensic declaration, not a process.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care; not the impersonal 天意 ('heaven's intention') of everyday fatalistic speech.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  NEVER use 天意 ('heaven's intention/will') alone — a common, impersonal fatalistic phrase in everyday Chinese speech.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: 义 is also one of the Confucian Five Constant Virtues (仁义礼智信) — a social-ethical duty of rightness owed within relationships, cultivated by moral effort.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: NEVER 解脱 (Buddhist liberation from samsara) or 超度 (a posthumous rite performed on behalf of the dead).

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: NEVER use 解脱 (jiětuō) — Buddhist liberation from the cycle of samsara/suffering, the rough functional equivalent of Hindu moksha.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Directly challenges any lingering insider/outsider ethnic hierarchy; must translate with theological clarity rather than softened diplomatic language.

  ROM.11.17-24