Passage

Romans 6

• Doctrine

  Christian Identity in Christ

  Identity located in union with Christ, not in the constitutionally significant fusion of Malay ethnicity and Islam in Malaysian law and popular usage, which makes leaving Islam feel to many Malay readers like leaving one's ethnic identity itself.

  ROM.6.1-11

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor apart from amal soleh (righteous deeds).

  ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  Kasih kurnia ('loving favor') is a native Malay-Sanskrit compound rather than an Arabic loanword, established in Alkitab usage specifically to convey unearned favor apart from merit, distinct from rahmat, which still functions within a framework where deeds matter for final judgment.

  ROM.6.1, ROM.6.14-15

• Glossary Term

  Holy

  Kudus = set apart for God, morally pure; shared with the Arabic-loan divine attribute Al-Quddus and used in Roh Kudus.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Holy Spirit

  CRITICAL: Two distinct risks converge here.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: Must affirm real bodily death followed by bodily resurrection.

  ROM.6.4-5

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: Qur'an 4:157 denies Jesus actually died on the cross.

  ROM.6.4-5

• Doctrine

  Sanctification

  The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy, distinguished from ritual purification (penyucian) and from keramat-linked folk-devotional practices.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Glossary Term

  Sanctification

  The Spirit's ongoing work of making believers holy.

  ROM.6.19, ROM.6.22

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be confused with Sufi ascetic withdrawal or with keramat-site devotion practiced in traditional Malay folk Islam.

  ROM.6.22