Passage

Romans 5

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically, not assent to the pillars of Islamic iman in the abstract.

  ROM.5.1-2

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Iman is shared with Islamic vocabulary (the pillars of belief: Allah, angels, books, prophets, the last day, qada' and qadar).

  ROM.5.1-2

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor apart from amal soleh (righteous deeds).

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  Kasih kurnia ('loving favor') is a native Malay-Sanskrit compound rather than an Arabic loanword, established in Alkitab usage specifically to convey unearned favor apart from merit, distinct from rahmat, which still functions within a framework where deeds matter for final judgment.

  ROM.5.2, ROM.5.15-17, ROM.5.20-21

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Islamic theology already affirms Jesus' full, real humanity, so this is common ground; the risk runs opposite to a denial-of-humanity context — readers may over-affirm Christ's humanity and resist the accompanying claim of full deity.

  ROM.5.15

• Glossary Term

  Peace

  In Romans 5:1, damai sejahtera is relational, whole-life peace with God through justification, echoing the fullness of Hebrew shalom well.

  ROM.5.1

• Doctrine

  Peace with God

  Relational, whole-life peace secured through justification by faith, not merely psychological calm (ketenangan) or a routine greeting-register use of 'sejahtera.'

  ROM.5.1