Core Glossary

Core Glossary: 2 Peter — English → Persian

#	English Term	Greek / Transliteration	Persian Rendering	Risk	Baseline Status	Doctrine	Chapter(s)	Notes / Rejected Alternatives
1	myth/fable	μῦθος / mythos	افسانه	Low-Medium	New	Reliability of Scripture	1:16	Contrast eyewitness testimony vs. invented legend.
2	power (of Christ)	δύναμις / dynamis	قدرت	Medium	Baseline reuse (`power_of_god`)	Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:16
3	coming / advent	παρουσία / parousia	بازگشت (آمدن دوباره)	Critical	New	Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:16; 3:4,12	ظهور explicitly REJECTED — direct collision with Twelver Shia ghaybat-o-zohur (Hidden Imam) doctrine.
4	eyewitness	ἐπόπτης / epoptes	شاهد عینی	Low	New	Reliability of Scripture	1:16
5	majesty	μεγαλειότης / megaleiotes	عظمت	Medium	New	Deity of Christ	1:16
6	honor	τιμή / time	عزت	Low	New	Deity of Christ	1:17
7	glory	δόξα / doxa	جلال	Medium	Baseline reuse	Deity of Christ	1:17; 3:18
8	Majestic Glory	μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα / megaloprepēs doxa	جلال عظیم	Medium	New	Deity of Christ	1:17	Circumlocution for God the Father.
9	beloved	ἀγαπητός / agapetos	محبوب	Medium	New	Sonship of Christ	1:17	Caution: Sufi devotional “Beloved” resonance; anchor to historical Transfiguration event.
10	well pleased	εὐδοκέω / eudokeo	خشنود بودن	Low	New	Sonship of Christ	1:17
11	heaven	οὐρανός / ouranos	آسمان	Low	New	—	1:18
12	holy mountain	ἅγιον ὄρος / hagion oros	کوه مقدس	Low-Medium	Partial (holy = baseline reuse)	Reliability of Scripture	1:18	Not a shrine-pilgrimage site; historical event location.
13	prophetic word	προφητικὸς λόγος / prophetikos logos	کلام نبوی	High	Partial (نبوت = baseline reuse)	Fulfillment of Prophecy	1:19	Frame against Islamic naskh (abrogation), per baseline.
14	more sure / confirmed	βεβαιότερος / bebaioteros	استوارتر / قطعی‌تر	High	New	Reliability of Scripture	1:19	Must not imply prior unreliability requiring outside confirmation.
15	lamp	λύχνος / lychnos	چراغ	Low	New	Reliability of Scripture	1:19
16	dark place	αὐχμηρὸς τόπος / auchmeros topos	مکان تاریک	Low	New	—	1:19
17	day dawns	ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ / hēmera diaugasē	طلوع روز	Low-Medium	New	Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:19
18	morning star	φωσφόρος / phosphoros	ستاره صبح	Medium	New	Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:19	Use descriptive phrase, not the mythologized planet name (Zohreh).
19	prophecy	προφητεία / propheteia	نبوت	Low	Baseline reuse	Fulfillment of Prophecy	1:20; 3:2
20	Scripture / writing	γραφή / graphe	کتاب مقدس / نوشته‌های مقدس	High	New	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:20	Distinguish from wahy dictation and the tahrif corrupted-scripture claim.
21	private interpretation	ἐπίλυσις / epilysis	تفسیر شخصی	Medium	New	Reliability of Scripture	1:20	Possible bridge to Islamic concern over unauthorized personal tafsir; do not import clerical-authority structure onto NT text.
22	will of man	θέλημα ἀνθρώπου / thelema anthropou	اراده انسان	Low	New	Inspiration of Scripture	1:21
23	holy men (of God)	ἅγιοι ἄνθρωποι (θεοῦ) / hagioi anthropoi (theou)	مردان مقدس خدا	High	Partial (holy = baseline reuse)	Inspiration of Scripture	1:21	Note textual variant omitting “holy” in some mss.
24	moved / carried along	φέρω (φερόμενοι) / phero (pheromenoi)	برانگیخته شدن / هدایت شدن	Critical	New	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	1:21	Central verse for inspiration doctrine; must exclude wahy-style mechanical dictation.
25	Holy Spirit	πνεῦμα ἅγιον / pneuma hagion	روح‌القدس	Critical	Baseline reuse	Inspiration of Scripture	1:21
26	servant	δοῦλος / doulos	غلام / خادم	Low-Medium	New	—	1:1	Compatible with Islamic “bandeh-ye khoda” self-designation.
27	apostle	ἀπόστολος / apostolos	رسول	High	Baseline reuse	Apostleship	1:1
28	equally precious faith	ἰσότιμος πίστις / isotimos pistis	ایمان هم‌ارزش	Medium	Partial (ایمان = baseline reuse)	Faith	1:1	Flattens hierarchy; contrast with any Imamate-style tiered rank concept.
29	righteousness	δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē	عدالت	Critical	Baseline reuse	Salvation	1:1
30	Savior	σωτήρ / sōtēr	نجات‌دهنده	Critical	New (root reuse of نجات)	Deity of Christ	1:1,11; 2:20; 3:2,18	”Our God and Savior Jesus Christ” — direct Deity of Christ claim; do not split into two separate referents.
31	grace	χάρις / charis	فیض	High	Baseline reuse	Grace	1:2; 3:18
32	peace	εἰρήνη / eirēnē	سلام	Medium	Baseline reuse	Peace with God	1:2
33	knowledge / full knowledge	ἐπίγνωσις, γνῶσις / epignosis, gnosis	شناخت	High/Critical	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:2,3,8; 2:20; 3:18	معرفت explicitly REJECTED — collides with Sufi ma’rifat mysticism and Shia ma’rifat al-Imam salvific doctrine.
34	divine power	θεία δύναμις / theia dynamis	قدرت الهی	Medium	Partial (قدرت = baseline reuse)	Divine Nature	1:3
35	virtue / excellence	ἀρετή / arete	فضیلت	High	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:3,5	Parallels baseline’s Zoroastrian-achievement-virtue caution (پارسایی); virtue flows from grace, not self-achievement.
36	promise	ἐπάγγελμα / epangelma	وعده	Low	New	Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:4; 3:4,9,13
37	divine nature	θεία φύσις / theia physis	طبیعت الهی	Critical	New	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	1:4	Moral/relational participation only — not ontological merger; guard against Sufi fana/wahdat al-wujud and feyz emanationism readings.
38	partakers / sharers	κοινωνοί / koinonoi	بهره‌مند / سهیم	Critical	New	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	1:4	شریک explicitly REJECTED — root of shirk, Islam’s gravest sin category.
39	corruption	φθορά / phthora	فساد	Medium	New	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	1:4; 2:12,19
40	lust / desire	ἐπιθυμία / epithymia	شهوت / هوس	Low-Medium	New	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	1:4; 2:10,18; 3:3
41	diligence	σπουδή / spoude	کوشش / جدیت	Low	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:5,10,15
42	self-control	ἐγκράτεια / egkrateia	خودداری	Medium	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:6	Avoid Sufi-ascetic ضبط نفس framing.
43	endurance / steadfastness	ὑπομονή / hypomone	استقامت	Low-Medium	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:6	Distinct from μακροθυμία (ch. 3).
44	godliness	εὐσέβεια / eusebeia	خداترسی	High	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:6,7; 3:11	تقوا flagged as high-risk — central Quranic virtue category; not recommended as default.
45	brotherly affection	φιλαδελφία / philadelphia	محبت برادرانه	Low	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:7
46	love	ἀγάπη / agape	محبت	Low-Medium	New (not in Romans baseline)	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:7	Bridge with Sufi devotional eshgh/mahabbat register possible; do not collapse into Beloved-metaphor.
47	fruit	καρπός / karpos	میوه / ثمر	Low	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	1:8
48	purification	καθαρισμός / katharismos	پاک شدن	High	New	Salvation	1:9	تطهیر explicitly REJECTED — collides with ritual purification and Quran 33:33 Ayat al-Tathir / Shia Imams’ purity doctrine.
49	sin	ἁμαρτία / hamartia	گناه	High	Baseline reuse	Universal Human Accountability	1:9
50	calling and election	κλῆσις καὶ ἐκλογή / klesis kai eklogē	دعوت و برگزیدگی خدا	High	Baseline reuse	Effectual Calling	1:10
51	eternal kingdom	βασιλεία / basileia	ملکوت ابدی	Medium	Partial (ملکوت خدا = baseline reuse)	Certainty of Christ’s Return	1:11
52	tent (body)	σκήνωμα / skenoma	خیمه	Medium	New	—	1:13	Requires explanatory gloss (body as temporary dwelling).
53	departure	ἔξοδος / exodos	رحلت	Medium	New	—	1:15	Elevated register; be aware of prophet/saint-death connotation.
54	false teachers / false prophets	ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι, ψευδοπροφῆται	معلم دروغین / پیامبر دروغین	High	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:1	Pastorally sensitive; frame as in-house warning only.
55	destructive heresies	αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας / haireseis apoleias	تعلیم انحرافی / فرقه گمراه	High	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:1	بدعت explicitly REJECTED — major Sunni/Shia legal-theological innovation category.
56	destruction / perdition	ἀπώλεια / apoleia	هلاکت	Low-Medium	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:1,3; 3:7,16
57	bought	ἀγοράζω / agorazo	خریدن / بازخرید	Medium-High	New	Salvation	2:1	Distinguish from Karbala/Hussein martyrdom-intercession framework, per baseline.
58	Master / Sovereign Lord	δεσπότης / despotes	ارباب	Critical	New	Lordship of Christ	2:1	مولا explicitly REJECTED — the foundational Twelver Shia title for Ali (Ghadir Khumm tradition).
59	judgment	κρίσις / krisis	داوری	High	New	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	2:3,4,9; 3:7	Avoid over-identification with روز قیامت (Islamic Qiyamat apparatus).
60	cast into Tartarus/hell	ταρταρόω / tartaroo	به دوزخ افکندن	Medium-High	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:4	Prefer native دوزخ over Quranic-specific هاویه.
61	flood	κατακλυσμός / kataklysmos	طوفان (نوح)	Low	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:5; 3:6	Shared Quranic Nuh narrative.
62	Sodom and Gomorrah	Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα	سدوم و عموره	Low	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:6
63	torment	βασανίζω / basanizo	عذاب	Low-Medium	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:8	Broadly compatible shared vocabulary.
64	ungodliness	ἀσέβεια / asebeia	بی‌خدایی	High	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:5; 3:7	کفر explicitly REJECTED — apostasy-safety risk for Muslim-background readers.
65	defilement	μιασμός / miasmos	آلودگی	Low	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:20
66	flesh	σάρξ / sarx	جسم / نفس	Medium	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:10,18	نفس as sinful-nature bridge to Sufi jihad al-nafs; teach as Spirit-overcome, not self-disciplined.
67	dominion	κυριότης / kyriotes	سلطنت / قدرت حاکم	Medium	New	Lordship of Christ	2:10
68	blaspheme	βλασφημέω / blasphemeo	استهزا کردن / توهین کردن	Medium-High	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:10-12	Avoid کفر-root vocabulary (apostasy-safety).
69	angels	ἄγγελοι / angeloi	فرشتگان	Low	New	—	2:4,11
70	Balaam	Βαλαάμ	بلعام	Low	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:15-16	Proper name.
71	freedom / liberty	ἐλευθερία / eleutheria	آزادی	Medium	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:19	Politically charged term in Iran; keep spiritual irony distinct from political rhetoric.
72	slave of corruption	δοῦλος τῆς φθορᾶς / doulos tes phthoras	بردهٔ فساد	Medium	New	Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption	2:19
73	holy commandment	ἁγία ἐντολή / hagia entole	فرمان مقدس	Low	Partial (مقدس = baseline reuse)	Sanctification	2:21
74	proverb	παροιμία / paroimia	مثل / ضرب‌المثل	Low	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	2:22
75	scoffers	ἐμπαῖκται / empaiktai	استهزاکننده	Medium	New	Certainty of Christ’s Return	3:3
76	last days	ἔσχατοι ἡμέραι / eschatoi hemerai	روزهای آخر(الزمان)	Medium	New	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:3	Bridge with Islamic akhir al-zaman; distinguish Mahdi-centered content.
77	creation	κτίσις / ktisis	آفرینش / خلقت	Low	New	—	3:4
78	delay / slow	βραδύνω / bradyno	تاخیر کردن	Medium	New	Patience of God’s Timing	3:9	Pair with μακροθυμία to convey purposeful mercy, not failure.
79	patience / longsuffering	μακροθυμία / makrothymia	بردباری الهی	Medium	New	Patience of God’s Timing	3:9,15	صبر usable as bridge (cf. divine al-Halim) but avoid Ashura-suffering connotation.
80	repentance	μετάνοια / metanoia	توبه	Medium	New (established bridge term)	Patience of God’s Timing	3:9	Established Persian Christian usage; clarify grace-enabled, not merely ritual/legal.
81	Day of the Lord	ἡμέρα κυρίου / hemera kyriou	روز خداوند	Critical	Partial (خداوند = baseline reuse)	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:10	Deliberately not روز قیامت — avoid full Qiyamat/mizan apparatus displacement.
82	thief	κλέπτης / kleptes	دزد	Low	New	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:10
83	elements	στοιχεῖα / stoicheia	عناصر	Low	New	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:10,12
84	dissolved	λύω / lyo	گشوده شدن / نابود شدن	Low	New	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:10-12
85	waiting for / looking for	προσδοκάω / prosdokao	منتظر بودن / چشم به راه بودن	Critical	New	Certainty of Christ’s Return	3:12,13,14	Direct structural overlap with Shia entezar (awaiting the Hidden Imam); requires explicit contrastive teaching notes at every occurrence.
86	new heavens and new earth	καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν	آسمان‌های جدید و زمین جدید	Medium	New	The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment	3:13	Positive cosmic-renewal hope; a point of biblical distinctiveness from Islamic eschatology worth teaching.
87	without spot or blemish	ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι	بی‌عیب و بی‌لک	Low	New	Growing in Christian Virtue	3:14
88	Paul	Παῦλος / Paulos	پولس	Low	Baseline reuse (per requirements doc)	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	3:15-16
89	hard to understand	δυσνόητα / dysnoeta	دشوار برای فهم	Low	New	Reliability of Scripture	3:16
90	twist / distort	στρεβλόω / strebloo	تحریف کردن	Critical	New	Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture	3:16	Directly names the tahrif concept; use deliberately with explicit distinguishing notes (false teachers’ error vs. global textual corruption).
91	unstable	ἀστήρικτοι / asteriktoi	بی‌ثبات	Low	New	—	3:16-17
92	error	πλάνη / plane	گمراهی	Medium	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	3:17	Bridge with Quranic dalal concept.
93	lawless	ἄθεσμοι / athesmoi	بی‌قانون	Medium	New	False Teachers and Their Judgment	3:17	Avoid شریعت-root vocabulary, consistent with baseline `law` decision.
94	steadfastness	στηριγμός / sterigmos	استواری	Low	New	—	3:17
95	grow (in grace and knowledge)	αὐξάνω / auxano	رشد کردن	High	Partial (فیض = baseline reuse; شناخت = new #33)	Growing in Christian Virtue	3:18	Doctrinal capstone verse; theologian review as a unit.
96	Jesus	Ἰησοῦς / Iesous	عیسی	Critical	Baseline reuse	Deity of Christ	throughout
97	Christ	Χριστός / Christos	مسیح	Critical	Baseline reuse	Messianic Promise	throughout
98	Lord	κύριος / kyrios	خداوند	Critical	Baseline reuse	Lordship of Christ	throughout
99	God	θεός / theos	خدا	Critical	Baseline reuse	Deity of Christ	throughout
100	faith	πίστις / pistis	ایمان	High	Baseline reuse	Faith	throughout

Critical Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: عدالت
Transliteration: edalat
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: پارسایی
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: پارسایی remains rejected for the same Zoroastrian achievement-virtue reason documented in the baseline. Used in 2 Peter 1:1 (God’s/Christ’s own righteousness) and 2:5 (‘herald of righteousness,’ Noah).

Salvation

Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: the Karbala/Hussein martyrdom-intercession distinction documented in the baseline applies with added force in 2 Peter 2:1 (ἀγοράζω, ‘bought’) and 1:9/2:20 (cleansing/purification from sin). Root underlies the new term ‘savior’ (نجات‌دهنده).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: روح‌القدس
Transliteration: Ruh-ol-Qods
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: the Quranic-Gabriel identification risk applies at full force in 2 Peter 1:21, since that verse concerns the very agency of inspiration — the Spirit personally ‘carries along’ the human authors (see carried_along_by_spirit).

Father

Approved rendering: پدر
Transliteration: pedar
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ

Inherited from Romans package. Used in 2 Peter 1:17 (‘honor and glory from God the Father’); shares Arabic/Persian’s tawhid-anthropomorphism objection to Father-language for God. See also majestic_glory, the periphrasis for the Father’s own presence in the same verse.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: پسر خدا
Transliteration: pesar-e khoda
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: برگزیده خدا

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: the Transfiguration declaration in 2 Peter 1:17 (‘This is my beloved Son’) must use this literal, historically established rendering — never the softened Hezare No-style alternative.

Lord

Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khodavand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: سرور, سید
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: used pervasively throughout 2 Peter (1:2,8,11,14,16; 2:1; 3:2,8-10,15,18) of Jesus Christ. سید (the honorific reserved for descendants of Muhammad) is additionally and explicitly rejected as a Christological title for this letter, alongside the baseline’s rejection of سرور.

God

Approved rendering: خدا
Transliteration: Khoda
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 2 Peter; 1:1’s ‘our God and Savior Jesus Christ’ is the letter’s single sharpest deity-of-Christ assertion (see savior).

Jesus

Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 2 Peter; the Quranic prophet-only, non-divine narrative must be actively corrected at every occurrence, especially 1:1, 1:16-18, and 3:18.

Messiah

Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 2 Peter, paired with ‘God and Savior’ in 1:1; the Shia Mahdi-displacement risk documented in the baseline applies with particular force in this letter’s eschatological chapters (see coming_parousia, waiting_for).

Carried Along By Spirit

Approved rendering: هدایت شدن (توسط روح‌القدس)
Transliteration: hedayat shodan (tavassot-e Ruh-ol-Qods)
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: برانگیخته شدن (mechanical-sounding alternative, deprioritized in favor of the relational هدایت شدن)
Original: φέρω (φερόμενοι)
Category: Scripture

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 1:21, the single most doctrinally load-bearing verb in the core passage. Must convey a personal author actively carried along by the Spirit’s guidance — like wind filling a sail — preserving the human writer’s own voice and agency, categorically distinct from the Islamic wahy model of verbatim angelic dictation to a passive recipient. No single Persian verb captures the nautical image; every occurrence requires human theologian review and, where possible, a footnote restoring the ship/wind metaphor.

Savior

Approved rendering: نجات‌دهنده
Transliteration: nejat-dahande
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 1:1’s Granville-Sharp-type construction (‘our God and Savior Jesus Christ’) is a direct grammatical assertion of co-equal deity. Must never be rendered so as to split this into two separate referents (‘God, and also the Savior Jesus’); Persian’s appositional/izafe structures do not automatically preserve the single-referent reading, so the sentence must be deliberately constructed (e.g. a restrictive appositional structure binding خدا و نجات‌دهندهٔ ما directly to عیسی مسیح). Also occurs at 1:11; 2:20; 3:2,18.

Knowledge

Approved rendering: شناخت
Transliteration: shenakht
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: معرفت, عرفان
Original: ἐπίγνωσις / γνῶσις
Category: Christian Virtue

CRITICAL: معرفت (ma’refat) is explicitly REJECTED — the central technical term of Sufi mystical epistemology and of Twelver Shia salvific doctrine (ma’refat al-Imam, saving ‘knowledge of the Imam’). عرفان (mysticism as a named discipline) also fenced out. شناخت (cognitive recognition) is used throughout for ἐπίγνωσις/γνῶσις (1:2,3,8; 2:20; 3:18) — high frequency across the letter’s opening, programmatic statement, and closing doxology makes every recurrence a fresh drift risk back toward معرفت.

Divine Nature

Approved rendering: طبیعت الهی
Transliteration: tabi’at-e elahi
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: θεία φύσις
Category: Divine Nature

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 1:4. Risks absorption into Sufi fana/wahdat al-wujud (mystical annihilation of self into ontological unity with the Divine essence) and Zoroastrian/Illuminationist feyz-style emanationism already documented for grace. Must be taught explicitly as moral and relational participation in God’s holy character through the Spirit — never ontological merger or emanative absorption. This doctrine has no prior indigenous Persian theological slot and must be built through teaching apparatus, not vocabulary alone.

Partakers Of Divine Nature

Approved rendering: بهره‌مند
Transliteration: bahre-mand
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: شریک, سهیم شدن (retained only as a secondary acceptable variant, not preferred default)
Original: θείας φύσεως κοινωνοί
Category: Divine Nature

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 1:4. κοινωνός shares its root sense with شریک (sharik, ‘partner’), the term at the etymological heart of shirk, Islam’s gravest sin category. شریک is explicitly and permanently REJECTED for this concept. بهره‌مند (‘having a portion/benefiting from’) is the preferred default; سهیم شدن is an acceptable secondary variant.

Master Sovereign Lord

Approved rendering: ارباب
Transliteration: arbab
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مولا, سید
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 2:1 (δεσπότης, a stronger ownership term than κύριος). مولا (mowla) is explicitly REJECTED: it is the foundational Twelver Shia theological-political title for Ali, rooted in the Ghadir Khumm tradition (‘whoever’s mawla I am, Ali is his mawla’) underlying the entire doctrine of the Imamate. سید is also rejected as a Christological honorific (reserved for descendants of Muhammad). ارباب preserves the ownership sense in plain, non-honorific vocabulary; note that Persian has no clean way to preserve the despotes/kyrios nuance distinction, so an explanatory teaching note (not a lexical fix) is required.

Coming Parousia

Approved rendering: بازگشت
Transliteration: bazgasht
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ظهور, رجعت, آمدن دوباره (acceptable descriptive variant, not preferred default)
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 1:16; 3:4,12. ظهور (zohur) is the exact technical term for the Twelver Shia doctrine of غیبت و ظهور (the Hidden Twelfth Imam’s occultation and awaited reappearance) and is explicitly REJECTED. رجعت (raj’a — the related doctrine of certain past holy figures’ eschatological return) is likewise explicitly REJECTED. بازگشت is used throughout, reserving ظهور/رجعت only for explicit contrastive teaching notes naming and distinguishing the Mahdi doctrine. Do not transliterate (پاروسیا) — a meaningful Persian word is required so the doctrinal contrast can be actively taught.

Day Of The Lord

Approved rendering: روز خداوند
Transliteration: ruz-e Khodavand
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: روز قیامت
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 3:10. Deliberately built on خداوند rather than روز قیامت, to keep this doctrine anchored to Christ’s own personal Lordship and historically singular return, rather than folding it into the full Islamic Yawm al-Qiyamah apparatus (mizan deeds-weighing, sirat bridge). Contrast/bridge teaching with Qiyamat should be an explicit, separate teaching note, never embedded in the base translation.

Waiting For

Approved rendering: منتظر بودن
Transliteration: montazer boodan
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: انتظار (reserved exclusively for explicit contrastive teaching-note use, never the base translation)
Original: προσδοκάω
Category: Certainty of Christ’s Return

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 3:12,13,14 (προσδοκάω), the highest concentration of this term in the book. The concept cannot be avoided — it is biblically essential — but must never default to انتظار (entezar), the single most devotionally central Twelver Shia category of ‘awaiting’ the Hidden Twelfth Imam’s return (dar entezar-e Imam Zaman), pervasive enough to shape personal names, mosque architecture, and daily devotional practice across Iran. منتظر بودن/چشم به راه بودن is used, always paired with explicit teaching notes: Christ’s return is a certain historical event already inaugurated by his resurrection and ascension (cf. 1:16-18), not an open-ended awaiting of a still-unrevealed figure.

Twist Distort

Approved rendering: تحریف کردن
Transliteration: tahrif kardan
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: στρεβλόω
Category: Scripture

CRITICAL: 2 Peter 3:16 (στρεβλόω). This is the exact Persian/Arabic word for tahrif, the pervasive Islamic doctrinal claim that the Bible has been corrupted from an original, purer revelation. Must be used deliberately, not avoided: it is the linguistically correct word and gives the curriculum a rare, direct opportunity to engage the tahrif topic head-on — Scripture-twisting is a real phenomenon committed by individual false teachers acting against a stable, authoritative apostolic text, not evidence the text itself is globally corrupted. Every occurrence requires an accompanying teaching note making this distinction explicit.

High Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: فیض
Transliteration: feyz
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: لطف
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Feyz carries a distinct Persian philosophical loading (Illuminationist/Sadraean divine emanation) rather than a freely willed, unmerited personal gift. In 2 Peter (1:2; 3:18) the same correction applies with equal force: growth ‘in grace’ (3:18) must not be read as ontological overflow.

Faith

Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Shares Shia iman’s Imamate-belief layer; in 2 Peter 1:1 the ‘equally precious faith’ (see equally_precious_faith) must be anchored as personal trust in Christ shared identically by all believers, not creedal assent to a succession doctrine.

Apostle

Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Same collision with Muhammad’s rasul title and Imamate-succession claims. In 2 Peter, Peter’s own apostolic self-designation (1:1; 3:2) grounds the letter’s entire authority to warn against false teachers, raising the stakes of any softening.

Calling

Approved rendering: دعوت
Transliteration: da’vat
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Used in 2 Peter 1:10, paired with ‘election’ — believers are urged to ‘confirm’ this calling through diligent godly living.

Election

Approved rendering: برگزیدگی خدا
Transliteration: bargozidegi-ye khoda
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. The Imamate lineage-succession bridge/collision risk documented in the baseline applies here (2 Peter 1:10); the lineage-based, ongoing-office content of the Imamate must not be imported onto Peter’s exhortation.

Sin

Approved rendering: گناه
Transliteration: gonah
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. Used in 2 Peter 1:9 (‘cleansed from former sins’).

Prophet

Approved rendering: پیامبر
Transliteration: payambar
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy

Inherited from Romans package. Background term for the ‘false prophets’ polemic of 2 Peter 2:1 (see false_teachers) and the ‘prophets’ of 3:2; same finality-of-prophethood risk (khatam al-anbiya) as in the baseline applies.

Prophetic Word

Approved rendering: کلام نبوی
Transliteration: kalam-e nabavi
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητικὸς λόγος
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:19. Must be framed against the shared Sunni/Shia naskh (abrogation) doctrine: eyewitness experience confirms and strengthens prior OT prophecy, it does not replace or correct a previously deficient revelation.

More Sure

Approved rendering: استوارتر
Transliteration: ostovar-tar
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερος
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:19. Risk of being heard as ‘the previously less reliable prophetic word is now finally confirmed,’ feeding a tahrif-adjacent reading; teaching notes must clarify the confirmation is Christ’s historical fulfillment and apostolic eyewitness, not evidence of prior textual unreliability.

Scripture

Approved rendering: کتاب مقدس
Transliteration: ketab-e moqaddas
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:20. The word itself is safe; the doctrinal risk lies in the surrounding Islamic wahy framework and tahrif claim already documented in the baseline gospel/inspiration entries. Teach this verse as reinforcing, not undermining, confidence in the text as it stands.

Holy Men Of God

Approved rendering: مردان مقدس خدا
Transliteration: mardan-e moqaddas-e khoda
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἅγιοι ἄνθρωποι (θεοῦ)
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:21. Must avoid implying either mechanical wahy-style dictation (passive channel) or purely human, uninspired authorship. Note a textual variant in some early manuscripts omits ‘holy.‘

Virtue

Approved rendering: فضیلت
Transliteration: fazilat
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 1:3,5. Parallels the baseline’s Zoroastrian-inflected achievement-virtue caution documented for righteousness/پارسایی; Persian ethical vocabulary defaults to virtue as self-achieved moral accomplishment. Must be taught as flowing from God’s granted power and knowledge (1:3), never an independently earned moral status.

Godliness

Approved rendering: خداترسی
Transliteration: khoda-tarsi
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: تقوا, دین‌داری
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 1:6,7; 3:11. تقوا (taqwa), the obvious cognate, is the central Quranic virtue-category and is explicitly REJECTED — its use would strongly assimilate 2 Peter’s ethic into the specifically Quranic taqwa framework. دین‌داری (‘religiosity’) is also fenced out as too institutional/generic, losing the reverent-fear component. خداترسی is required.

Purification

Approved rendering: پاک شدن
Transliteration: pak shodan
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: تطهیر, تزکیه
Original: καθαρισμός
Category: Salvation

2 Peter 1:9. تطهیر (the specific term for Islamic ritual purification, wudu/ghusl, and Quran 33:33’s Ayat al-Tathir — a foundational Twelver Shia proof-text for the Imams’ unique purity, the Panj Tan-e Pak) is explicitly REJECTED. تزکیه (Quranic/Sufi self-purification of the soul) is also fenced out. Use پاک شدن.

False Teachers

Approved rendering: معلم دروغین
Transliteration: mo’allem-e dorughin
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: پیامبر دروغین (avoid as the default; too easily read as comparative-religions polemic)
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι / ψευδοπροφῆται
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:1. Must be taught strictly as an in-house warning about deceivers arising within the believing community (‘among you,’ 2:1), never framed as a polemical statement about any specific named prophetic claim outside the letter’s immediate historical context.

Destructive Heresies

Approved rendering: تعلیم انحرافی
Transliteration: ta’lim-e enherafi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: بدعت, فرقه
Original: αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:1. بدعت (bid’at), the major Sunni-and-Shia legal-theological category for forbidden religious innovation, is explicitly REJECTED. فرقه (‘sect’) is additionally and newly REJECTED: it is the term used in Iranian state and clerical rhetoric for minority/unregistered religious groups, most pointedly in the phrase فرقه ضالّه (‘misguided sect’), historically applied to the Baha’i community and, in some discourse, extended to unregistered evangelical house-churches — using it here would risk the translation borrowing vocabulary currently deployed against its own intended readership.

Bought

Approved rendering: بازخرید
Transliteration: bazkharid
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation

2 Peter 2:1 (ἀγοράζω). Christ’s redemptive purchase, applied even to those who later deny him; must be taught as categorically distinct from, not merely superior to, the Karbala/Hussein martyrdom-intercession framework of popular Shia piety documented in the baseline salvation doctrine.

Judgment

Approved rendering: داوری
Transliteration: davari
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: روز قیامت (over-identification, not a direct term substitution but a framing risk)
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 2:3,4,9; 3:7 (κρίσις). Avoid over-identifying with the full Islamic mizan deeds-weighing / sirat-bridge apparatus (already Critical in the baseline’s resurrection entry); داوری keeps the forensic sense while letting the Day-of-the-Lord doctrine be taught on its own biblical terms. Also avoid drifting toward میزان/حساب و کتاب vocabulary when expanding judgment imagery elsewhere in chs. 2-3.

Ungodliness

Approved rendering: بی‌خدایی
Transliteration: bi-khodayi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: کفر
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:5; 3:7 (ἀσέβεια). کفر (kofr, unbelief/apostasy) is explicitly REJECTED: it is the central Islamic category for unbelief and, critically, for apostasy from Islam, carrying severe real-world legal and social danger for Muslim-background readers. Using کفر for a description of Peter’s opponents risks triggering apostasy-adjacent associations with serious safety implications.

Blaspheme

Approved rendering: توهین کردن
Transliteration: towhin kardan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: کفر-root vocabulary
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:10-12 (βλασφημέω). Avoid کفر-root vocabulary for the same apostasy-safety reason flagged under ungodliness; use توهین کردن/استهزا کردن.

Grow In Grace And Knowledge

Approved rendering: رشد کردن در فیض و شناخت
Transliteration: roshd kardan dar feyz va shenakht
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: αὐξάνω (with χάρις καὶ γνῶσις)
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 3:18. The letter’s doctrinal capstone (αὐξάνω with χάρις καὶ γνῶσις), inheriting both the Critical baseline grace note and the Critical knowledge (شناخت, never معرفت) note above; deserves theologian review as a unit.

Medium Risk Terms

Holy

Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Used across 2 Peter of the mountain (1:18), the human authors of Scripture (1:21), and the commandment (2:21); relational/moral set-apartness, not ritual purity or shrine veneration.

Glory

Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Used in 2 Peter 1:17 (Transfiguration glory) and the closing doxology 3:18; reinforce as Christ’s specific historical glory, not generalized Sufi mystical-aesthetic splendor (cf. Rumi/Hafez jalal-jamal pairing).

Power Of God

Approved rendering: قدرت خدا
Transliteration: qodrat-e khoda
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: δύναμις
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package (as قدرت / قدرت خدا). Used in 2 Peter 1:3 (‘divine power’ granting everything for life and godliness) and 1:16 (Christ’s power displayed at the Transfiguration).

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: ملکوت خدا
Transliteration: malakut-e khoda
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return

Inherited from Romans package. Root of the new compound eternal_kingdom (ملکوت ابدی, 2 Peter 1:11); distinguish from any political-territorial reading given Iran’s own religious-political state structure (Velayat-e Faqih).

Peace

Approved rendering: سلام
Transliteration: salam
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: آرامش
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Used in 2 Peter 1:2, multiplied to believers through knowledge of God; آرامش remains explicitly rejected.

Myth

Approved rendering: افسانه
Transliteration: afsaneh
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: μῦθος
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:16. Frame the contrast as ‘invented story’ vs. ‘eyewitness testimony,’ not ‘old’ vs. ‘new’ teaching, to avoid echoing the tahrif/naskh assumption that the gospel is an outdated tale superseded by later revelation.

Majesty

Approved rendering: عظمت
Transliteration: azamat
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology

2 Peter 1:16. Shared, generally compatible devotional vocabulary; anchor to the specific historical Transfiguration event, not generic mystical divine grandeur.

Majestic Glory

Approved rendering: جلال عظیم
Transliteration: jalal-e azim
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: God

2 Peter 1:17. Reverent circumlocution for God the Father’s own presence at the Transfiguration voice; must be understood as the Father himself, not a separate being. Not an attested fixed circumlocution-title in Tarjome Ghadeem/Mojdeh; freshly coined for this curriculum and should carry a translator’s note on first occurrence.

Beloved

Approved rendering: محبوب
Transliteration: mahbub
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology

2 Peter 1:17. محبوب is also the standard term for the mystic’s ‘Beloved’ in Persian Sufi devotional poetry (divine/human ambiguity); must be anchored to the specific historical Father-Son Transfiguration declaration, not read as generic mystical Beloved-language.

Holy Mountain

Approved rendering: کوه مقدس
Transliteration: kuh-e moqaddas
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἅγιον ὄρος
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:18. Must not be read as implying a shrine-pilgrimage site requiring ongoing veneration (a live category around Iranian imamzadeh shrines); this is a historical-narrative location, not an object of devotion.

Morning Star

Approved rendering: ستاره صبح
Transliteration: setare-ye sobh
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 1:19. Use the plain descriptive phrase, not the mythologized planet name Venus/Zohreh (زهره), which carries pre-Islamic Persian goddess-figure associations foreign to this messianic image.

Private Interpretation

Approved rendering: تفسیر شخصی
Transliteration: tafsir-e shakhsi
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἐπίλυσις (ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως)
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:20. Parallels a live Islamic hermeneutical concern about unauthorized personal tafsir without recognized marja authority — a genuine bridge, but must not imply the NT text requires an ongoing clerical/Imamate-style interpretive authority structure.

Equally Precious Faith

Approved rendering: ایمان هم‌ارزش
Transliteration: iman-e ham-arzesh
Doctrine: Faith
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Faith

2 Peter 1:1. Flattens any hierarchy of belief; sits in productive tension with Shia-adjacent tiered rank concepts (Imamate succession) — teach as flattening hierarchy, not affirming one. هم‌ارزش is a modern legal/bureaucratic compound (equivalency-certificate register); flag for native-speaker register review in devotional as opposed to expository material.

Divine Power

Approved rendering: قدرت الهی
Transliteration: qodrat-e elahi
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: θεία δύναμις
Category: God

2 Peter 1:3. God’s power granting everything needed for life and godliness; built on the baseline قدرت root.

Corruption

Approved rendering: فساد
Transliteration: fesad
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: φθορά
Category: Divine Nature

2 Peter 1:4; 2:12,19. Decay/ruin caused by worldly lust, contrasted with the incorruptible divine nature; broadly compatible vocabulary, standard care applies.

Lust

Approved rendering: شهوت
Transliteration: shahvat
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Divine Nature

2 Peter 1:4; 2:10,18; 3:3. Well-established negative moral vocabulary shared with Islamic ethics; broadly compatible, not a collision.

Self Control

Approved rendering: خودداری
Transliteration: khoddari
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: ضبط نفس
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 1:6. Avoid the more loaded Sufi/ascetic term ضبط نفس (mastery over the nafs), which imports a self-effort ascetic framework; keep the simpler, neutral خودداری.

Endurance

Approved rendering: استقامت
Transliteration: esteqamat
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 1:6 (ὑπομονή). Patient endurance under trial; keep contextually distinct from μακροθυμία, God’s own forbearance (see patience), used in chapter 3.

Love

Approved rendering: محبت
Transliteration: mahabbat
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 1:7 (ἀγάπη), the crowning virtue of the chain — not previously present in the Romans baseline glossary, recorded here for the first time. Resonates with Sufi devotional eshgh/mahabbat tradition — a warm bridge, provided divine self-giving agape is not collapsed into the Beloved/lover mystical metaphor (see beloved).

Eternal Kingdom

Approved rendering: ملکوت ابدی
Transliteration: malakut-e abadi
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 1:11. Built on the baseline ملکوت خدا; distinguish from any political-territorial reading given Iran’s own religious-political state structure (Velayat-e Faqih).

Tent Body

Approved rendering: خیمه
Transliteration: kheymeh
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: σκήνωμα
Category: Christian Life

2 Peter 1:13-14 (σκήνωμα). Peter’s own body as a temporary dwelling soon to be ‘put off’; requires an explanatory gloss so ‘tent’ is not misread literally.

Departure

Approved rendering: رحلت
Transliteration: rehlat
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἔξοδος
Category: Christian Life

2 Peter 1:15 (ἔξοδος). Elevated, reverential register traditionally reserved for the death of prophets/revered holy figures; fitting for an apostle’s death but may subtly elevate Peter toward prophet-like status. A plain alternative (از این جهان رفتن) is available if that connotation should be avoided.

Destruction

Approved rendering: هلاکت
Transliteration: halakat
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:1,3; 3:7,16. Broadly compatible with existing Islamic vocabulary for perdition (halak); reinforcing rather than colliding.

Cast Into Tartarus

Approved rendering: به دوزخ افکندن
Transliteration: be duzakh afkandan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: هاویه
Original: ταρταρόω (ταρταρώσας)
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 2:4 (ταρταρόω, a unique NT term borrowed from Greek mythology). Prefer native دوزخ over هاویه, a specifically named pit of Hell in Quran 101:9-11, to avoid importing that text’s eschatological topography. Tartarus is Peter’s own borrowed Greco-Roman image, distinct from Gehenna elsewhere in the NT; render generically.

Flesh

Approved rendering: نفس
Transliteration: nafs
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: σάρξ
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:10,18 (σάρξ, figurative sense; use جسم for the literal-body sense elsewhere). نفس is a major Sufi/Islamic term for the lower self requiring subjugation (jihad al-nafs) — a workable bridge, provided it is taught as a nature the Spirit overcomes by grace, not merely an ego the ascetic disciplines by self-effort.

Dominion

Approved rendering: سلطنت
Transliteration: saltanat
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology

2 Peter 2:10 (κυριότης). Shares the kyrios root with the Critical lord entry; keep contextually distinct from Christ’s own unique Lordship.

Freedom

Approved rendering: آزادی
Transliteration: azadi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:19 (ἐλευθερία). آزادی is an intensely charged political word in contemporary Iranian public discourse (revolutionary/post-revolutionary rhetoric, ‘Azadi Square’); teach this passage’s spiritual irony carefully so it is not heard as commentary on national politics.

Slave Of Corruption

Approved rendering: بردهٔ فساد
Transliteration: bardeh-ye fesad
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: δοῦλος τῆς φθορᾶς
Category: Divine Nature

2 Peter 2:19. Combines already-analyzed terms; the false teachers’ true bondage, contrasted with their promise of freedom.

Scoffers

Approved rendering: استهزاکننده
Transliteration: estehza-konande
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 3:3 (ἐμπαῖκται). Mockers who deny the certainty of Christ’s coming; broadly compatible descriptive vocabulary.

Last Days

Approved rendering: روزهای آخر
Transliteration: ruzha-ye akhar
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἔσχατοι ἡμέραι
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 3:3. Parallels the widely familiar Islamic akhir al-zaman end-times category; usable as a bridge if carefully distinguished from its specific Mahdi-centered content.

Delay

Approved rendering: تاخیر کردن
Transliteration: ta’khir kardan
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: βραδύνω
Category: Patience of God’s Timing

2 Peter 3:9 (βραδύνω). Must be paired with ‘patience’ (μακροθυμία) so any apparent delay is understood as purposeful mercy, not forgetfulness or failure.

Patience

Approved rendering: بردباری الهی
Transliteration: bordbari-ye elahi
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: صبر
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Patience of God’s Timing

2 Peter 3:9,15 (μακροθυμία). صبر (sabr), the more obvious cognate, is Islam’s — and especially Shia Ashura piety’s — central virtue of patient endurance under suffering (paradigmatically Imam Hussein’s household at Karbala). Since this term describes God’s own patient forbearance in delaying judgment, not human suffering-endurance, بردباری الهی is used instead to keep clear distance from the Ashura connotation. حلم/الحلیم (the Quranic divine name ‘the Forbearing’) is an available apologetic bridge for teaching notes only, not for the base translation.

Repentance

Approved rendering: توبه
Transliteration: towbeh
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Patience of God’s Timing

2 Peter 3:9 (μετάνοια). Established, long-standing Persian Christian and Islamic fiqh term; generally safe, but teach NT repentance as a Spirit-enabled turning of the heart flowing from grace, not merely ritual/legal restitution.

New Heavens New Earth

Approved rendering: آسمان‌های جدید و زمین جدید
Transliteration: asemanha-ye jadid va zamin-e jadid
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 3:13. Islamic eschatology’s focus rests more on individual resurrection and a binary paradise/hell outcome than cosmic material renewal; this doctrine’s positive, this-creation-renewed hope is a point of genuine biblical distinctiveness worth teaching explicitly. Unlike Islamic paradise imagery, this phrase has no existing devotional-poetic resonance in Persian religious literature; supplementary homiletic material should build this over time.

Error

Approved rendering: گمراهی
Transliteration: gomrahi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: ضلالت (reserve for occasional stylistic variation only, not the default)
Original: πλάνη
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 3:17 (πλάνη). Shares conceptual territory with the Quranic dalal (going astray) category — broadly compatible, not a collision.

Lawless

Approved rendering: بی‌قانون
Transliteration: bi-qanun
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἄθεσμοι
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 3:17 (ἄθεσμοι). Consistent with the baseline’s law entry decision to avoid any shari’a-root vocabulary; use بی‌قانون, never a shari’a-adjacent coinage.

Low Risk Terms

Prophecy

Approved rendering: نبوت
Transliteration: nabovat
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture

Inherited from Romans package. Used in 2 Peter 1:20-21 and 3:2; low independent risk beyond the prophetic_word and naskh notes recorded under that new entry.

Eyewitness

Approved rendering: شاهد عینی
Transliteration: shahed-e eyni
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:16. Standard courtroom-testimony precision in Persian; positive resource reinforcing evidentiary apostolic witness.

Honor

Approved rendering: عزت
Transliteration: ezzat
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: τιμή
Category: Christology

2 Peter 1:17. Standard vocabulary for honor conferred on the Son by the Father.

Well Pleased

Approved rendering: خشنود بودن
Transliteration: khoshnud boodan
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: εὐδοκέω
Category: Christology

2 Peter 1:17. Standard vocabulary for the Father’s settled approval of the Son.

Heaven

Approved rendering: آسمان
Transliteration: asman
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture

2 Peter 1:18. Standard, low-risk vocabulary for the source of the Transfiguration voice.

Lamp

Approved rendering: چراغ
Transliteration: cheragh
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: λύχνος
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:19. Standard, well-established biblical and Persian imagery.

Dark Place

Approved rendering: مکان تاریک
Transliteration: makan-e tarik
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture

2 Peter 1:19. Standard, low-risk vocabulary for the present fallen age needing prophetic illumination.

Day Dawns

Approved rendering: طلوع روز
Transliteration: tolu’-e ruz
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return

2 Peter 1:19. Figurative for full clarity brought at Christ’s return; low risk.

Will Of Man

Approved rendering: اراده انسان
Transliteration: erade-ye ensan
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: θέλημα ἀνθρώπου
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 1:21. Standard, low-risk vocabulary.

Servant

Approved rendering: غلام
Transliteration: gholam
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church

2 Peter 1:1. Echoes the common, positive Islamic devotional self-designation ‘بنده‌ی خدا’ (God’s servant) — a compatible bridge, not a collision.

Promise

Approved rendering: وعده
Transliteration: va’deh
Doctrine: Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐπάγγελμα
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 1:4; 3:4,9,13. Standard, low-risk vocabulary for God’s covenant pledges.

Diligence

Approved rendering: کوشش
Transliteration: kushesh
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: σπουδή
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 1:5,10,15. Active effort in response to (not in place of) grace; standard, low-risk vocabulary.

Brotherly Affection

Approved rendering: محبت برادرانه
Transliteration: mahabbat-e baradarane
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 1:7. Standard, low-risk vocabulary for love within the believing community.

Fruit

Approved rendering: ثمر
Transliteration: samar
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: καρπός
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 1:8. Standard, low-risk vocabulary for the visible outcome of growth in virtue.

Flood

Approved rendering: طوفان
Transliteration: tufan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:5; 3:6. Noah’s flood as a paradigm of past judgment; Noah (نوح) is a well-regarded shared Quranic prophet figure — genuine bridge material.

Sodom And Gomorrah

Approved rendering: سدوم و عموره
Transliteration: Sadum va Amureh
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:6. Shared Quranic narrative background as the people of Lut; low risk, proper names.

Torment

Approved rendering: عذاب
Transliteration: azab
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: βασανίζω
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:8. Heavily used, broadly compatible vocabulary already central to Islamic descriptions of divine punishment — shared vocabulary, not collision.

Defilement

Approved rendering: آلودگی
Transliteration: aludegi
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: μιασμός
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:20 (μιασμός). Standard, low-risk vocabulary for moral contamination.

Angels

Approved rendering: فرشتگان
Transliteration: fereshtegan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Spiritual Beings

2 Peter 2:4,11. Shared, compatible vocabulary (cf. Jibril/Mikael in Islamic tradition).

Balaam

Approved rendering: بلعام
Transliteration: Bal’am
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: False Teachers

2 Peter 2:15-16. Proper name; standard transliteration; OT paradigm of a prophet-for-hire corrupted by love of gain.

Holy Commandment

Approved rendering: فرمان مقدس
Transliteration: farman-e moqaddas
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγία ἐντολή
Category: Sanctification

2 Peter 2:21. Built on baseline مقدس; the apostolic gospel-ethic, now abandoned by apostates.

Proverb

Approved rendering: ضرب‌المثل
Transliteration: zarb-ol-masal
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: παροιμία
Category: Literary Form

2 Peter 2:22. Standard, low-risk vocabulary for the dog/vomit and sow/mire sayings.

Creation

Approved rendering: آفرینش
Transliteration: afarinesh
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κτίσις
Category: Cosmology

2 Peter 3:4 (κτίσις). Standard, low-risk vocabulary.

Thief

Approved rendering: دزد
Transliteration: dozd
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κλέπτης
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 3:10 (κλέπτης). Simile for the unexpected suddenness of the Day of the Lord; standard vocabulary.

Elements

Approved rendering: عناصر
Transliteration: anasor
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 3:10,12 (στοιχεῖα). Standard, low-risk vocabulary.

Dissolved

Approved rendering: نابود شدن
Transliteration: nabud shodan
Doctrine: Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: λύω (λυθήσεται)
Category: Eschatology

2 Peter 3:10-12 (λύω). Cosmic dissolution accompanying the Day of the Lord; standard vocabulary.

Without Spot Or Blemish

Approved rendering: بی‌عیب و بی‌لک
Transliteration: bi-eyb va bi-lak
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι
Category: Christian Virtue

2 Peter 3:14. Standard, low-risk vocabulary for the moral purity believers pursue while awaiting the Day.

Hard To Understand

Approved rendering: دشوار برای فهم
Transliteration: doshvar baraye fahm
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: δυσνόητα
Category: Scripture

2 Peter 3:16. Peter’s honest acknowledgment regarding some of Paul’s teaching; standard vocabulary.

Unstable

Approved rendering: بی‌ثبات
Transliteration: bi-sabat
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀστήρικτοι
Category: Christian Life

2 Peter 3:16-17 (ἀστήρικτοι). Standard, low-risk vocabulary for the vulnerable condition of those swept up by false teaching.

Steadfastness

Approved rendering: استواری
Transliteration: ostovari
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: στηριγμός
Category: Christian Life

2 Peter 3:17 (στηριγμός). Standard, low-risk vocabulary for the stability believers are warned not to fall from.

Paul

Approved rendering: پولس
Transliteration: Pulos
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: Παῦλος
Category: Proper Name

2 Peter 3:15-16. Established transliteration per the Romans requirements document’s proper-name conventions; Peter’s affirmation of Paul’s letters as authoritative Scripture directly reinforces the Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture doctrine’s scope.

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