Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Jude — English → Persian
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in the full-book semantic analysis (07_semantic_analysis.md), covering Jude 1:1–25 in its entirety. Terms marked “Reused (Romans TM)” carry forward the baseline translation_memory.json rendering exactly, with no deviation permitted. Newly identified terms for the Jude curriculum are marked “New.” All risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical / High / Medium / Low framework and routing conventions (doctrine_risk_registry.json).
A. Reused Terms (Romans Translation Memory — Enforced Exactly)
| English Term | Persian Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Status | Jude Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | ایمان | iman | High | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:3, 1:20 |
| grace | فیض | feyz | High | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:4 |
| saints | مقدسین | moqaddasin | Medium/High | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:3 |
| holy | مقدس | moqaddas | Medium | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:20 |
| called | دعوتشده | da’vat-shode | High | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:1 |
| lord | خداوند | Khodavand | Critical | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 |
| jesus | عیسی | Isa | Critical | Reused (Romans TM) | throughout |
| messiah/christ | مسیح | Masih | Critical | Reused (Romans TM) | throughout |
| god | خدا | Khoda | Critical | Reused (Romans TM) | throughout |
| father | پدر | pedar | Critical | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:1 |
| holy_spirit | روحالقدس | Ruh-ol-Qods | Critical | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:20 |
| glory | جلال | jalal | Medium | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:8, 1:24, 1:25 |
| apostle | رسول | rasul | High | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:17 |
| prophesy/prophecy | نبوت (کردن) | nabovat (kardan) | Low | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:14 |
| peace | سلام | salam | Medium | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:2 |
| salvation / save / savior | نجات / نجات دادن / نجاتدهنده | nejat / nejat dadan / nejat-dahande | Critical | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:3, 1:23, 1:25 |
| sin | گناه | gonah | High | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:15, 1:23 |
| exhort | تشویق کردن / نصیحت کردن | tashviq kardan / nasihat kardan | Low | Reused (Romans TM) | 1:3 |
B. New Terms Introduced by Jude
| English Term | Original (Greek) | Persian Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Reason / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| contend earnestly | ἐπαγωνίζομαι | بهسختی دفاع کردن | be-sakhti defa’ kardan | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | REJECTED: any ج‑ه‑د (jihad-root) rendering — would recast doctrinal defense as literal/holy-war jihad, a dangerous false equivalence. |
| once for all delivered | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ (παραδίδωμι) | یکبار برای همیشه سپردهشده | yek-bar bara-ye hamishe seporde-shode | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Risk of assimilation into the Shia hadith isnad (chain-of-transmission) framework, implying ongoing re-authentication rather than a closed, sufficient apostolic deposit. |
| common (salvation) | κοινός | مشترک | moshtarek | Low | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Low risk on its own; combined with نجات (Critical, reused). |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια | خدانشناس / خدانشناسی | khoda-nashenas / khoda-nashenasi | Critical | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | REJECTED: بیدین/بیدینی — the live real-world Iranian accusatory label for apostates; using it risks the description of false teachers boomeranging onto the reader’s own precarious legal status as a convert. |
| crept in unnoticed | παρεισδύνω | پنهانی نفوذ کردن | penhani nofuz kardan | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | نفوذ carries strong Iranian political-security “infiltrator” connotations; ensure reading stays doctrinal (infiltration of the church), not political. |
| licentiousness / gross immorality | ἀσέλγεια / ἐκπορνεύω | بیبندوباری / بیبندوباری جنسی شدید | bi-band-o-bari / bi-band-o-bari-ye jensi-e shadid | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | REJECTED: زنا (zena) — Iran’s specific Sharia hadd-punishment legal category; using it imports a live criminal-legal register rather than Jude’s general moral-abandon sense. |
| Master (distinct from Lord) | δεσπότης | سرور | sarvar | Critical | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Lordship of Christ | REJECTED: مولا (mowla) — the central Shia title for Ali (Hadith of Ghadir); would import Imamate lordship-succession content onto Christ. Reuses the baseline’s own “too weak for κύριος” term precisely because δεσπότης is the narrower, distinct Greek word. |
| dominion/authority (κυριότης, distinct noun from κύριος) | κυριότης | فرمانروایی | farmanravaei | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Kept lexically distinct from خداوند (κύριος) to preserve Jude’s own noun distinction. |
| revile / blaspheme | βλασφημέω | توهین کردن | tohin kardan | Critical | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | REJECTED: کفر گفتن (kofr goftan) — Iran’s own live blasphemy/insult-of-the-sacred criminal-legal category, carrying severe real-world penalties; a general “insult” verb avoids this collision. |
| archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | سرفرشته / رئیس فرشتگان | sar-fereshte | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | Michael (میکائیل) is a positive Quranic bridge-name (2:98), but the dispute-over-Moses’-body narrative (from Jewish apocryphal tradition) is not Quranic content and should not be assumed familiar. |
| kept / keep (recurring key verb) | τηρέω / φυλάσσω | حفظ کردن / نگاه داشتن | hefz kardan / negah dashtan | Medium/High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | حفظ collocates with hifz al-Qur’an (Quran memorization); the bare verb is common secular Persian, but must never be read as “memorized/recited” here. Render identically at every occurrence (1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24) for structural/theological consistency. |
| wandering / error (πλάνη, ἀστέρες πλανῆται) | πλάνη / πλανήτης | گمراهی / ستارگان گمراه | gomrahi / setaregan-e gomrah | High | OT Warnings as Types / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | گمراهی is the central term of Surah al-Fatiha’s petition against being “led astray” — a doctrinally apt but extremely high-frequency, devotionally loaded Islamic category; teach in deliberate dialogue with this association. |
| way of Cain | Κάϊν | قابیل | Qabil | High | OT Warnings as Types | Positive Quranic bridge-name (Surah 5:27-31), but narrative details differ; do not assume full Quranic Cain/Abel content transfers. |
| Enoch / prophesied | Ἑνώχ | خنوخ | Khanukh | Critical | OT Warnings as Types / Fulfillment of Prophecy | Risk of conflation with the Quranic prophet Idris (19:56-57), popularly identified with Enoch and already exalted to a “high station”; must clarify Jude cites a true prophetic utterance without canonizing the whole non-canonical Book of Enoch. |
| love / love feast | ἀγάπη | محبت | mohabbat | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering (contextual) | REJECTED as primary term: عشق (eshq) — the central Sufi mystical love-term (Rumi, Hafez), tied to mystical union/self-annihilation (fana); محبت is the safer, established Persian-Christian register term. |
| shepherd (self-serving) | ποιμαίνω | شبانی/چوپانی کردن | shabani/chupani kardan | Low | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Standard pastoral-leadership metaphor; contrast with legitimate shepherding is contextual, not lexical. |
| worldly-minded, devoid of the Spirit | ψυχικός | نفسانی | nafsani | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Genuine structural bridge to Sufi nafs/ruh anthropology, but Sufi nafs-subjugation is an attainable mystical stage, while Jude’s category is a binary status determined by the Spirit’s objective presence or absence; must be taught as distinct. |
| divisive (schismatic) | ἀποδιορίζω | تفرقهانداز | tafreqe-andaz | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Low collision risk; descriptive term for factionalism. |
| convict / judgment | ἐλέγχω / κρίσις | آشکار ساختن گناه / داوری | ashkar sakhtan-e gonah / davari | Critical | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | داوری preferred over قضاوت (qazavat, more specifically Islamic-juridical) to keep divine eschatological judgment distinct from the mizan (deeds-scale) framework already flagged in the Romans baseline’s “sin” entry. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | رحمت | rahmat | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Central daily Islamic devotional term (Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim); strong positive bridge, but must be taught as Christ-secured and confidently awaited, not merit-balanced within the mizan framework. |
| doubting / wavering | διακρίνομαι | مردد بودن | moraddad budan | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Must be pastorally distinguished from the hardened, wilfully rebellious false teachers described elsewhere in the letter — this names believers still rescuable, not yet lost. |
| snatch (rescue from fire) | ἁρπάζω | ربودن | robudan | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Vivid, low-collision native verb for urgent rescue. |
| servant / bondservant | δοῦλος | بنده | bandeh | Medium | (Salutation; undergirds Adoption) | Strong shared vocabulary (Islamic ‘abd Allah); enrich with relational/adoptive sonship so servanthood is not the whole of believer identity. |
| beloved (address to believers) | ἀγαπητοί / ἠγαπημένοις | عزیزان | azizan | Low | (Salutation) | Prefer عزیزان over محبوب, reserving the latter’s strong Sufi “Divine Beloved” resonance for God as the object of love, not human addressees. |
| without stumbling | ἄπταιστος | بدون لغزش | bedun-e lazesh | Medium | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Possible assimilation into the Quranic “sirat al-mustaqim” (straight path) devotional image; teach as Christ’s keeping power, not the believer’s own successful path-walking. |
| present … blameless | ἵστημι (στῆσαι) / ἄμωμος | حاضر ساختن / بیعیب | hazer sakhtan / bi-eyb | Critical | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Direct continuity with the Romans baseline’s “imputed_righteousness”/“justification” cautions: a conferred status secured by God’s keeping power, never a self-achieved ritual or deeds-weighed purity. |
| great joy (doxological) | ἀγαλλίασις | شادی عظیم | shadi-ye azim | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | REJECTED: وجد (vajd) — a specific Sufi ecstatic-rapture technical term (dhikr/sama); would conflate Jude’s eschatological joy with Sufi mystical experience. |
| only God | μόνος Θεός | خدای واحد / تنها خدا | khoda-ye vahed / tanha khoda | High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Genuine tawhid-compatible affirmation, but the doxology’s routing of glory “through Jesus Christ our Lord” is implicitly Trinitarian and must not be flattened into excluding Christ’s deity. |
| majesty | μεγαλωσύνη | عظمت | azamat | Low/Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Standard, largely uncomplicated doxological vocabulary. |
| dominion (κράτος) | κράτος | قدرت | qodrat | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Shares the root of the baseline’s “قدرت خدا” (power_of_god); consistent with existing Romans usage. |
| authority (ἐξουσία) | ἐξουσία | اقتدار | eqtedar | Medium/High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Frequently used in Iranian state/religious-political rhetoric (cf. baseline’s Velayat-e Faqih caution under kingdom_of_god); keep distinct from any political register. |
| eternal fire / eternal (αἰώνιος contexts) | πῦρ αἰώνιον / αἰών | آتش ابدی / ابد | atash-e abadi / abad | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | Secondary cultural undertone: Zoroastrian tradition treats fire as sacred/purifying, not primarily punitive; ensure “eternal fire” is not softened toward a refining sense Jude does not intend. |
| example / punishment (Sodom) | δεῖγμα / δίκη | نمونه (عبرت) / کیفر | nemuneh (ebrat) / keyfar | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | عبرت (moral-lesson/warning-example) is a genuinely useful bridge term, also used in Islamic homiletic reference to Quranic narrative-examples. |
| rebellion (Korah) | ἀντιλογία | شورش / مخالفت | shuresh / mokhalefat | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Israel/authority) | شورش may carry secondary political-revolutionary overtones in Iranian usage; context should keep the reference to rebellion against God-appointed authority, not contemporary politics. |
| dreamers | ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι | رؤیاپرداز / خیالپرداز | ro’ya-pardaz | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Must be distinguished from legitimate prophetic dream/vision revelation (cf. baseline’s “inspiration_of_scripture”) and from Islamic dream-interpretation practice (istikhara). |
C. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Jude Curriculum Doctrines)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Key Terms (from Sections A & B) |
|---|---|
| Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | ایمان (faith), مقدسین (saints), بهسختی دفاع کردن (contend earnestly), یکبار برای همیشه سپردهشده (once for all delivered), نجات مشترک (common salvation), رسول (apostle — for the apostolic deposit) |
| Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | خدانشناس (ungodly), پنهانی نفوذ کردن (crept in unnoticed), بیبندوباری (licentiousness), سرور (Master), فرمانروایی (dominion), توهین کردن (revile/blaspheme), نفسانی (worldly-minded), تفرقهانداز (divisive), آشکار ساختن گناه/داوری (convict/judgment), رؤیاپرداز (dreamers), گمراهی (error/wandering) |
| OT Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) | نجات دادن (destroyed those who did not believe — نجات root context), سرفرشته (archangel), خنوخ (Enoch), قابیل (Cain), بلعام (Balaam), قورح (Korah), آتش ابدی (eternal fire), نمونه/عبرت (example), کیفر (punishment), شورش (rebellion) |
| Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | رحمت (mercy), مردد بودن (doubting/wavering), ربودن (snatch), نجات دادن (save) |
| Kept by God and Presented Blameless | حفظ کردن (kept), بدون لغزش (without stumbling), حاضر ساختن (present), بیعیب (blameless), محبت خدا (love of God) |
| Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | خدای واحد (the only God), نجاتدهنده (Savior), جلال (glory), عظمت (majesty), قدرت (dominion), اقتدار (authority), شادی عظیم (great joy), آمین (Amen) |
D. Notes on Cross-Curriculum Consistency
- All Section A terms must be rendered identically to the Romans
translation_memory.jsonentries; no Jude-specific variation is permitted for these terms. - New Section B terms must be added to a shared, version-incremented translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins, per the
12_ai_translation_requirements.mdload-and-enforcement protocol. - The recurring verb حفظ کردن (τηρέω/φυλάσσω, “kept”) must be rendered with the same Persian verb at every one of its five occurrences in Jude (1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24) to preserve the letter’s structural theology of divine and human “keeping.”
- The rejected-term list in Section B (بیدین, زنا, مولا, کفر, عشق, وجد) should be treated with the same absolute-forbidden status as the Romans baseline’s own forbidden-substitution list and added to the Phase 2 validation checklist for the Jude curriculum.
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: Khodavand
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: سرور
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Occurs at Jude 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25. At 1:4 κύριος is paired with the distinct noun δεσπότης (‘Master,’ see master_despotes) applied to the same Christ; render خداوند consistently at every occurrence so both titles are perceived as describing one Person’s supreme, exclusive lordship, never a lesser and a greater lord.
Jesus
Approved rendering: عیسی
Transliteration: Isa
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). The Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine ‘Isa narrative must be actively corrected at every occurrence, especially in the eschatological-coming passage (1:14-15) where Christ’s own return must never be phrased as subordinate to the Hidden Imam (Mahdi) eschatological framework.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masih
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Occurs throughout Jude in the compound ‘Jesus Christ.’ Every occurrence must actively assert Christ’s own primary, sufficient role, given the Shia Mahdi-centered eschatological displacement risk documented in the baseline.
God
Approved rendering: خدا
Transliteration: Khoda
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: الله
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). The closing doxology (1:25) routes glory to ‘the only God our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord’ — an implicitly Trinitarian structure; خدا must not be flattened into a unitarian monotheism excluding Christ’s deity.
Father
Approved rendering: پدر
Transliteration: pedar
Doctrine: Divine Calling, Sainthood, and Servanthood
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Occurs in the salutation (1:1, ‘in God the Father’); shares the same tawhid-anthropomorphism objection documented in the baseline. Enrich with the relational sense already established rather than a bare title.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روحالقدس
Transliteration: Ruh-ol-Qods
Doctrine: Spirit-Empowered Prayer
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:19-20 contrasts those ‘devoid of the Spirit’ (ψυχικοί, see worldly_minded) with ‘praying in the Holy Spirit’ — the created-being-versus-divine-Person distinction (against the mainstream tafsir identification with Jibril/Gabriel) must be made explicit at this occurrence, since the text asserts prayer occurring ‘in’ this Person.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: nejat
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:3 speaks of ‘our common salvation’ (κοινῆς σωτηρίας, see common_salvation). Must be kept categorically distinct from the Karbala/Hussein martyrdom-intercession framework per the baseline’s caution.
Save
Approved rendering: نجات دادن
Transliteration: nejat dadan
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Built on the reused نجات root. Jude 1:23 commands believers to ‘save others, snatching them out of the fire’ — urgent, active rescue of wavering believers, never a Karbala-style intercessory merit transfer.
Savior
Approved rendering: نجاتدهنده
Transliteration: nejat-dahande
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
Built on the reused نجات root. Jude 1:25 (‘to the only God our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord’) is the letter’s single explicit Savior-title; must be taught as Christ-secured deliverance categorically distinct from, not merely superior to, the Karbala/Hussein martyrdom-intercession framework of popular Shia piety.
Common Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات مشترک
Transliteration: nejat-e moshtarek
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
κοινῆς σωτηρίας (1:3), the salvation jointly possessed by all believers, the reason Jude intended a general letter before urgency intervened. Risk inherited in full from نجات (Critical); مشترک (‘shared/common’) is Low risk on its own.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: خدانشناس
Transliteration: khoda-nashenas
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: بیدین, بیدینی, کافر
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
ἀσεβής/ἀσέβεια, recurring at 1:4, 1:15 (×4), 1:18. NEVER render as بیدین/بیدینی — the live, real-world Iranian accusatory label for apostates; using it risks the letter’s condemnation of false teachers boomeranging onto the reader’s own precarious legal status as a Muslim-background convert. کافر is even more legally loaded (takfīr/hadd association). خدانشناس preserves the theological charge (failure of true reverence toward God) without invoking apostasy-accusation vocabulary. Render identically at every occurrence.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: سرور
Transliteration: sarvar
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مولا
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
δεσπότης (1:4), a distinct title from κύριος applied to the same Christ, stacking mastery-by-ownership onto supreme lordship. NEVER use مولا — the central Shia title for Ali (Hadith of Ghadir); this would directly import Shia Imamate lordship-succession content onto Christ. سرور was flagged in the Romans baseline as too weak for κύριος alone, but that weakness is exactly repurposed here for the narrower δεσπότης, preserving the two-title stacking effect on one Person without implying two divine referents.
Revile Blaspheme
Approved rendering: توهین کردن
Transliteration: tohin kardan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: کفر گفتن
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Sin
βλασφημέω, recurring at 1:8 and 1:10. NEVER use کفر گفتن — Iran’s own live blasphemy/insult-of-the-sacred criminal-legal category carries severe real penalties; rendering this with کفر would import an active criminal-legal register into a descriptive statement about false teachers’ arrogance, dangerously resembling a live accusation if misapplied. توهین کردن conveys the moral seriousness without the criminal-legal collision.
Enoch
Approved rendering: خنوخ
Transliteration: Khanukh
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ادریس (Idris, as a direct proper-name substitution)
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Old Testament Types
‘The seventh from Adam,’ whose prophetic utterance Jude quotes (1:14-15) from the non-canonical Book of 1 Enoch. One of the most theologically delicate points in the book for a Persian, Muslim-background audience: some Islamic tradition identifies the Quranic prophet Idris (19:56-57, already ‘raised up to a high station’) with the biblical Enoch. Creates a double risk: (1) importing Idris’s already-exalted, ascension-related Islamic status onto this passage, and (2) readers questioning whether Jude’s citation canonizes the whole non-canonical Book of Enoch. Teaching material must explicitly clarify both points and never use ادریس as a substitute proper name.
Convict Judgment
Approved rendering: آشکار ساختن گناه / داوری
Transliteration: ashkar sakhtan-e gonah / davari
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment and the Lord’s Coming
Rejected alternatives: قضاوت
Original: ἐλέγχω / κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
ἐλέγχω / κρίσις (1:15), the judgment executed by the Lord’s coming upon all the ungodly. داوری (a native, neutral court-judgment word) is preferred over قضاوت (qazavat), which carries a more specifically Islamic-juridical/qadi flavor, to keep divine eschatological judgment distinct from the Islamic mizan (deeds-scale) framework already flagged in the Romans baseline under ‘sin.‘
Present Blameless
Approved rendering: حاضر ساختن / بیعیب
Transliteration: hazer sakhtan / bi-eyb
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἵστημι (στῆσαι) / ἄμωμος
Category: Salvation
ἵστημι (στῆσαι) / ἄμωμος (1:24), to cause to stand, present, in an unblemished (sacrificial-purity-derived) state — the doxology’s climactic image of the believer’s final, God-accomplished standing. Direct continuity with the Romans baseline’s imputed_righteousness and justification cautions: بیعیب describes a status secured and conferred by God’s own keeping power (1:1, 1:21, 1:24), never an achievement of ritual purity, ascetic self-discipline, or deeds-weighed sufficiency.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith / Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Shares the same six-pillars creedal-assent structure as Arabic iman, with the Shia-specific Imamate layer noted in the baseline. Jude 1:3, 1:20 additionally shift πίστις toward the objective apostolic deposit (‘the faith,’ ‘your most holy faith’); disambiguate with a demonstrative qualifier (e.g. همین ایمان) rather than a separate coinage, so ایمان still carries both the subjective-trust and objective-deposit senses distinguishably by context.
Grace
Approved rendering: فیض
Transliteration: feyz
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: لطف
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:4 depicts false teachers who ‘turn the grace of our God into licentiousness’ (فیض را وسیله بیبندوباری کردن) — the passage where feyz’s collapse into an automatic, license-granting sense (rather than a freely willed personal gift) is most acute. Render the surrounding phrase with بیبندوباری, never a Sharia-hadd term, so the misuse-of-grace charge stays doctrinal, not penal-legal.
Called
Approved rendering: دعوتشده
Transliteration: da’vat-shode
Doctrine: Divine Calling, Sainthood, and Servanthood
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:1 uses this of all believers in the effectual-calling sense (as in Romans 8:28-30), not a calling to a specific office.
Sin
Approved rendering: گناه
Transliteration: gonah
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Underlies the ἐλέγχω/convict language of 1:15 (‘to convict all… of all their harsh words which ungodly sinners have spoken’).
Contend Earnestly
Approved rendering: بهسختی دفاع کردن
Transliteration: be-sakhti defa’ kardan
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: جهاد, مجاهدت, مبارزه
Original: ἐπαγωνίζομαι
Category: Faith
The letter’s thesis verb (ἐπαγωνίζομαι, 1:3). NEVER use any ج-ه-د (jihad-root) vocabulary — this would recast doctrinal defense as literal or holy-war jihad, a dangerous false equivalence in an Iranian context. مبارزه (struggle/combat) is also rejected as still carrying a militant/political-revolutionary register. بهسختی دفاع کردن (a neutral legal/defensive verb intensified by an adverb) preserves the vigor without either collision.
Once For All Delivered
Approved rendering: یکبار برای همیشه سپردهشده
Transliteration: yek-bar bara-ye hamishe seporde-shode
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ (παραδίδωμι)
Category: Covenant
ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ (1:3): the closed, complete, non-repeatable apostolic deposit of doctrine. Risk that Shia hadith-culture readers instinctively assimilate ‘delivered’ into the isnad (chain-of-transmission) framework used to authenticate hadith, implying the faith still needs ongoing scholarly re-authentication. Must be taught as a completed, sufficient, closed deposit; also functions apologetically against the naskh (abrogation) doctrine flagged in the Romans baseline.
Licentiousness
Approved rendering: بیبندوباری / بیبندوباری جنسی شدید
Transliteration: bi-band-o-bari / bi-band-o-bari-ye jensi-e shadid
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: زنا
Original: ἀσέλγεια / ἐκπορνεύω
Category: Sin
ἀσέλγεια (1:4) / ἐκπορνεύω (1:7, Sodom). NEVER use زنا — Iran’s specific Sharia hadd-punishment legal category with severe real-world penalties; using it imports a live criminal-legal register into a text about divine, not civil, judgment. The descriptive phrase preserves moral seriousness without this collision.
Kept
Approved rendering: حفظ کردن / نگاه داشتن
Transliteration: hefz kardan / negah dashtan
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω / φυλάσσω
Category: Sanctification
τηρέω/φυλάσσω, the letter’s structural backbone verb (1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24 [φυλάσσω]). حفظ is theologically weighty but is also the term for hifz al-Qur’an (Quran memorization) and the noun حافظ (huffaz, Quran-memorizer); ensure ‘kept’ in Jude is never read as ‘memorized/recited.’ MUST be rendered with the SAME Persian verb at every occurrence to preserve the letter’s reciprocal theology of divine keeping and human responsibility. Provide a disambiguating clause at first occurrence.
Wandering Error
Approved rendering: گمراهی / ستارگان گمراه
Transliteration: gomrahi / setaregan-e gomrah
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of the False Teachers
Original: πλάνη / πλανήτης
Category: Church
πλάνη (1:11, Balaam’s error) / ἀστέρες πλανῆται (1:13, ‘wandering stars’). گمراهی is the central term of Surah al-Fatiha’s daily petition against being ‘led astray’ (al-dhalleen) — an extremely high-frequency, devotionally loaded Islamic category recited by every practicing Muslim multiple times daily. Doctrinally apt as a bridge (false teachers as failed guides) but must be taught in deliberate dialogue with, not merely alongside, this embedded devotional association.
Cain
Approved rendering: قابیل
Transliteration: Qabil
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of the False Teachers
Original: Κάϊν
Category: Old Testament Types
‘The way of Cain’ (1:11), a type of self-serving jealousy/murder. قابیل is a genuine positive Quranic bridge-name (Surah 5:27-31), but narrative details differ; do not assume the full Quranic Cain/Abel account transfers directly onto Jude’s brief typological reference.
Worldly Minded
Approved rendering: نفسانی
Transliteration: nafsani
Doctrine: Spirit-Empowered Prayer
Original: ψυχικός
Category: Anthropology
ψυχικός (1:19), operating on merely natural human capacity, lacking the Holy Spirit — Jude’s decisive theological diagnosis of the false teachers. Genuine structural bridge to Sufi anthropology’s nafs/ruh distinction, but Sufi nafs-subjugation is an attainable mystical stage reached through ascetic discipline (culminating in fana), while Jude’s ψυχικός/πνευματικός distinction is a binary status determined by the Spirit’s objective presence or absence through regeneration. This distinction must be taught explicitly, not assumed.
Mercy
Approved rendering: رحمت
Transliteration: rahmat
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: لطف
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
ἔλεος, at 1:2 part of the opening blessing, and at 1:21-23 the goal of confident hope and the mode of rescuing the wavering. رحمت is the single most theologically central word in daily Iranian-Islamic religious life (opening every Quran surah but one). A strong positive bridge, but Islamic rahmat is typically situated within the mizan (deeds-weighing) framework, tempering justice at a final reckoning, rather than being secured in advance through Christ’s finished atoning work and confidently awaited. Teaching material must present Jude’s ἔλεος as Christ-secured, not merit-balanced. لطف is rejected as too weak for the weight this term must carry.
Doubting Wavering
Approved rendering: مردد بودن
Transliteration: moraddad budan
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρίνομαι
Category: Faith
διακρίνομαι (1:22), to be divided in mind, waver, at risk of being drawn away by false teaching. Must be sharply distinguished pastorally from the hardened, willfully rebellious false teachers condemned throughout the rest of the letter (1:4-19); this names believers still rescuable, not yet lost. مردد بودن (a general ‘hesitant’ term) is preferable to a stronger doubt-word implying settled unbelief.
Only God
Approved rendering: خدای واحد / تنها خدا
Transliteration: khoda-ye vahed / tanha khoda
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μόνος Θεός
Category: God
μόνος Θεός (1:25), the sole, unique God, to whom the doxology ascribes glory through Jesus Christ. A genuine, strong tawhid-compatible affirmation and a real point of agreement — but the doxology immediately routes this glory ‘through Jesus Christ our Lord,’ an implicitly Trinitarian structure that must never be flattened into a simple unitarian monotheism excluding Christ’s full deity. Never present خدای واحد as a stand-alone clause separated from the following Christ-clause.
Authority Exousia
Approved rendering: اقتدار
Transliteration: eqtedar
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: God
ἐξουσία (1:25), authority, the right to rule — the fourth doxological noun. اقتدار is frequently used in Iranian state and religious-political rhetoric, echoing the Romans baseline’s caution regarding Velayat-e Faqih under kingdom_of_god. This doxology ascribes eternal cosmic authority to God through Christ; keep this distinct from any contemporary political register.
Medium Risk Terms
Saints
Approved rendering: مقدسین
Transliteration: moqaddasin
Doctrine: Divine Calling, Sainthood, and Servanthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:3 addresses the whole believing community under threat from infiltrators; retain the corporate sense against any reading of مقدسین as a shrine-venerated or ascetic class.
Holy
Approved rendering: مقدس
Transliteration: moqaddas
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:20 (‘your most holy faith’) applies the term to the apostolic deposit itself, not merely to persons; keep the relational/moral sense over ritual purity.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalal
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude uses δόξα in two distinct senses: plural ‘glorious ones’ (1:8, referring to angelic beings, not God’s own glory) and God’s own glory in the doxology (1:24-25). Flag the 1:8 occurrence with a contextual note so جلال is not misread as divine glory when referring to angels.
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasul
Doctrine: Apostleship and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:17 appeals to remembering ‘what the apostles… predicted’; the apostolic deposit functions as the doctrinal standard against which the false teachers are judged. Retains the same Shia-Imamate-succession competition risk documented in the baseline; never soften toward a generic ‘messenger.‘
Peace
Approved rendering: سلام
Transliteration: salam
Doctrine: Divine Calling, Sainthood, and Servanthood
Rejected alternatives: آرامش
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Occurs in the opening blessing-triad (1:2, ‘mercy, peace, and love’); render سلام consistently, never آرامش (the secular wellness/self-help ‘inner calm’ term).
Crept In Unnoticed
Approved rendering: پنهانی نفوذ کردن
Transliteration: penhani nofuz kardan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: παρεισδύνω
Category: Church
παρεισδύνω (1:4): covert infiltration of false teachers. نفوذ is heavily used in Iranian political-security discourse (‘نفوذی,’ infiltrator, is a serious state-rhetoric accusation); ensure surrounding prose keeps the reference unambiguously ecclesial (infiltration of the church), never adjacent to political-security vocabulary.
Dominion Kyriotes
Approved rendering: فرمانروایی
Transliteration: farmanravaei
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κυριότης
Category: Christology
κυριότης (1:8), governing dominion/authority, a distinct noun from κύριος rejected by the false teachers. Kept lexically distinct from خداوند (used for κύριος) so Jude’s own noun distinction between the title ‘Lord’ and the abstract ‘dominion’ he exercises is preserved in Persian.
Archangel
Approved rendering: سرفرشته / رئیس فرشتگان
Transliteration: sar-fereshte
Doctrine: Angelology and Angelic Order
Original: ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Angelology
ἀρχάγγελος (1:9), Michael’s title. The dispute-over-Moses’-body narrative (drawn from Jewish apocryphal tradition, the Testament/Assumption of Moses) is not Quranic content and should not be assumed familiar to Persian readers even though Michael’s name is recognized.
Michael
Approved rendering: میکائیل
Transliteration: Mika’il
Doctrine: Angelology and Angelic Order
Original: Μιχαήλ
Category: Angelology
Μιχαήλ (1:9), the archangel who disputed with the devil over Moses’ body, modeling restrained deference. میکائیل is a genuine positive point of contact, also named in the Quran (2:98), but Islamic angelology assigns Mika’il a specific role (provision/rain in popular tradition) distinct from this dispute-narrative; teach Jude’s own source narrative rather than assuming Quranic content transfers directly.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: آتش ابدی
Transliteration: atash-e abadi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Eschatology
πῦρ αἰώνιον (1:7). Secondary cultural undertone: pre-Islamic Zoroastrian religion treats fire (Atar) as a sacred, purifying element associated with divine presence in fire-temples, not primarily an instrument of punishment. Ensure ‘eternal fire’ is not softened toward a refining/purifying sense Jude does not intend.
Example And Punishment
Approved rendering: نمونه (عبرت) / کیفر
Transliteration: nemuneh (ebrat) / keyfar
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: δεῖγμα / δίκη
Category: Old Testament Types
δεῖγμα / δίκη (1:7). عبرت (moral-lesson/warning-example) is a genuinely useful bridge term, also a well-established Islamic homiletic term used of Quranic narrative-examples — a positive point of contact for teaching material.
Rebellion Antilogia
Approved rendering: شورش / مخالفت
Transliteration: shuresh / mokhalefat
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of the False Teachers
Original: ἀντιλογία
Category: Old Testament Types
ἀντιλογία (1:11), Korah’s rebellion against God-appointed authority. شورش may carry secondary political-revolutionary overtones in contemporary Iranian usage; context must keep the reference to rebellion against God-appointed authority, not present-day politics.
Dreamers
Approved rendering: رؤیاپرداز / خیالپرداز
Transliteration: ro’ya-pardaz / khiyal-pardaz
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι
Category: Church
ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι (1:8), given to visionary fantasy, defiling the flesh through false claims of revelation. Must be distinguished from legitimate prophetic dream/vision revelation (cf. the Romans baseline’s inspiration_of_scripture) and from Islamic dream-interpretation practice (istikhara); not a blanket dismissal of all dreams or visions.
Woe
Approved rendering: وای بر ایشان
Transliteration: vay bar ishan
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of the False Teachers
Original: οὐαί
Category: Eschatology
οὐαί (1:11), a prophetic interjection of impending judgment/lament, not a casual exclamation. وای is shared across Persian/Arabic; ensure the prophetic-judgment weight of the OT/NT ‘woe’ oracles is conveyed, not a merely casual expression of regret.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: محبت
Transliteration: mohabbat
Doctrine: Love and Fellowship Among Believers
Rejected alternatives: عشق
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
ἀγάπη, at 1:12 the communal ‘love feasts’ corrupted by the false teachers, and at 1:2, 1:21 the love of God/believers. NEVER use عشق (eshq) as the primary rendering — the central Sufi mystical love-term (Rumi, Hafez), tied to mystical union/self-annihilation (fana); محبت is the safer, established Persian-Christian register term and must remain the default doctrinal gloss.
Divisive
Approved rendering: تفرقهانداز
Transliteration: tafreqe-andaz
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀποδιορίζω
Category: Church
ἀποδιορίζω (1:19), the false teachers’ schismatic effect on the church. Descriptive term for factionalism; ensure it is not read as ordinary disagreement rather than doctrinally destructive schism.
Snatch
Approved rendering: ربودن
Transliteration: robudan
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἁρπάζω
Category: Salvation
ἁρπάζω (1:23), to seize forcibly, rescue urgently — the mode of saving wavering believers. Vivid, native verb well-suited to urgent rescue imagery, with no significant competing religious association in Persian.
Servant Doulos
Approved rendering: بنده
Transliteration: bandeh
Doctrine: Divine Calling, Sainthood, and Servanthood
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Identity
δοῦλος (1:1), Jude’s self-designation. بنده is deeply established shared vocabulary (the standard Islamic pious self-designation, ‘abd Allah) — a strong positive bridge, but Islamic usage emphasizes submission-based servitude; enrich with the relational, beloved/kept status also true of believers (see father, kept) so servanthood is not read as the whole of believer identity before God.
Without Stumbling
Approved rendering: بدون لغزش
Transliteration: bedun-e lazesh
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἄπταιστος
Category: Sanctification
ἄπταιστος (1:24), not stumbling, without a misstep — God’s ability to keep believers so. Possible subtle assimilation into the Quranic sirat al-mustaqim (‘the straight path’) image recited in every formal Muslim prayer — a positive point of contact, but must be taught as Christ’s own keeping power securing the believer, not the believer’s own successful path-walking.
Great Joy
Approved rendering: شادی عظیم
Transliteration: shadi-ye azim
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: وجد
Original: ἀγαλλίασις
Category: Eschatology
ἀγαλλίασις (1:24), intense, exultant joy — the mood of the believer’s final blameless presentation. NEVER use وجد (vajd) — a specific Sufi technical term for ecstatic mystical rapture experienced in dhikr/sama gatherings; using it here risks conflating Jude’s eschatological, Christ-secured joy with Sufi mystical-ecstatic experience. شادی عظیم (a plain, non-technical joy phrase) avoids this collision.
Dominion Kratos
Approved rendering: قدرت
Transliteration: qodrat
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: κράτος
Category: God
κράτος (1:25), might, effective power — one of the four doxological nouns. Shares the root of the Romans baseline’s قدرت خدا (power_of_god); render consistently with existing Romans usage.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: زندگی جاودان / حیات ابدی
Transliteration: zendegi-ye javdan / hayat-e abadi
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment and the Lord’s Coming
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
ζωὴ αἰώνιος (1:21), unending life with God, the goal of the mercy awaited at Christ’s return. Ensure it is understood as the outcome of Christ-secured mercy (see mercy entry), not a separately merited reward within the mizan framework.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: نبوت (کردن)
Transliteration: nabovat (kardan)
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεύω
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package (root نبوت, identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:14 attributes a prophetic utterance to Enoch; the risk here is not the term itself (Low) but the Enoch/Idris identity question — see the ‘enoch’ entry for the associated Critical-risk doctrinal caution.
Exhort
Approved rendering: تشویق کردن / نصیحت کردن
Transliteration: tashviq kardan / nasihat kardan
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (identical rendering, no deviation). Jude 1:3 uses the entreaty sense (‘I found it necessary to write appealing to you’); use نصیحت کردن register here per the baseline’s context-sensitivity rule.
Balaam
Approved rendering: بلعام
Transliteration: Bal’am
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of the False Teachers
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: Old Testament Types
‘The error of Balaam’ (1:11), a type of profit-driven false prophecy. Standard Persian Bible proper-name form; low independent collision risk beyond the shared πλάνη (‘error’) vocabulary used to describe him (see wandering_error).
Korah
Approved rendering: قورح
Transliteration: Qorah
Doctrine: Cain, Balaam, and Korah as Types of the False Teachers
Original: Κόρε
Category: Old Testament Types
‘The rebellion of Korah’ (1:11), a type of rebellion against God-appointed authority. Standard Persian Bible proper-name form; no Quranic parallel, so background must be supplied rather than assumed.
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: سدوم و عموره
Transliteration: Sadum va Amureh
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom)
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Old Testament Types
Cities destroyed by divine judgment (1:7), a proof-text type of certain, visible, historical judgment. Shared, recognizable proper names; the doctrinal risk in this passage resides in the surrounding ἐκπορνεύω vocabulary (see licentiousness), not in the place-names themselves.
Shepherd
Approved rendering: شبانی / چوپانی کردن
Transliteration: shabani / chupani kardan
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ποιμαίνω
Category: Church
ποιμαίνω (1:12), ironically, the false teachers ‘shepherding only themselves.’ Standard pastoral-leadership metaphor; the contrast with legitimate shepherding is contextual, not lexical.
Beloved Address
Approved rendering: عزیزان
Transliteration: azizan
Doctrine: Divine Calling, Sainthood, and Servanthood
Rejected alternatives: محبوب
Original: ἀγαπητοί / ἠγαπημένοις
Category: Church
ἀγαπητοί / ἠγαπημένοις (1:1, 1:3, 1:17, 1:20), Jude’s affectionate address to believers. Prefer عزیزان over محبوب, reserving محبوب’s strong Sufi ‘Divine Beloved’ resonance for God as the object of love, not for addressing fellow believers.
Majesty
Approved rendering: عظمت
Transliteration: azamat
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
μεγαλωσύνη (1:25), greatness/majesty, one of four doxological nouns ascribed to God. Standard, largely uncomplicated doxological vocabulary; no significant independent collision risk.
Amen
Approved rendering: آمین
Transliteration: Amin
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Liturgical
ἀμήν (1:25), a liturgical affirmation closing the doxology. Standard transliterated closing-doxology vocabulary per the Romans requirements document’s transliteration list.
Referenced passages