Passage
Romans 9
-
Glossary Term
Abba
Aramaic term of intimacy preserved in Romans 8:15 (阿爸父).
ROM.9.4
-
Glossary Term
Adoption
CUV renders Romans 8:15 as receiving 'the status of sonship' rather than a single adoption noun.
ROM.9.4
-
Doctrine
Adoption into God's Family
Full relational son-status with complete inheritance rights; distinguish from the traditional Chinese practice of 过继 (transferring an heir within the clan primarily to continue ancestor-worship obligations), which is instrumental rather than relational.
ROM.9.4
-
Glossary Term
Called
NEVER use 天命所归 ('the one to whom the Mandate of Heaven has returned') — classical Chinese political-legitimacy language for a ruler chosen by an impersonal cosmic mandate.
ROM.9.11-12
-
Glossary Term
Calling
NEVER use 天命 (tiānmìng, Mandate of Heaven) alone for the noun form — it carries a specific, loaded political-theological history (the basis for imperial legitimacy in classical Chinese political thought) that turns a personal divine summons into an impersonal cosmic entitlement.
ROM.9.11-12
-
Glossary Term
Covenant
Relational, divinely initiated covenant bond.
ROM.9.5
-
Glossary Term
David
CUV standard proper name form.
ROM.9.5
-
Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires OT background explanation; no directly analogous concept of a perpetual royal covenant promise exists in Chinese dynastic tradition, where legitimacy is understood as a revocable Mandate of Heaven rather than an unconditional promise to one line.
ROM.9.5
-
Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: co-equal, eternal divine nature — not a human ruler elevated to semi-divine status, as in the historic Chinese emperor's Mandate-of-Heaven-derived legitimacy.
ROM.9.5
-
Doctrine
Divine Calling
Must be kept distinct from 天命 (Mandate of Heaven), the classical Chinese concept of an impersonal cosmic mandate legitimizing a ruler.
ROM.9.11-12
-
Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not impersonal fate (命运) or a predestined-connection folk concept (缘分).
ROM.9.11-12
-
Glossary Term
Election
NEVER use 天命 (Mandate of Heaven) or 命运 (mìngyùn, impersonal fate) or 缘分 (yuánfèn, predestined fortuitous connection, a common folk-Buddhist concept).
ROM.9.11-12
-
Glossary Term
Father
God as personal, caring Father (Abba).
ROM.9.4
-
Glossary Term
Glory
Avoid collapsing into 面子 (miànzi, 'face'/social reputation) or 光宗耀祖 (bringing honor to one's ancestors and lineage) — both reduce God's radiant divine glory to human social status and family honor.
ROM.9.5
-
Glossary Term
God
CRITICAL: this Language Package standardizes on 神 (the CUV 'Shen edition' reading) rather than 上帝 (Shàngdì) to avoid the specific historical association of 上帝 with the pre-Christian Shang/Zhou dynasty high god who was the object of the emperor's exclusive state border sacrifice — a term some 19th-century missionaries favored precisely for continuity with that royal cult.
ROM.9.5
-
Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: 基督 (transliteration of 'Christos') is the CUV standard, used far more than the direct transliteration 弥赛亚 (mísàiyà).
ROM.9.5
-
Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: must not be conflated with Maitreya (弥勒), the future Buddha expected in Chinese Buddhist eschatology to appear and save the world in a coming age — a figure historically invoked by Chinese millenarian folk-religious movements.
ROM.9.5
-
Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment.
ROM.9.5