Passage
Romans 10
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Doctrine
Evangelism
Proselytizing Muslims is restricted under state Islamic administration enactments in Malaysia, carrying real legal risk; use language of proclamation and witness among receptive audiences, and route to human theologian review for pastoral and legal-safety awareness alongside translation accuracy.
ROM.10.14-15
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Doctrine
Faith
Personal trust in Christ specifically, not assent to the pillars of Islamic iman in the abstract.
ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17
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Glossary Term
Faith
Iman is shared with Islamic vocabulary (the pillars of belief: Allah, angels, books, prophets, the last day, qada' and qadar).
ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Linear historical fulfillment culminating in Christ contrasts with a pattern of successive, largely self-contained prophets each restating the same core message; Romans' cumulative, converging OT argument needs explicit unpacking.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
Bangsa bukan Yahudi ('peoples who are not Jewish') is the ethnically neutral Bible term.
ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Gospel
Must be distinguished from Injil treated purely as a disputed, allegedly corrupted book (tahrif).
ROM.10.15-16
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Injil is the established Alkitab (Malay Bible) term, shared with the Qur'anic name for the revelation given to Isa, which Islamic doctrine treats as historically altered (tahrif).
ROM.10.15-16
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Glossary Term
Intercession
CRITICAL: Syafaat Nabi Muhammad is not a fringe folk belief but a standard, formally taught article of mainstream Sunni eschatology in Malaysia.
ROM.10.1
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established Alkitab form.
ROM.10.12
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Glossary Term
Jesus
CRITICAL: The Alkitab (Malay Bible) deliberately uses Yesus rather than the Qur'anic Isa, precisely to keep the full Christian identity of Jesus distinct from the Qur'anic prophet-Isa and to avoid the appearance of an Islamic-vocabulary ('Insider Movement'-style) translation approach.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Glossary Term
Justification
A forensic-legal declaration (being 'made/declared right'), not merely forgiveness.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Law
Refers to the Mosaic law given through the Taurat (Torah).
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Lord
Established Alkitab term (Tuhan Yesus).
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
CRITICAL: Romans 10:9 — Yesus adalah Tuhan is the salvation confession and must be rendered without qualification.
ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
CRITICAL: Syafaat Nabi Muhammad (the Prophet Muhammad's intercession on Judgment Day) is a standard, formally taught article of mainstream Sunni eschatology in Malaysian Islamic education, not a fringe or folk-only belief.
ROM.10.1
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
God-inspired declaration pointing to Christ, an established Alkitab term.
ROM.10.11
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
CRITICAL: Kebenaran can ambiguously mean 'truth/correctness' as well as moral righteousness in everyday Malay; context must make clear this is right standing before God, not merely factual accuracy.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: Salvation received now through Christ's finished work, not an outcome deferred to Allah's undisclosed judgment.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: Keselamatan shares its root with selamat, an extremely common everyday word ('selamat pagi,' good morning; 'selamat datang,' welcome), which risks the doctrine reading as a vague, generic well-wishing rather than a specific, present deliverance secured by Christ.
ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Requires full theological clarity given Malaysia's own ethnic-religious plurality (Malay-Muslim, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous East Malaysian communities) and constitutionally defined categories linking Malay ethnicity to Islam.
ROM.10.12
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Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
No ethnic or national barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universality even against Malaysia's constitutionally significant Malay-Muslim (bumiputera) identity category.
ROM.10.12-13