Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Həvari is the established Christian term (also used for Jesus' twelve).

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Risk: readers may map apostleship onto the Shia Imamate model of an infallible successive spiritual-political authority, rather than a Spirit-authorized eyewitness commission that ends with the apostolic generation.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  Noun form for the act/state of being called by God.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ, not merely ethnic or civic community (qardaşlıq-style belonging).

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  Əhd (also used in Əhdi-Ətiq/Əhdi-Cədid, Old/New Testament) is the established relational-covenant term.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Established Azerbaijani Bible proper name, recognizable from the Qur'anic Davud, though the Qur'an presents him as a prophet-king without the messianic covenant content Romans assumes.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  The Qur'anic Davud is a prophet-king; the specific covenant promise of an eternal royal line fulfilled in the Messiah has no Islamic parallel and requires deliberate background teaching.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: The single most direct collision with tawhid.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's sovereign call must be distinguished from qismət-style impersonal fate and from a merely optional religious invitation one may decline without consequence to God's purpose.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Context-sensitive: use yalvarmaq (entreat/beseech) for pleading; nəsihət vermək (advise/encourage) for building up.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically, not assent to a creed that in Shia usage includes belief in the Imamate.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  İman is shared with Islamic vocabulary, where in Shia usage it includes assent to the Imamate alongside the standard pillars.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment culminating in Christ contrasts with a pattern of successive, largely self-contained prophets each restating the same core message; Romans' cumulative, converging OT argument needs explicit unpacking.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  God's radiant honor and majesty.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  Unlike the Turkish Language Package's use of Tanrı, the Azerbaijani IBT Bible consistently uses Allah as the ordinary, settled word for God across all Azerbaijani speakers regardless of religion; this Language Package follows that established convention rather than importing the Turkish pattern.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  Must be distinguished from İncil treated purely as a disputed book.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Müjdə ('glad tidings') is the Institute for Bible Translation (IBT) Azerbaijani term for the living proclamation.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Islamic theology already affirms Jesus' full, real humanity, so this is common ground; the risk runs opposite to a Docetic-denial context — readers may over-affirm Christ's humanity and resist the accompanying claim of full deity.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: The eternal Son permanently taking on true human nature.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  CRITICAL: The eternal Son permanently, not temporarily, taking on true human nature.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Tahrif (belief in scriptural corruption) is taught across both Sunni and Shia tradition, but lay engagement with primary texts is often mediated by clergy (mullahs) rather than direct reading, which somewhat diffuses (without eliminating) the practical force of the objection compared to text-centered contexts.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  CRITICAL: İsa is the shared Azerbaijani/Qur'anic name for Jesus and alone signals only the Qur'anic prophet-Jesus to most readers.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  A forensic declaration ('being counted/reckoned righteous'), not merely forgiveness.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  Refers to the Mosaic law.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  Established Azerbaijani Bible term.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9 — İsa Rəbdir is the salvation confession and must be rendered without qualification.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: Məsih is shared with the Qur'anic al-Masih title given to Isa, but the Qur'an empties it of Old Testament content.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: The Qur'an grants Isa the al-Masih title but strips it of the OT king-priest-savior content Paul assumes.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  Müjdə yayma xidməti ('service of spreading good news') avoids təbliğ, which in Azerbaijani law and public discourse specifically denotes regulated religious propaganda and can carry legal sensitivity.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  Cultural sensitivity: təbliğ (proselytizing) is a regulated and legally sensitive category in Azerbaijani religious law; prefer proclamation-of-good-news framing over that term.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from a faith relationship already secured by grace, not dini vəzifə (religious duty-performance) that itself establishes standing before God.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  Qüdrət is the plain, doctrinally clean term for God's power, distinct from qəzəb (wrath) or generic omnipotence-and-fate framing common in folk religious speech.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  Qüdrət preferred over qəzəb (wrath) or generic fate-adjacent power language found in folk religious speech.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration pointing to Christ.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  Peyğəmbər is the standard shared Islamic-Azerbaijani term, and precisely the (exclusive) category Islamic theology places Jesus into.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  CRITICAL: Must affirm real bodily death followed by bodily resurrection.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: Qur'an 4:157 denies Jesus actually died on the cross.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: Never present as equivalent to saleh əməllər (righteous deeds), the works-ledger category central to Islamic judgment theology.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  All believers are müqəddəslər; this is not an elite class of specially graced figures venerated at shrines (övliyalar, pirs, ocaqlar), as Azerbaijani folk-religious practice might suggest.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Salvation received now through Christ's finished work, not an outcome deferred to a final Judgment-Day intercession.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: Xilas is the settled IBT term for deliverance through Christ's death and resurrection, received now.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise, a background largely unfamiliar to readers without OT exposure.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Must not be confused with Sufi-influenced asceticism or shrine-centered devotion (ziyarat, ocaq veneration) practiced in Azerbaijani folk religion.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Günah is the standard shared term, but Islamic anthropology (fitrə, humans born sinless) resists inherited universal sinfulness; Romans 5:12-19's doctrine of inherited sin needs explicit teaching support rather than assuming günah alone conveys it.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: Full phrase required, never softened to a servant euphemism.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Qur'an 112:3 states Allah 'neither begets nor is begotten.' Allahın Oğlu must be taught as eternal, non-physical Sonship within the Godhead, explicitly distinguished from literal biological offspring.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablements for the church's benefit, not kəramət (a saint or Imam's miraculous personal endowment) or a mark of individual spiritual rank.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  Always pair ruhani with hədiyyə; kəramət specifically denotes a miraculous endowment attributed to saints or Imams in Shia devotional tradition and must not be used.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term shared with everyday şükür vocabulary; low doctrinal risk and a genuine point of resonance.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term shared with the everyday Islamic-influenced şükür vocabulary.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  Islamic anthropology (fitrə, humans born sinless) resists inherited, universal sinfulness; Romans' 'all have sinned' must be taught as a deliberate claim, not softened into 'most people sin sometimes.'

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No ethnic or national barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universality even against millət (nation/ethno-religious community) identity categories.

  ROM.1.16