Passage
Romans 8
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Glossary Term
Abba
Aramaic term of intimacy preserved in Romans 8:15.
ROM.8.15, ROM.8.23
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Glossary Term
Adoption
過繼 (transferring an heir within a clan, historically common in Pearl River Delta single-surname villages to continue ancestor-worship obligations) is instrumental rather than relational.
ROM.8.15, ROM.8.23
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Doctrine
Adoption into God's Family
Full relational son-status with complete inheritance rights; distinguish from clan-succession adoption (過繼) practiced to continue ancestor-worship obligations, and from the unrelated folk custom of dedicating a child as a temple deity's 'godson' (認契仔).
ROM.8.15, ROM.8.23
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Doctrine
Assurance of Salvation
Assurance rests on God's unchanging character, not on an ongoing vow-and-favor exchange that could always still lapse if an offering or ritual obligation is neglected.
ROM.8.1, ROM.8.28-39
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Glossary Term
Called
NEVER use 命中注定 (destined by fate, a phrase drawn from Cantonese fortune-telling and astrology culture, e.g.
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Calling
NEVER use 命運 (impersonal fate) or 緣分 (jyun4 fan6, a predestined fortuitous connection, a very common concept in Cantonese popular romance/friendship idiom).
ROM.8.28-30
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Doctrine
Christian Identity in Christ
Identity located in union with Christ, not in clan/lineage standing, face/reputation, or accumulated merit.
ROM.8.1
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
Must be kept distinct from birth-chart astrology (八字) and fatalistic destiny language still commonly consulted in Hong Kong.
ROM.8.28-30
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not a birth-chart-determined fate (八字注定).
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Election
NEVER use 命運 (impersonal fate) or 八字注定 (baat3 zi6 zyu3 ding6, 'fixed by one's birth-chart', referencing the still-common Cantonese practice of birth-time astrology).
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Father
God as personal, caring Father.
ROM.8.15, ROM.8.23
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Doctrine
Incarnation
CRITICAL: NEVER 化身 (a deity's repeatable manifestation, as popularly attributed to Guanyin) or 顯靈 (a deity 'manifesting power' at a shrine, common Hong Kong temple-culture language).
ROM.8.3
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Glossary Term
Incarnation
CRITICAL: shared established Chinese Christian phrase (echoing John 1:14).
ROM.8.3
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Glossary Term
Intercession
Prayer on behalf of others addressed directly to God.
ROM.8.26-27
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Glossary Term
Peace
Everyday greeting/blessing word, reinforced in Hong Kong by common protective-charm culture (平安符) and lucky-day almanac consultation (老黃曆) before major decisions.
ROM.8.6
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Doctrine
Peace with God
Relational, covenantal peace through justification, not the general protection-from-misfortune sense reinforced by protective-charm and lucky-almanac culture.
ROM.8.6
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Doctrine
Prayer and Intercession
Direct access to God in Christ's name; distinguish from drawing a temple fortune-stick (求籤) or consulting a spirit-medium (問米) on someone else's behalf.
ROM.8.26-27
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Doctrine
Providence
God's personal, purposive care, not an annual fortune-forecast cycle (運程) consulted through Hong Kong almanac culture.
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Providence
NEVER use 天意 (impersonal 'heaven's intention') or 運程 (wan6 cing4, one's yearly fortune-forecast, a staple of Hong Kong New Year feng shui almanac culture).
ROM.8.28-30
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Glossary Term
Resurrection
CRITICAL: NEVER use 投胎轉世 (rebirth into a new womb) or frame resurrection using the imagery of 問米 (man6 mai5, a Cantonese folk-spirit-medium practice of 'calling down' a deceased person's spirit for consultation, still sought out in Hong Kong).
ROM.8.11
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Doctrine
Resurrection of Christ
CRITICAL: 復活, not 投胎轉世 (rebirth cycle) and not framed like a 問米 spirit-medium briefly summoning a deceased person's spirit.
ROM.8.11
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Glossary Term
Son Of God
CRITICAL: NEVER use 天子 ('Son of Heaven,' the historic Chinese imperial title).
ROM.8.3, ROM.8.29
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Doctrine
Sonship of Christ
CRITICAL: NEVER equate with 天子 ('Son of Heaven', the historic imperial title).
ROM.8.3, ROM.8.29