Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  HIGH: Rasuul is not a generic word in vernacular Somali usage; it functions almost as a proper title for Muhammad ('Rasuulka Ilaah').

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Risk: readers may associate the concept with Rasuul, the specific Islamic title functioning almost as a proper name for Muhammad; this Language Package deliberately avoids that word for 'apostle' (see translation_memory.json).

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Noun form for the act/state of being called by God.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, not clan-bounded brotherhood (walaaltinimo) that would otherwise implicitly exclude believers from other clans.

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  Axdiga (also used for Axdiga Hore/Axdiga Cusub, Old/New Testament) is the established relational-covenant term.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Established Somali Bible proper name, recognizable from the Qur'anic Daa'uud, though the Qur'an presents him as a prophet-king without the messianic covenant content Romans assumes.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  The Qur'anic Daa'uud is a prophet-king without the specific covenant content Romans assumes.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: The single most direct collision with tawhid.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's sovereign call must be distinguished from qaddar-style impersonal fate and from a merely optional religious invitation one may decline without consequence to God's purpose.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Context-sensitive: use baryid (entreat/beseech) for pleading; dhiirigelin (embolden/encourage) for building up.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically, not assent to the pillars of Islamic iimaan in the abstract.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Iimaan is shared with Islamic vocabulary (the pillars of belief).

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment culminating in Christ contrasts with a pattern of successive, largely self-contained prophets each restating the same core message; Romans' cumulative, converging OT argument needs explicit unpacking.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  God's radiant honor and majesty.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  Ilaah is the pre-Islamic Cushitic-root Somali word for God, the settled term used across Somali Bible translation.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  Must be distinguished from Injiilka treated purely as a disputed, allegedly corrupted book.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Injiilka is the established Somali term, shared with the Qur'anic name for the revelation given to Ciise, which Islamic doctrine treats as historically altered (tahriif).

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Islamic theology already affirms Jesus' full, real humanity, so this is common ground; the risk runs opposite to a denial-of-humanity context — readers may over-affirm Christ's humanity and resist the accompanying claim of full deity.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: The eternal Son permanently taking on true human nature.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: The eternal Son permanently, not temporarily, taking on true human nature.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Tahriif (belief that the Bible has been textually corrupted) is widely taught.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  CRITICAL: Ciise is the shared Somali/Qur'anic name for Jesus and alone signals only the Qur'anic prophet-Jesus to most readers.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  A forensic declaration ('having been proven/declared righteous'), not merely forgiveness.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  HIGH: Somali lacks a clean separate word the way some languages distinguish civil/secular law from Islamic law; sharci is used for both.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  Established Somali Bible term.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9 — Ciise waa Rabbiga is the salvation confession and must be rendered without qualification.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: Masiixa is shared with the Qur'anic al-Masih title given to Ciise, but the Qur'an empties it of Old Testament content.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: The Qur'an grants Ciise the al-Masih title but strips it of the OT king-priest-savior content Paul assumes.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  CRITICAL: Open evangelism and conversion from Islam carry extreme, sometimes lethal, risk in Somalia, particularly in areas under armed extremist control.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  Framed here as the broader theme of God's plan for all nations, distinct from the specific, more acutely dangerous evangelism/proclamation activity addressed separately below.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from a faith relationship already secured by grace, not hufnaanta diinta (religious duty-performance) that itself establishes standing before God.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  Awood is the plain, doctrinally clean term for God's ability and power, distinct from xoog (raw physical force) and from qaddar-adjacent fate language common in folk religious speech.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  Awood preferred over xoog (raw force) or qaddar-adjacent power language found in folk religious speech.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration pointing to Christ.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  Nabi is the standard shared Islamic-Somali term, and precisely the (exclusive) category Islamic theology places Jesus into.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: Must affirm real bodily death followed by bodily resurrection.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: Qur'an 4:157 denies Jesus actually died on the cross.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: Never present as equivalent to camal wanaagsan (good deeds), the works-ledger category central to Islamic judgment theology.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  All believers are quduusiinta; this is not an elite class of specially graced figures venerated at tombs (awliyada, wadaaddada) during siyaaro pilgrimage, as Somali Sufi folk practice might suggest.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Salvation received now through Christ's finished work, not an outcome deferred to Allah's undisclosed judgment.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Badbaado ('rescue/deliverance') is the established term for deliverance through Christ's death and resurrection, received now.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be confused with Sufi ascetic withdrawal or with the ritual status of a wadaad (religious specialist) set apart by training rather than by God's direct call.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Dembi is the standard shared term, but Islamic anthropology (fitrah, humans born sinless) resists inherited universal sinfulness; Romans 5:12-19's doctrine of inherited sin needs explicit teaching support.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: Full phrase required, never softened to a servant euphemism.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Qur'an 112:3 states Allah 'neither begets nor is begotten.' Wiilka Ilaah must be taught as eternal, non-physical Sonship within the Godhead, explicitly distinguished from literal biological offspring — a distinction made even more pointed by how seriously Somali culture treats paternal lineage claims.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablements for the church's benefit, not karaamad (a Sufi sheekh's miraculous personal endowment) or a mark of individual spiritual rank.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  Always pair hadiyado with Ruuxa; karaamad specifically denotes a miraculous endowment attributed to Sufi holy figures in Somali devotional tradition and must not be used.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term shared with everyday gratitude-to-God vocabulary; low doctrinal risk and a genuine point of resonance.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term shared with everyday Islamic-influenced gratitude vocabulary (mahad Alle).

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  Islamic anthropology (fitrah, humans born sinless) resists inherited, universal sinfulness; Romans' 'all have sinned' must be taught as a deliberate claim, not softened into 'most people sin sometimes.'

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No ethnic, clan, or national barrier to the gospel.

  ROM.1.16