Passage
Romans 15
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Doctrine
Christ-Centered Ministry
Ministry done in Christ's name and power, for his glory, not generic interfaith goodwill or humanitarian activity divorced from the gospel.
ROM.15.17-21
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Doctrine
Christian Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ, not merely ethnic or bumiputera-linked community solidarity (persaudaraan-style belonging).
ROM.15.24
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Glossary Term
Church
Gereja (from early Portuguese colonial contact, 'igreja') is an established, unambiguous Malay word for the Christian church specifically, distinct from masjid (mosque) and the more religiously generic jemaah.
ROM.15.26
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Doctrine
Church as God's People
New covenant community, not a state-recognized religious body subject to the same civil/Syariah dual-jurisdiction distinctions that structure religious life in Malaysia.
ROM.15.26
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Glossary Term
Covenant
Perjanjian (also used for Perjanjian Lama/Perjanjian Baru, Old/New Testament) is the established relational-covenant term.
ROM.15.12
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Glossary Term
David
Established Alkitab proper name, recognizable from the Qur'anic Dawud, though the Qur'an presents him as a prophet-king without the messianic covenant content Romans assumes.
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
The Qur'anic Dawud is a prophet-king; the specific covenant promise of an eternal royal line fulfilled in the Messiah has no Islamic parallel, though Malay royal-lineage tradition (salasilah diraja) gives dynastic descent claims real cultural resonance to build on.
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Evangelism
Proselytizing Muslims is restricted under state Islamic administration enactments in Malaysia, carrying real legal risk; use language of proclamation and witness among receptive audiences, and route to human theologian review for pastoral and legal-safety awareness alongside translation accuracy.
ROM.15.20
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Glossary Term
Exhort
Context-sensitive: use merayu (entreat/beseech) for pleading; menasihati (advise/encourage) for building up.
ROM.15.2
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Glossary Term
Fellowship
Persekutuan is the established, well-understood Malay Christian term for shared participation in Christ.
ROM.15.24
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Linear historical fulfillment culminating in Christ contrasts with a pattern of successive, largely self-contained prophets each restating the same core message; Romans' cumulative, converging OT argument needs explicit unpacking.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Gentiles
Bangsa bukan Yahudi ('peoples who are not Jewish') is the ethnically neutral Bible term.
ROM.15.7-12
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Doctrine
Gospel
Must be distinguished from Injil treated purely as a disputed, allegedly corrupted book (tahrif).
ROM.15.19-20
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Glossary Term
Gospel
Injil is the established Alkitab (Malay Bible) term, shared with the Qur'anic name for the revelation given to Isa, which Islamic doctrine treats as historically altered (tahrif).
ROM.15.19-20
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Glossary Term
Holy
Kudus = set apart for God, morally pure; shared with the Arabic-loan divine attribute Al-Quddus and used in Roh Kudus.
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Holy Spirit
CRITICAL: Two distinct risks converge here.
ROM.15.16
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Doctrine
Inspiration of Scripture
CRITICAL: Tahrif (belief that the Bible has been textually corrupted) is widely taught, and in Malaysia this intersects with an active legal and political controversy over the very vocabulary (notably 'Allah') used in translating and printing Malay-language Scripture, making this more than a purely doctrinal-confidence question.
ROM.15.4
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Glossary Term
Intercession
CRITICAL: Syafaat Nabi Muhammad is not a fringe folk belief but a standard, formally taught article of mainstream Sunni eschatology in Malaysia.
ROM.15.30-32
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Glossary Term
Israel
Proper name; established Alkitab form.
ROM.15.7-12
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Doctrine
Kingdom Mission
God's reign advancing through the gospel, not a literal government or monarchy — Kerajaan doubles as Malaysia's ordinary word for 'government,' a sensitive double meaning to manage carefully.
ROM.15.12, ROM.15.18-21
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Glossary Term
Kingdom Of God
Kerajaan doubles in modern Malay as the ordinary word for 'government' (Kerajaan Malaysia, the Government of Malaysia) as well as historic Malay sultanates; teaching material must make clear God's Kerajaan is his sovereign reign, not a literal bureaucratic administration or earthly monarchy.
ROM.15.12, ROM.15.18-21
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Glossary Term
Law
Refers to the Mosaic law given through the Taurat (Torah).
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: Established Alkitab usage (Yesus Kristus) deliberately uses the Greek/English-derived Kristus rather than the Qur'anic Al-Masih title, precisely to avoid the appearance of adopting an Islamic-vocabulary ('Insider Movement'-style) translation strategy that has been a significant point of controversy in Malay/Indonesian Bible translation circles.
ROM.15.8-12
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: The Qur'an grants Isa the al-Masih title but strips it of the OT king-priest-savior content Paul assumes.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Mission
Penyebaran Injil ('spreading of the Gospel') is used rather than misi, which carries colonial baggage, or dakwah, the specifically Islamic term for religious outreach.
ROM.15.15-24
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Doctrine
Mission to the Nations
Framed here as the broader theme of God's plan for all nations, distinct from the specific, legally restricted evangelism/proclamation activity addressed separately below.
ROM.15.15-24
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Doctrine
Mutual Edification
Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.
ROM.15.2
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
CRITICAL: Syafaat Nabi Muhammad (the Prophet Muhammad's intercession on Judgment Day) is a standard, formally taught article of mainstream Sunni eschatology in Malaysian Islamic education, not a fringe or folk-only belief.
ROM.15.30-32
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
God-inspired declaration pointing to Christ, an established Alkitab term.
ROM.15.8-12
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Glossary Term
Prophet
Nabi is the standard shared Islamic-Malay term, and precisely the (exclusive) category Islamic theology places Jesus into (Nabi Isa).
ROM.15.4
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Doctrine
Sanctification
The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy, distinguished from ritual purification (penyucian) and from keramat-linked folk-devotional practices.
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Sanctification
The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy.
ROM.15.16
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise.
ROM.15.12
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Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Must not be confused with Sufi ascetic withdrawal or with keramat-site devotion practiced in traditional Malay folk Islam.
ROM.15.16
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Doctrine
Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Requires full theological clarity given Malaysia's own ethnic-religious plurality (Malay-Muslim, Chinese, Indian, and indigenous East Malaysian communities) and constitutionally defined categories linking Malay ethnicity to Islam.
ROM.15.7-12