Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Timothy (English/Greek → Urdu)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by chapter of first occurrence. Terms already recorded in the baseline translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACT] and their recorded rendering is not altered. New terms proposed for this book are marked [NEW] and should be added to translation_memory.json at the appropriate Phase 2 step, with theologian sign-off required for every Critical/High entry per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Risk tiers and review routing follow the baseline’s definitions exactly: Critical/High → human theologian review; Medium → native speaker review; Low → automated review.
Section A — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans/Galatians Baseline
| Term | Urdu | Risk | Occurrences in 2 Timothy | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | خوش خبری | High | 1:8, 10; 2:8; 4:5 (εὐαγγελιστής root) | No deviation |
| grace | فضل | High | 1:2, 9; 2:1 | No deviation |
| faith | ایمان | High | 1:5, 13; 2:18, 22; 3:8, 10, 15; 4:7 | Object must remain explicit each time |
| righteousness | راستبازی | Critical | 2:22; 3:16; 4:8 | No deviation |
| salvation | نجات | Critical | 1:9; 2:10; 3:15; 4:18 | Contrastive teaching required every occurrence |
| apostle | رسول | Medium | 1:1, 11 | No deviation |
| called / calling | بلایا گیا / بلاہٹ | High | 1:9 | No deviation |
| holy | پاک | High | 1:9; 2:21; 3:15 | No deviation |
| sanctification | تقدیس | High | (implicit, 2:21) | No deviation |
| resurrection | قیامت | Critical | 2:8, 18 | Mandatory qualifying note every occurrence |
| lord | خداوند | Critical | 1:2, 8, 16, 18; 2:7, 19, 22, 24; 4:8, 14, 17, 18, 22 | Never softened |
| son of God / seed of David | داؤد کی نسل سے | High | 2:8 | Exact reuse |
| peace | صلح | Medium | 1:2; 2:22 | No deviation |
| spiritual gifts | روحانی نعمتیں | Medium | 1:6 (singular نعمت) | No deviation |
| power of God | خدا کی قدرت | High | 1:7, 8; 3:5 | No deviation |
| election | خدا کا انتخاب | High | 2:10 | No deviation |
| jesus | یسوع | Critical | throughout, as یسوع مسیح | Never bare عیسیٰ |
| god | خدا | Critical | throughout | Never اللہ |
| holy spirit | روح القدس | Critical | 1:14 | No deviation |
| father | باپ | Critical | (implicit) | — |
| self-control (Galatians extension) | ضبطِ نفس | Low | 1:7 (σωφρονισμός) | Reused for a related but distinct Greek term |
| hypocrisy (Galatians extension) | ریاکاری | Medium | 1:5 (root of ἀνυπόκριτος) | Reused with negating prefix |
| faithfulness, fruit sense (Galatians extension) | وفاداری | Medium | 2:13 | Kept distinct from ایمان |
| kingdom of God | خدا کی بادشاہی | Medium | 4:1, 18 (qualified “heavenly”) | No deviation |
| exhort (context-sensitive) | نصیحت کرنا | Low | 4:2 (παρακάλεσον) | Context-sensitive per baseline rule |
| mission / evangelist root | بشارت کی خدمت | Medium | 4:5 (root) | No دعوت/تبلیغ |
| glory | جلال | High | 2:10; 4:18 | Anchored to Christ/God each time |
| amen | آمین | Low | 4:18, 22 | Established transliteration |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Timothy
Chapter 1
| Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Urdu Rendering | Urdu Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mercy (standalone) | ἔλεος | eleos | pity, compassion | رحمت | raḥmat | Medium | (general) | Safe here as “mercy” distinct from its role as a rejected grace-substitute in the baseline |
| sincere/unfeigned faith | ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις | anypokritos pistis | un-hypocritical faith | بے ریا ایمان | be-riyā īmān | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Built on baseline ریاکاری |
| gift of God (singular) | χάρισμα | charisma | grace-gift | نعمت | ni’mat | Medium | Spiritual Gifts | Singular of baseline روحانی نعمتیں |
| laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | epithesis tōn cheirōn | placing of hands | ہاتھ رکھنا | hāth rakhnā | Medium | Ordination/Commissioning (new) | Distinguish from Sufi pir-to-disciple transmission |
| spirit of fear/cowardice | πνεῦμα δειλίας | pneuma deilias | spirit of timidity | بزدلی کی روح | buzdilī kī rūḥ | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | Lowercase روح; never confuse with روح القدس |
| love (agape) | ἀγάπη | agapē | love | محبت | muhabbat | Low | (general) | Safe, standard vocabulary |
| endure suffering / share hardship | κακοπαθέω | kakopatheō | to suffer evil/hardship | دکھ اٹھانا / مشکلات برداشت کرنا | dukh uṭhānā / mushkilāt bardāsht karnā | High | Perseverance under Suffering | Ties to apostasy_and_persecution_risk (baseline) |
| the appearing (of Christ) | ἐπιφάνεια | epiphaneia | a shining/appearing upon | ظہور | ẕuhūr | Critical | The Appearing/Return of Christ (new) | Collides with nuzūl-e-‘Īsā (return-of-Isa) hadith tradition; mandatory theologian review every occurrence (1:10; 4:1, 8) |
| abolished death | καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον | katargēsantos ton thanaton | nullified death | موت کو ختم کر دیا | mawt ko ḳhatm kar diyā | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | Presupposes crucifixion (Qur’an 4:157 denial) |
| immortality/incorruption | ἀφθαρσία | aphtharsia | imperishability | بے فنائی / لافانی زندگی | be-fanā’ī / lā-fānī zindagī | Medium | Resurrection of Christ; Assurance of Reward | Anchor to resurrection, not generic jannah-continuation |
| herald | κῆρυξ | kēryx | one who proclaims publicly | منادی کرنے والا | munādī karne wālā | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | Never واعظ/تبلیغ/دعوت |
| teacher | διδάσκαλος | didaskalos | teacher | معلم | mu’allim | Low-Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Prefer معلم over اُستاد (avoid permanent-authority framing) |
| deposit/trust | παραθήκη | parathēkē | that entrusted for safekeeping | امانت | amānat | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Genuine Qur’anic-ethical bridge word (4:58); anchor to gospel content specifically |
| guard | φυλάσσω | phylassō | to guard, keep watch | حفاظت کرنا | ḥifāz̤at karnā | Low | Guarding Sound Doctrine | — |
Chapter 2
| Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Urdu Rendering | Urdu Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| entrust | παρατίθημι | paratithēmi | to place beside, deposit with | سونپنا / امانت کے طور پر دینا | sõpnā / amānat ke t̤aur par denā | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | Verb form of امانت |
| soldier / athlete / farmer | στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός | stratiōtēs / athleō / geōrgos | soldier / compete / farmer | سپاہی / کھلاڑی / کسان | sipāhī / khilāṛī / kisān | Low | Perseverance under Suffering | Standard vocational metaphors |
| word of God unbound | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | ho logos tou theou ou dedetai | God’s word is not bound | خدا کا کلام قید میں نہیں | khudā kā kalām qaid mẽ nahī̃ | Low-Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | — |
| faithful saying | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | the word is trustworthy | یہ بات سچی اور بھروسے کے لائق ہے | yih bāt sachchī aur bharose ke lā’iq hai | Low | (general) | Formula introducing creed |
| deny (him) | ἀρνέομαι | arneomai | to disown, deny | انکار کرنا | inkār karnā | High | Christian Identity in Christ; Apostasy | Sits near real-world apostasy/murtad associations; pastoral care required |
| rightly handling (the word) | ὀρθοτομέω | orthotomeō | to cut straight | درست تشریح کرنا | durust tashrīḥ karnā | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Never صحیح تشریح (hadith-authentication/sahih collision) |
| gangrene (spreading corruption) | γάγγραινα | gaggraina | gangrene | نासور (پھیلنے والا زخم) | nāsūr | Low-Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Prefer ناسور over loanword |
| resurrection already happened (heresy) | ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι | anastasin ēdē gegonenai | resurrection already occurred | قیامت پہلے ہی ہو چکی ہے (جھوٹا دعویٰ) | qiyāmat pahle hī ho chukī hai | Critical | Resurrection of Christ; Apostasy and False Teachers | Note: Islamic theology also affirms future bodily qiyamat, a rare point of agreement in rejecting this specific heresy |
| foundation / seal | θεμέλιον / σφραγίς | themelion / sphragis | foundation / seal | بنیاد / مہر | bunyād / muhr | Low-Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | — |
| vessels of honor/dishonor | σκεύη εἰς τιμήν / ἀτιμίαν | skeuē eis timēn / atimian | vessels for honor/dishonor | عزت کے لیے برتن / بے عزتی کے لیے برتن | ’izzat ke liye bartan / be-‘izzatī ke liye bartan | Low-Medium | (general) | Honor/shame sensitivity per baseline flag |
| repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | change of mind, turning | توبہ | taubah | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Apostasy and False Teachers | Genuine shared Islamic term, but repentance-as-God’s-gift here contrasts with tawbah’s human-initiated model; teach explicitly |
| knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας | epignōsis alētheias | full knowledge of truth | سچائی کا علم | sachā’ī kā ‘ilm | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | Never معرفت (Sufi mystical-gnosis collision) |
| snare of the devil | παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου | pagis tou diabolou | trap of the slanderer | ابلیس کا جال / شیطان کا پھندا | iblīs kā jāl / shait̤ān kā phandā | Low-Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Safe shared vocabulary (Iblis/Shaitan) |
Chapter 3 (non-core; core passage terms are in Section C)
| Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Urdu Rendering | Urdu Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the last days | ἔσχαται ἡμέραι | eschatai hēmerai | final days | آخری دنوں میں | ākhrī dinõ mẽ | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | Teach as already-inaugurated, not purely futurist, vs. akhir-zamana signs-framework |
| perilous times | καιροὶ χαλεποί | kairoi chalepoi | difficult seasons | سخت وقت | saḳht waqt | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers | — |
| vice list (16 terms) | φίλαυτοι κ.τ.λ. | philautoi etc. | self-lovers etc. | خودغرض، لالچی، شیخی باز، مغرور، وغیرہ | — | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers | Parallels Islamic akhlaq vice-lists; positive point of contact |
| lovers of pleasure vs. lovers of God | φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι | philēdonoi mallon ē philotheoi | pleasure-lovers rather than God-lovers | خدا سے زیادہ عیش و عشرت سے محبت رکھنے والے | — | Low-Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | — |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | piety, reverence | دینداری | dīndārī | High | Apostasy and False Teachers; Guarding Sound Doctrine | تقویٰ rejected (achieved-piety collision, consistent with baseline righteousness entry) |
| form/appearance (without power) | μόρφωσις | morphōsis | outward form | ظاہری شکل | z̤āhirī shakl | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | Paired with خدا کی قدرت for δύναμις |
| impostors, deceiving/deceived | γόητες, πλανῶντες/πλανώμενοι | goētes, planōntes/planōmenoi | charlatans, leading astray/led astray | دھوکے باز، گمراہ کرنے والے/گمراہ ہونے والے | dhoke bāz, gumrāh karne wāle/gumrāh hone wāle | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | گمراہ is safe, shared vocabulary |
| Jannes and Jambres | Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς | Iannēs kai Iambrēs | (proper names) | یانیس اور یمبریس | yānis aur yambrīs | Low | (historical reference) | Cf. unnamed Quranic saharah of Pharaoh |
Chapter 4 (non-core; core passage terms are in Section C)
| Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Urdu Rendering | Urdu Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Rejected Alternatives / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| poured out as a libation | σπένδομαι | spendomai | to be poured out as a drink-offering | نذر کی طرح چڑھایا جانا | naẕr kī t̤araḥ chaṛhāyā jānā | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward | Sacrificial metaphor; native-speaker review per baseline cultural-metaphor flag |
| departure | ἀνάλυσις | analysis | untying, release | رخصت / کوچ | ruḳhṣat / kūch | Low | Assurance of Reward | — |
| fought the good fight / finished the race / kept the faith | τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι κ.τ.λ. | ton kalon agōna ēgōnismai etc. | completed athletic contest imagery | اچھی کشمکش لڑی، دوڑ ختم کی، ایمان کو محفوظ رکھا | — | High (via ایمان) | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward | ایمان reused exactly |
| crown of righteousness | ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος | ho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanos | victor’s wreath of righteousness | راستبازی کا تاج | rāstbāzī kā tāj | High | Assurance of Reward | Teach as grounded in Christ’s verdict, not deeds-weighed merit (vs. ajr/thawāb framework) |
| righteous Judge | δίκαιος κριτής | dikaios kritēs | just judge | راستباز منصف | rāstbāz munṣif | Critical | Assurance of Reward; Deity of Christ | Implies Christ’s divine judgeship |
| loved his appearing | ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ | ēgapēkosi tēn epiphaneian autou | having loved his appearing | جنہوں نے اُس کے ظہور سے محبت رکھی | — | Critical | The Appearing/Return of Christ | ظہور reused, see ch. 1 |
| rescued from the lion’s mouth | ἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος | errysthēn ek stomatos leontos | delivered from the lion’s mouth | شیر کے مُنہ سے بچایا گیا | sher ke mũh se bachāyā gayā | Low-Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | Idiomatic deliverance image |
| heavenly kingdom | ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐπουράνιος | hē basileia hē epouranios | the heavenly kingdom | آسمانی بادشاہی | āsmānī bādshāhī | Medium | Kingdom Mission; Assurance of Reward | Distinguish from khilafat-style political kingdom |
Section C — Core Passage Glossary (2 Timothy 3:14–4:5), Verse Order
| Verse | Term (English) | Greek | Transliteration | Urdu Rendering | Risk | Doctrine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3:14 | learned | ἔμαθες | emathes | سیکھا | Low | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| 3:14 | were assured/convinced | ἐπιστώθης | epistōthēs | یقین کیا گیا | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| 3:15 | sacred writings | ἱερὰ γράμματα | hiera grammata | مقدس صحیفے | High | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| 3:15 | make wise for salvation | σοφίσαι εἰς σωτηρίαν | sophisai eis sōtērian | نجات کے لیے حکمت بخشنا | Critical | Salvation; Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| 3:15 | faith in Christ Jesus | πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | pisteōs tēs en Christō Iēsou | مسیح یسوع پر ایمان | High | Faith |
| 3:16 | all Scripture | πᶰσα γραφή | pasa graphē | تمام کلامِ مقدس | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| 3:16 | God-breathed | θεόπνευστος | theopneustos | خدا کے الہام سے | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| 3:16 | profitable | ὠφέλιμος | ōphelimos | فائدہ مند | Low | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| 3:16 | teaching | διδασκαλία | didaskalia | تعلیم | Low | Guarding Sound Doctrine |
| 3:16 | reproof | ἔλεγχος | elegchos | تنبیہ | Low-Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine |
| 3:16 | correction | ἐπανόρθωσις | epanorthōsis | اصلاح | Low | Guarding Sound Doctrine |
| 3:16 | training in righteousness | παιδεία ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ | paideia en dikaiosynē | راستبازی میں تربیت | Critical | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Sanctification |
| 3:17 | the man of God | ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος | ho tou theou anthrōpos | خدا کا بندہ | Low | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| 3:17 | complete/fit | ἄρτιος | artios | تیار | High | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| 3:17 | fully equipped | ἐξηρτισμένος | exērtismenos | لائق | Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| 3:17 | good work | ἔργον ἀγαθόν | ergon agathon | نیک کام | Low | Assurance of Reward (guardrail vs. merit) |
| 4:1 | I solemnly charge | διαμαρτύρομαι | diamartyromai | تاکید کرتا ہوں | High | The Charge to Preach the Word |
| 4:1 | judge the living and the dead | κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | krinein zōntas kai nekrous | زندوں اور مُردوں کا انصاف کرنے والا | Critical | Lordship/Deity of Christ; Assurance of Reward |
| 4:1 | his appearing | ἐπιφάνεια | epiphaneia | ظہور | Critical | The Appearing/Return of Christ |
| 4:2 | preach the word | κήρυξον τὸν λόγον | kēryxon ton logon | کلام کی منادی کرو | High | The Charge to Preach the Word |
| 4:2 | in season, out of season | εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως | eukairōs akairōs | موقع ملے یا نہ ملے | Low | The Charge to Preach the Word |
| 4:2 | reprove, rebuke, exhort | ἔλεγξον, ἐπιτίμησον, παρακάλεσον | elegxon, epitimēson, parakaleson | تنبیہ کرو، ملامت کرو، نصیحت کرو | Low-Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word |
| 4:2 | patience | μακροθυμία | makrothymia | تحمل | Low | The Charge to Preach the Word |
| 4:3 | sound doctrine | ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας | hygiainousēs didaskalias | صحت مند تعلیم | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine |
| 4:3 | own desires | ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας | idias epithymias | اپنی خواہشات | Low-Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers |
| 4:3 | itching ears | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν | knēthomenoi tēn akoēn | کان کھجانے والی باتیں / اپنی پسند کی باتیں سننا | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers |
| 4:4 | truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | سچائی | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| 4:4 | myths | μῦθοι | mythoi | من گھڑت قصے | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers |
| 4:5 | be sober-minded | νῆφε | nēphe | ہوشیار رہو | Low | (general) |
| 4:5 | endure suffering | κακοπάθησον | kakopathēson | دکھ اٹھاؤ | High | Perseverance under Suffering |
| 4:5 | work of an evangelist | ἔργον ποίησον εὐαγγελιστοῦ | ergon poiēson euangelistou | مبشر کا کام کرو | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word |
| 4:5 | fulfill your ministry | τὴν διακονίαν σου πληροφόρησον | tēn diakonian sou plērophorēson | اپنی خدمت کو پورا کرو | Low | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
Section D — Risk Tier Summary for 2 Timothy
| Risk | Count (distinct new terms + reused Critical/High baseline terms in active use) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 (θεόπνευστος, πᶰσα γραφή, ἐπιφάνεια, κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς, δίκαιος κριτής, καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον, ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι, plus reused نجات/قیامت/خداوند/یسوع/خدا/روح القدس occurrences) | Human theologian, mandatory every occurrence |
| High | 17 (see Sections B–C: ἄρτιος, ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας, ὀρθοτομέω, κήρυξον τὸν λόγον, διαμαρτύρομαι, ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις-adjacent κακοπαθέω, μετάνοια, εὐσέβεια, ἔσχαται ἡμέραι, στέφανος τῆς δικαιοσύνης, ἀρνέομαι, ἀλήθεια, plus reused High-tier baseline terms) | Human theologian |
| Medium | 15 (ἔλεος, χάρισμα, ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν, παραθήκη, ἀφθαρσία, ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας, μύθοι, κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν, σπένδομαι, μόρφωσις, γόητες/πλανάω, παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου, σκεύη εἰς τιμήν/ἀτιμίαν, ἐξηρτισμένος, ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐπουράνιος) | Native speaker review |
| Low | remainder (vocational metaphors, vice list, standard connective vocabulary, ἀγάπη, μακροθυμία, νῆφε, etc.) | Automated review |
Cross-reference: full doctrinal notes for every Critical/High term above are recorded in 07_semantic_analysis.md. This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment required) before any Phase 2 segment translation of 2 Timothy begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: راستبازی
Transliteration: rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: نیکی, تقویٰ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Timothy 3:16’s formational ‘training in righteousness’ and 4:8’s eschatological ‘crown of righteousness,’ must always be read as flowing from a righteousness already granted by faith, never as piety separately earned through cultivated practice (guard against a تقویٰ-cultivation or ajr/thawab-merit reading).
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: najāt
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: مکتی
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 3:15’s tie between Scripture and salvation (‘able to make you wise unto salvation through faith in Christ Jesus’) compounds the standing shared-word risk (Christ’s atonement vs. mercy-weighed-against-deeds-at-qiyamat) with the Inspiration doctrine’s own tahrif collision. Also occurs 1:9; 2:10; 4:18. Contrastive teaching required every occurrence.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: قیامت
Transliteration: qiyāmat
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: پنر جنم
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, with its mandatory qualifying note (‘مُردوں میں سے جی اُٹھنا’). Occurs 2:8 (Christ’s own resurrection) and 2:18 (Hymenaeus/Philetus’s heresy that the resurrection has ‘already happened’). 2:18 is a rare point where Islamic theology’s own robust affirmation of a still-future bodily qiyamat actually agrees with Paul against the false teachers; this must not collapse the separate, standing risk that Christ’s own already-accomplished resurrection presupposes a crucifixion the Qur’an denies (4:157).
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: k͟hudāvand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک, آقا
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to Christ throughout this book (1:2, 8, 16, 18; 2:7, 19, 22, 24; 4:8, 14, 17, 18, 22), including in routine epistolary greetings; never softened, even in practical-exhortation contexts.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: خدا کا بیٹا
Transliteration: k͟hudā kā beṭā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ابن اللہ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not a direct lexical occurrence in 2 Timothy’s text, but the underlying claim underlies ‘judge_the_living_and_the_dead’ and ‘righteous_judge’ (4:1, 8) and ‘abolished_death’ (1:10); retained for cross-reference consistency with the baseline’s mandatory eternal-not-begotten annotation rule.
Jesus
Approved rendering: یسوع
Transliteration: yasū’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout as یسوع مسیح; never bare عیسیٰ. Introduce with a brief clarifying note at first occurrence in any new document per the baseline’s standing rule.
God
Approved rendering: خدا
Transliteration: k͟hudā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: اللہ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout, including the solemn charge of 4:1; never اللہ.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: rūḥ al-qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Holy Spirit
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Indwells believers and enables the guarding of the entrusted deposit (1:14). Must never be read through the Islamic identification of ruh al-qudus with the angel Jibreel, and must be kept visually/contextually distinct from the lowercase, dispositional ‘spirit of fear’ of 1:7 (see spirit_of_fear entry), given the visual similarity of the two phrases in Urdu script.
Father
Approved rendering: باپ
Transliteration: bāp
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Holy Spirit
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Implicit throughout the book’s greetings and doxologies.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: masīḥ
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout as یسوع مسیح and in the creedal 2:8; content behind the shared Quranic title (al-Masih) must be taught as going well beyond the Quranic Isa al-Masih.
Cross Crucifixion
Approved rendering: صلیب / مصلوب
Transliteration: ṣalīb / maṣlūb
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Inherited from the Galatians-extension baseline. Not a direct lexical occurrence in 2 Timothy, but the necessary historical presupposition behind 1:10’s ‘abolished death’ and 2:8/4:1’s resurrection and judgeship claims; retained for cross-reference since Qur’an 4:157’s denial of the crucifixion is the upstream risk underlying several of this book’s Critical-tier terms. Never allegorize away.
All Scripture
Approved rendering: تمام کلامِ مقدس
Transliteration: tamām kalām-e-muqaddas
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: πᶰσα γραφή
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Timothy. 3:16, πᶰσα γραφή, the single most theologically load-bearing noun phrase in this book. Collides directly with the Islamic doctrine that the Qur’an is Allah’s final, perfectly preserved revelation superseding and correcting all prior scriptures, which were themselves subject to tahrif. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
God Breathed
Approved rendering: خدا کے الہام سے ہے
Transliteration: k͟hudā ke ilhām se hai
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: وحی (forbidden — claims Scripture-formation is identical in kind and status to the Qur’an’s own final revelatory mode), bare الہام without explanatory note (forbidden — reduces Scripture to mere subjective devout insight)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Timothy; THE DOCTRINAL ANCHOR TERM OF THE ENTIRE CURRICULUM. 3:16, θεόπνευστος. الہام (ilham) in Islamic theology names a lesser, subjective category of divine inspiration/insight, explicitly distinguished from وحی (wahy, formal verbatim revelation to prophets, culminating in the Qur’an as Allah’s final revelation). Mandatory explanatory note every occurrence: this is a unique, objective, non-repeatable act of God producing an authoritative text, stronger than ordinary ilham and not modeled on wahy-to-Muhammad. Human theologian review mandatory every occurrence.
Training In Righteousness
Approved rendering: راستبازی میں تربیت
Transliteration: rāstbāzī mẽ tarbiyat
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: παιδεία ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Timothy. 3:16, παιδεία ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ. راستبازی must retain its baseline forensic/relational sense (right standing received by faith); this formational use of the same noun must be read as Scripture forming a life consistent with a righteousness already granted, never as teaching a separately earned righteousness akin to تقویٰ-cultivation.
Epiphaneia Appearing
Approved rendering: ظہور
Transliteration: ẕuhūr
Doctrine: The Appearing/Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: نزول (forbidden — specifically names the Sunni hadith doctrine of nuzul-e-Isa, the return of a submitted, mortal prophet, not a divine Judge), رجعت (forbidden — carries an additional, distinct Shia doctrinal association, the return of the Hidden Imam, introducing unintended sectarian coding)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
New for 2 Timothy. 1:10; 4:1, 8, ἐπιφάνεια. Collides with the mainstream Sunni hadith doctrine of نزول عیسیٰ (nuzul-e-Isa), in which Isa returns as a submitted prophet who defeats the Antichrist, breaks crosses (repudiating Christian crucifixion claims), and eventually dies, himself awaiting Allah’s judgment. Urdu-speaking readers, including those with only general Muslim-cultural background, are likely to already hold this specific competing narrative; must be named directly, never assumed unfamiliar. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Abolished Death
Approved rendering: موت کو ختم کر دیا
Transliteration: mawt ko ḳhatm kar diyā
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον
Category: Christology
New for 2 Timothy. 1:10, καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον. Presupposes a historical crucifixion the Qur’an explicitly denies occurred (Qur’an 4:157). Never allegorize away the historical claim.
Judge The Living And The Dead
Approved rendering: زندوں اور مُردوں کا انصاف کرنے والا
Transliteration: zindõ aur murdõ kā insāf karne wālā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: قاضی (forbidden — names an Islamic court judge applying shari’ah), حاکم (forbidden — suggests a ruler/administrator rather than an eschatological judge)
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Christology
New for 2 Timothy. 4:1, κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς. Directly implies Christ’s full deity, the doctrine most explicitly denied by the Qur’an (5:72-75; 4:171). Compounded by the nuzul-e-Isa tradition in which the returning Isa is a submitted prophet who himself awaits Allah’s judgment, never the divine Judge. Mandatory human theologian review.
Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: راستباز منصف
Transliteration: rāstbāz munṣif
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: قاضی (forbidden, same reason as judge_the_living_and_the_dead)
Original: δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Christology
New for 2 Timothy. 4:8, δίκαιος κριτής, who will award the crown of righteousness. Implies Christ’s own divine judgeship, compounding the deity/lordship collision documented under judge_the_living_and_the_dead.
Resurrection Already Happened Heresy
Approved rendering: قیامت پہلے ہی ہو چکی ہے (جھوٹا دعویٰ)
Transliteration: qiyāmat pahle hī ho chukī hai (jhūṭā da’wā)
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Timothy. 2:18, ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι, Hymenaeus and Philetus’s false teaching. Stacks two risks: the standing qiyamat/Christ’s-resurrection distinction, and this verse’s own point that denying the still-future bodily resurrection is itself heretical error. Note the rare positive alignment: Islamic theology also robustly affirms a future bodily qiyamat and would equally reject this specific heresy.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: خوش خبری
Transliteration: khush khabrī
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: انجیل شریف کی تعلیم
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Timothy (1:8, 10; 2:8; 4:5, root of εὐαγγελιστής) the gospel is framed as a fixed apostolic deposit Timothy must guard and hand on, not a book subject to tahrif-style corruption; keep distinct from انجیل used alone per the baseline’s gospel entry.
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: faz̤l
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: رحمت, احسان, کرم
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1:9’s explicit ‘not according to our works but according to his own purpose and grace’ requires the standing grace-versus-deeds-weighed-at-judgment contrast to be made explicit at every occurrence (1:2, 9; 2:1; 4:22).
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: īmān
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Object of faith must remain explicit every occurrence (1:5, 13; 2:18, 22; 3:8, 10, 15; 4:7); 3:15’s ‘faith in Christ Jesus’ should render مسیح یسوع پر ایمان. 4:7’s ‘kept the faith’ is fidelity to trust in Christ, not merely intact orthodox belief-content.
Called
Approved rendering: بلایا گیا
Transliteration: bulāyā gayā
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: دعوت دی گئی
Original: καλέσαντος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1:9’s ‘holy calling… not according to our works’ must be distinguished from da’wah (the Islamic technical call to Islam) and framed as sovereign and effectual.
Calling
Approved rendering: بلاہٹ
Transliteration: bulāhaṭ
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: دعوت
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Combined in 1:9 as پاک بلاہٹ (‘holy calling’).
Holy
Approved rendering: پاک
Transliteration: pāk
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: طاہر
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Occurs 1:9 (‘holy calling’), 2:21 (self-cleansing), 3:15 (‘sacred writings’ root). Avoid ritual-purity-only readings (tahara); this is moral/relational set-apartness.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: تقدیس
Transliteration: taqdīs
Doctrine: Sanctification and the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: پاکیزگی
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Implicit in 2:21’s self-cleansing for honorable use; distinguish from ritual purification or Sufi nafs-discipline ascetic practice.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: داؤد کی نسل سے
Transliteration: dā’ūd kī nasl se
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and Messianic Promise
Original: ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 2:8’s ‘remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, of the seed of David’ concentrates four of the baseline’s highest-risk Christological terms in a single clause; anchor doctrine teaching here.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: خدا کی قدرت
Transliteration: k͟hudā kī qudrat
Doctrine: Power of God in Ministry and Life
Original: δύναμις (θεοῦ)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Contrasted with a spirit of fear (1:7-8) and with a mere ‘form of godliness’ that denies this power (3:5); safe, shared divine-attribute vocabulary (qudrah, al-Qadir) with no significant collision on its own.
Election
Approved rendering: خدا کا انتخاب
Transliteration: k͟hudā kā intik͟hāb
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: تقدیر
Original: ἐκλεκτοί
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 2:10’s ‘the elect’ for whom Paul endures all things. Avoid تقدیر as a substitute; engage taqdir directly and respectfully in supporting Providence material, never as a synonym here.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalāl
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Tied to eternal salvation (2:10) and the closing doxology (4:18); always anchor to Christ/God specifically.
Promise
Approved rendering: وعدہ
Transliteration: wa’dah
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: وعدہ مشروط (conditional framing)
Inherited from the Galatians-extension baseline. 2 Timothy 1:1’s ‘according to the promise of life that is in Christ Jesus’ (κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς); genuine bridge word (Quranic wa’d); keep unconditional, God-initiated sense.
Sacred Writings
Approved rendering: مقدس صحیفے
Transliteration: muqaddas ṣaḥīfe
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Timothy. 3:15, ἱερὰ γράμματα, a technical Hellenistic-Jewish term for the recognized Hebrew Scriptures Timothy has known since infancy. Sits directly against the Islamic doctrine of tahrif (corruption of prior scriptures, later corrected by the Qur’an); Paul’s confident appeal to these writings as presently reliable and sufficient assumes the opposite of tahrif and must be taught explicitly, not passed over.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: صحت مند تعلیم
Transliteration: ṣiḥat-mand ta’līm
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: صحیح تعلیم (forbidden — صحیح is the load-bearing technical term of Islamic hadith science for an authenticated tradition, e.g. Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim), درست تعلیم (acceptable plainer fallback, loses the health metaphor)
Original: ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Timothy. 1:13; 4:3, and by extension 2:15’s related concept. ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία, ‘healthy teaching.’ صحیح must never be used for ‘sound/correct’ doctrine anywhere in this book — it would import a formal chain-of-transmission verification science foreign to Paul’s own medical/health metaphor. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Rightly Handling The Word
Approved rendering: درست تشریح کرنا
Transliteration: durust tashrīḥ karnā
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: صحیح تشریح کرنا (forbidden — same sahih/hadith-authentication collision as sound_doctrine)
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Timothy. 2:15, ὀρθοτομέω (‘to cut straight’). Consistency across the book requires درست, never صحیح, wherever ‘correct/sound’ qualifies teaching or its exposition.
Artios Complete Fit
Approved rendering: تیار
Transliteration: tayyār
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: کامل (forbidden — the operative adjective of انسانِ کامل, insan-e-kamil, ‘the Perfect Man,’ a major Sufi metaphysical category for the highest attainable station of spiritual perfection, paradigmatically embodied in Muhammad)
Original: ἄρτιος
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Timothy. 3:17, ἄρτιος, ‘the man of God may be complete/fit.’ Using کامل risks the verse being heard as promising believers attainment of a specific mystical station through Scripture-formation, which is not Paul’s claim. تیار must be used without exception.
Herald
Approved rendering: منادی کرنے والا
Transliteration: munādī karne wālā
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: واعظ (forbidden — names a specific mosque-sermon office, cf. khatib), تبلیغ/دعوت-family nouns (forbidden — specific Islamic missionary-propagation technical terms)
Original: κῆρυξ
Category: Ministry
New for 2 Timothy. 1:11, κῆρυξ, Paul’s self-description; noun form behind 4:2’s κήρυξον.
Preach The Word
Approved rendering: کلام کی منادی کرو
Transliteration: kalām kī munādī karo
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: تبلیغ (forbidden — also the name of the contemporary Tablighi Jama’at revivalist movement in the Urdu-speaking world), دعوت (forbidden — the Islamic missionary call), واعظ (forbidden — mosque-sermon office term)
Original: κήρυξον τὸν λόγον
Category: Ministry
New for 2 Timothy. 4:2, κήρυξον τὸν λόγον, this book’s central imperative. Human theologian review required given real social/legal sensitivity around proclamation in Urdu-speaking contexts; framed as gentle, faithful proclamation, never confrontational.
Diamartyromai Solemn Charge
Approved rendering: تاکید کرتا ہوں
Transliteration: tākīd kartā hū̃
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: میں کہتا ہوں (rejected — far too weak for a formal, witnessed charge)
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry
New for 2 Timothy. 4:1, διαμαρτύρομαι, ‘I solemnly charge/testify before God and Christ Jesus.’ Must carry the full weight of a formal, witnessed charge; never softened to ordinary advice.
Deny Disown
Approved rendering: انکار کرنا
Transliteration: inkār karnā
Doctrine: Christian Identity and the Danger of Denial
Rejected alternatives: مرتد ہونا / ارتداد (forbidden — names the specific, legally-loaded Islamic apostasy category with real criminal, familial, and social consequences in many jurisdictions; this verse is not about apostasy from Islam)
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Faith
New for 2 Timothy. 2:11-13’s creedal quatrain, ἀρνέομαι. Must be taught pastorally as Christ’s own covenant faithfulness and just response to willful denial, never weaponized in a way that heightens a reader’s felt risk around their own or family’s prior religious identity.
Repentance
Approved rendering: توبہ
Transliteration: taubah
Doctrine: Repentance as God’s Gift
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Doctrine
New for 2 Timothy. 2:25, μετάνοια, something God himself ‘may grant.’ توبہ is genuine, deeply shared major Islamic theological vocabulary (Allah as al-Tawwab; Surah al-Tawbah), not forbidden. But this verse’s specific claim — repentance as God’s own gift, not merely the sinner’s self-initiated turning subsequently accepted — must be taught explicitly wherever توبہ appears, not assumed identical to the standard tawbah framework.
Last Days
Approved rendering: آخری دنوں میں
Transliteration: ākhrī dinõ mẽ
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: فتنہ (forbidden as a substitute framing — an eschatologically loaded Qur’anic term for social/political upheaval preceding the Hour, importing specific end-times narrative content Paul does not describe)
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Timothy. 3:1, ἔσχαται ἡμέραι. Islamic eschatology has its own rich آخر زمانہ (akhir zamana) signs-literature (Dajjal, Ya’juj/Ma’juj, the return of Isa), a genuinely parallel but structurally different, fully future countdown framework. This curriculum must teach 2 Timothy’s ‘last days’ as already-inaugurated present reality, not merely a future forecast.
Godliness
Approved rendering: دینداری
Transliteration: dīndārī
Doctrine: Power of God in Ministry and Life
Rejected alternatives: تقویٰ (forbidden — consistent with the baseline’s existing rejection of taqwa as a primary rendering for righteousness; taqwa names an achieved, cultivated Islamic piety-category that would undercut this verse’s own warning against outward religious form lacking inward power)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Doctrine
New for 2 Timothy. 3:5, εὐσέβεια, ‘having a form of godliness but denying its power.’ دینداری is a more neutral, general term for ‘being religious/devout’ that carries the descriptive sense without achieved-piety freight.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: راستبازی کا تاج
Transliteration: rāstbāzī kā tāj
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: اجر / ثواب (forbidden — the paired central Islamic technical terms for merit-based reward weighed in the mizan at judgment; using either would assimilate Paul’s grace-grounded, Christ-verdict-based crown into that deeds-weighed-and-tallied mechanism)
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Timothy. 4:8, ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος. Must be taught as flowing from a righteousness already received by faith and from Christ’s own righteous verdict, never as a separately merited reward calculated by a deeds-weighing process. Genuine teachable contrast with the ajr/thawab (ثواب) framework.
Endure Suffering
Approved rendering: دکھ اٹھانا / مشکلات برداشت کرنا
Transliteration: dukh uṭhānā / mushkilāt bardāsht karnā
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: صبر (usable only as descriptive/supporting vocabulary, never as the doctrine’s technical anchor — a major, positively-loaded Islamic virtue tied to ajr/reward in the deeds-weighed framework; must be paired with explicit grounding in Christ’s finished work if used at all), استقامت (avoid as primary — root shares the Qur’an’s own sirat al-mustaqim vocabulary family), جہاد (forbidden — specific armed-conflict and politically-loaded contemporary associations)
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Perseverance
New for 2 Timothy. Backbone term of Perseverance under Suffering (1:8; 2:3, 9; 3:12; 4:5). Connects directly to the baseline/Galatians-extension apostasy_and_persecution_risk doctrine; must ground settled, faithful endurance, never encouragement toward seeking confrontation, public defiance, or unnecessary disclosure that increases a reader’s real-world risk.
Fought The Good Fight
Approved rendering: اچھی کشمکش لڑی… ایمان کو محفوظ رکھا
Transliteration: achchhī kashmakash laṛī… īmān ko maḥfūz̤ rakhā
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι… τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα
Category: Perseverance
New for 2 Timothy. 4:7, τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι… τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα, Paul’s summary of completed, faithful perseverance. Risk tier inherited via ایمان (faith, High); the surrounding athletic imagery itself carries no distinct collision.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasūl
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: نبی
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Paul’s self-description (1:1, 11); distinguish from the Quranic scripture-bearing rasul paradigm culminating in Muhammad as ‘seal of the prophets.‘
Peace
Approved rendering: صلح
Transliteration: ṣulḥ
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: سلامتی
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Part of the greeting formula (1:2) and the fruit sought alongside righteousness and faith (2:22).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: روحانی نعمتیں
Transliteration: rūḥānī ni’matẽ
Doctrine: Ordination and Commissioning for Ministry
Rejected alternatives: کرامات
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Family term; the singular form used at 1:6 is recorded separately as charisma_gift (نعمت). Must not be read as karamat (Sufi-saint miraculous favor).
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: ریاکاری
Transliteration: riyākārī
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ὑποκριτής (root of ἀνυπόκριτος)
Category: Sin
Inherited from the Galatians-extension baseline. Root of the negated compound بے ریا ایمان (sincere_faith, 1:5).
Faithfulness Fruit Sense
Approved rendering: وفاداری
Transliteration: wafādārī
Doctrine: Christian Identity and the Danger of Denial
Rejected alternatives: ایمان (rejected in this specific sense — would collide with saving faith)
Original: πιστός (character sense)
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from the Galatians-extension baseline. Used in 2:13’s creedal quatrain (‘if we are faithless, he remains faithful’) for the character-faithfulness sense, deliberately distinct from ایمان (saving faith).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: خدا کی بادشاہی
Transliteration: k͟hudā kī bādshāhī
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Specified as heavenly in this book (4:1, 18); see also the new heavenly_kingdom entry for the fully qualified phrase at 4:18.
Mission
Approved rendering: بشارت کی خدمت
Transliteration: bishārat kī k͟hidmat
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: دعوت, تبلیغ
Original: εὐαγγελιστής (root)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root behind 4:5’s ‘do the work of an evangelist’ (مبشر کا کام کرو, agent-noun مبشر built on the same root); never دعوت or تبلیغ, both specific Islamic missionary-propagation technical terms (تبلیغ additionally the name of the contemporary Tablighi Jama’at revivalist movement).
Immortality Incorruption
Approved rendering: بے فنائی / لافانی زندگی
Transliteration: be-fanā’ī / lā-fānī zindagī
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: جنت (forbidden — names a distinct, fully-elaborated Qur’anic afterlife destination-narrative, not coextensive with Paul’s spare ‘imperishability’ claim)
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Timothy. 1:10, ἀφθαρσία. A genuine point of contact with the Islamic doctrine of eternal life in jannah, but must be anchored specifically to resurrection-based immortality secured through Christ’s finished work, not a generic afterlife-continuation concept achieved by a righteous life.
Deposit Trust
Approved rendering: امانت
Transliteration: amānat
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: عقیدہ (avoid as a technical-name substitute — names the formal Islamic creed-treatise genre, e.g. al-‘Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah, importing a kalam-style formal apparatus Paul’s simple image does not carry)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Ministry
New for 2 Timothy. 1:14, παραθήκη, the apostolic gospel-content Timothy must guard intact. امانت is genuine, positive shared Arabic-Urdu vocabulary (Qur’an 4:58 on returning trusts; hadith on amanah as a mark of the believer); must be anchored specifically to the apostolic gospel content, not left generic.
Entrust
Approved rendering: سونپنا / امانت کے طور پر دینا
Transliteration: sõpnā / amānat ke t̤aur par denā
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: روایت کرنا (forbidden as a noun/technical-transmission substitute — روایت is the central technical term of Islamic hadith science, ilm al-hadith, importing a chain-of-narrators authentication apparatus), سلسلہ (forbidden — names a Sufi spiritual-authority lineage from a pir to a disciple, which confers a special spiritual station, not merely content)
Original: παρατίθημι
Category: Ministry
New for 2 Timothy. 2:2, παρατίθημι, verb form of παραθήκη. States the explicit multi-generational transmission chain (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others also) — the doctrinal core of Faithful Transmission of the Gospel. Use plain verbs (سنا، سکھایا، سونپا), never the nouns روایت or سلسلہ.
Knowledge Of The Truth
Approved rendering: سچائی کا علم
Transliteration: sachā’ī kā ‘ilm
Doctrine: Repentance as God’s Gift
Rejected alternatives: معرفت (forbidden — a major Sufi technical term for experiential, mystical gnosis of God attained through a spiritual path, tariqa, under a guide, pir/murshid; Paul’s sense here is simply recognizing revealed truth)
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: Doctrine
New for 2 Timothy. 2:25, ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας, the desired outcome of gentle correction of opponents.
Ordination Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: ہاتھ رکھنا
Transliteration: hāth rakhnā
Doctrine: Ordination and Commissioning for Ministry
Rejected alternatives: بیعت (forbidden — names a specific Islamic oath-of-allegiance/initiation ritual, e.g. to a Sufi order or political leader, and confers a personally mediated spiritual authority differing from the Pauline model)
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Ministry
New for 2 Timothy. 1:6, ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν, the commissioning act by which Timothy received his spiritual gift. Distinguish from the structurally similar but doctrinally distinct Sufi initiatory transmission of spiritual authority from a pir to a disciple (bay’at); a brief clarifying note is recommended at first occurrence: this act recognizes and confirms a gift already given by God, it does not itself confer the gift.
Charisma Gift
Approved rendering: نعمت
Transliteration: ni’mat
Doctrine: Ordination and Commissioning for Ministry
Original: χάρισμα (singular)
Category: Church
New for 2 Timothy. 1:6, χάρισμα (singular), the specific grace-gift given to Timothy through the laying on of hands. Singular form of the baseline’s روحانی نعمتیں entry; same guardrail against a karamat (Sufi-saint miraculous-favor) reading applies.
Spirit Of Fear
Approved rendering: بزدلی کی روح
Transliteration: buzdilī kī rūḥ
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πνεῦμα δειλίας
Category: Perseverance
New for 2 Timothy. 1:7, πνεῦμα δειλίας, a disposition of timidity/cowardice contrasted with the Spirit’s power, love, and self-control. Lowercase, dispositional ‘spirit’; must never be visually or contextually confused with روح القدس (Holy Spirit, Critical) given the similarity of the phrases in Urdu script.
Mercy
Approved rendering: رحمت
Transliteration: raḥmat
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
New standalone entry for 2 Timothy (distinct from its role as a rejected primary substitute for ‘grace’ in the baseline). 1:2, ἔλεος, part of the greeting triad ‘grace, mercy, peace.’ Safe here as ‘mercy’ specifically; native-speaker review recommended to ensure رحمت does not displace فضل’s unmerited-favor-apart-from-works sense in this greeting.
Sincere Faith
Approved rendering: بے ریا ایمان
Transliteration: be-riyā īmān
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις
Category: Faith
New for 2 Timothy. 1:5, ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις, Timothy’s faith inherited through Lois and Eunice. Built on the baseline’s ریاکاری (hypocrisy) term with a negating prefix; anchors the multi-generational, personal, traceable transmission emphasized throughout the book.
Myths
Approved rendering: من گھڑت قصے
Transliteration: man-ghaṛat qiṣṣe
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: بدعت (forbidden — names a major Islamic legal-theological category of unwarranted religious innovation contrasted with sunnah, importing Islamic jurisprudence’s own orthodoxy-vs-innovation framework)
Original: μῦθοι
Category: Apostasy
New for 2 Timothy. 4:4, μῦθοι, speculative, unhistorical religious tales contrasted with apostolic truth. Must never be applied by extension, in teaching material, to any other religious community’s sacred narratives by name; Paul’s target is unnamed speculative teaching within the church’s own environment.
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: کان کھجانے والی باتیں / اپنی پسند کی باتیں سننا
Transliteration: kān khujāne wālī bātẽ / apnī pasand kī bātẽ sunnā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
New for 2 Timothy. 4:3, κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν, a vivid idiom for craving novel, flattering teaching rather than truth. Prefer natural, meaning-preserving Urdu phrasing over a literal calque per the idiom-handling rule.
Snare Of The Devil
Approved rendering: ابلیس کا جال / شیطان کا پھندا
Transliteration: iblīs kā jāl / shait̤ān kā phandā
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: دجال (forbidden — names the specific, richly narrated Antichrist/deceiver figure of Islamic eschatology, attaching a specific end-times sequence Paul does not describe)
Original: παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου
Category: Apostasy
New for 2 Timothy. 2:26, παγὶς τοῦ διαβόλου. Genuine, low-friction shared vocabulary: Iblis is the Qur’an’s own proper name for the fallen figure who refused to bow to Adam; Shaitan is the general tempting-spirit term used comparably in both traditions.
Word Of God Unbound
Approved rendering: خدا کا کلام قید میں نہیں
Transliteration: k͟hudā kā kalām qaid mẽ nahī̃
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Timothy. 2:9, ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται, contrasted with Paul’s own literal chains. Strong pastoral/apologetic image for Scripture’s unstoppable authority even under persecution.
Gangrene Spreading Error
Approved rendering: ناسور
Transliteration: nāsūr
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: گینگرین (loanword, acceptable fallback only, less natural than ناسور)
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Doctrine
New for 2 Timothy. 2:17, γάγγραινα, a vivid medical image for the spreading, corrupting effect of false teaching. Prefer native Urdu ناسور (a chronic, spreading, festering sore, already idiomatic for a deep corrupting problem) over the loanword.
Heavenly Kingdom
Approved rendering: آسمانی بادشاہی
Transliteration: āsmānī bādshāhī
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: جنت (forbidden — names a distinct, fully-elaborated Qur’anic afterlife destination-narrative)
Original: ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐπουράνιος
Category: Kingdom
New for 2 Timothy. 4:18, ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐπουράνιος. Qualified explicitly ‘heavenly’ to distinguish from any earthly/political khilafat-style kingdom reading, consistent with the baseline’s standing caution.
Poured Out As Libation
Approved rendering: نذر کی طرح چڑھایا جانا
Transliteration: naẕr kī t̤araḥ chaṛhāyā jānā
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Perseverance
New for 2 Timothy. 4:6, σπένδομαι, applied to Paul’s approaching martyrdom. Sacrificial metaphor; handle per the baseline’s cultural-metaphor native-speaker-review flag for sacrifice/temple imagery.
Impostors Deceiving Deceived
Approved rendering: دھوکے باز، گمراہ کرنے والے/گمراہ ہونے والے
Transliteration: dhoke bāz, gumrāh karne wāle / gumrāh hone wāle
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: دجال (forbidden — see snare_of_the_devil entry)
New for 2 Timothy. 3:13, γόητες, πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι, ‘evil men and impostors will proceed from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived.’ گمراہ is safe, well-recognized shared Islamic ethical-theological vocabulary (the opposite of hidayat, right guidance).
Learned And Assured
Approved rendering: سیکھا / یقین کیا گیا
Transliteration: sīkhā / yaqīn kiyā gayā
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
New for 2 Timothy. 3:14, ἔμαθες καὶ ἐπιστώθης, ‘you have learned and been convinced of.’ The ‘assurance through a trusted chain’ sense of ἐπιστώθης sits close to the Islamic hadith-science concept of isnad/sanad establishing a saying’s authenticity — a genuine bridge concept, but Timothy’s assurance rests on apostolic, Spirit-given teaching culminating in Christ, not a formal transmitter-reliability science.
Low Risk Terms
Self Control
Approved rendering: ضبطِ نفس
Transliteration: ẕabt̤-e-nafs
Doctrine: Power of God in Ministry and Life
Original: σωφρονισμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from the Galatians-extension baseline. Reused for the closely related Greek term σωφρονισμός (1:7, part of the Spirit’s gift contrasted with cowardice).
Exhort
Approved rendering: نصیحت کرنا
Transliteration: naṣīḥat karnā
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. One of the three charge-verbs in 4:2 (παρακάλεσον); context-sensitive per the baseline’s standing rule — distinguish from ἔλεγξον (تنبیہ کرو) and ἐπιτίμησον (ملامت کرو).
David
Approved rendering: داؤد
Transliteration: dā’ūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant and Messianic Promise
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Referenced in the Davidic-descent formula of 2:8; teach with explicit OT covenant background, since Islamic tradition recognizes Dawud as a prophet-king but does not carry a comparable royal-covenant doctrine.
Vessels Of Honor Dishonor
Approved rendering: عزت کے لیے برتن / بے عزتی کے لیے برتن
Transliteration: ‘izzat ke liye bartan / be-‘izzatī ke liye bartan
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: σκεύη εἰς τιμήν / ἀτιμίαν
Category: Doctrine
New for 2 Timothy. 2:20-21, σκεύη εἰς τιμήν / ἀτιμίαν, a household-vessel metaphor for varying kinds of usefulness in God’s service. Honor/shame vocabulary connects to the baseline’s flagged sensitivity around honor/shame dynamics in South Asian Muslim social contexts; handle pastorally, not as a status hierarchy among believers.
Vocational Metaphors
Approved rendering: سپاہی / کھلاڑی / کسان
Transliteration: sipāhī / khilāṛī / kisān
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: جہاد-adjacent intensifiers for the soldier metaphor (forbidden — see endure_suffering entry; contemporary political loading)
Original: στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός
Category: Ministry
New for 2 Timothy. 2:3-6, στρατιώτης / ἀθλέω / γεωργός, soldier, athlete, and farmer metaphors for disciplined, focused ministry. Standard vocational metaphors with no significant religious-vocabulary collision on their own; do not intensify the soldier image with jihad-adjacent vocabulary.
Vice List Last Days
Approved rendering: خودغرض، لالچی، شیخی باز، مغرور وغیرہ
Transliteration: khudgharẕ, lālchī, shek͟hī bāz, maghrūr, waghairah
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες… (16 terms)
Category: Apostasy
New for 2 Timothy. 3:2-5, the sixteen-term catalogue of last-days moral corruption. Standard ethical vocabulary; closely parallels Islamic akhlaq vice-catalogues, a genuine positive point of contact with no individual term requiring special flagging.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: محبت
Transliteration: muhabbat
Doctrine: Power of God in Ministry and Life
New standalone entry for 2 Timothy. 1:7 (contrasted with a spirit of fear) and 2:22 (pursued alongside righteousness, faith, and peace). Broadly shared, safe vocabulary across religious traditions.
Teacher Didaskalos
Approved rendering: معلم
Transliteration: mu’allim
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: اُستاد (avoid — risks the same permanent-teacher-authority association already flagged for the Galatians guardian_paidagogos entry, the ‘alim/ustadh model of enduring religious authority)
New for 2 Timothy. 1:11, διδάσκαλος, part of Paul’s threefold self-description ‘herald and apostle and teacher.’ معلم is preferred as a neutral ‘teacher/instructor’ term.
Foundation And Seal
Approved rendering: بنیاد / مہر
Transliteration: bunyād / muhr
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
New for 2 Timothy. 2:19, τὸ στερεὸν θεμέλιον τοῦ θεοῦ… ἔχων τὴν σφραγίδα ταύτην, ‘God’s firm foundation stands, having this seal.’ Standard, safe vocabulary.
Faithful Saying Formula
Approved rendering: یہ بات سچی اور بھروسے کے لائق ہے
Transliteration: yih bāt sachchī aur bharose ke lā’iq hai
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
New for 2 Timothy. 2:11, πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, the Pastoral Epistles’ formula introducing a creedal statement.
Departure Analysis
Approved rendering: رخصت / کوچ
Transliteration: ruḳhṣat / kūch
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
New for 2 Timothy. 4:6, ἀνάλυσις, ‘the time of my departure has come,’ a nautical/military image of untying moorings or breaking camp, applied to Paul’s approaching death.
Rescued From Lions Mouth
Approved rendering: شیر کے مُنہ سے بچایا گیا
Transliteration: sher ke mũh se bachāyā gayā
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
New for 2 Timothy. 4:17, ἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος, an idiomatic deliverance image following ‘the Lord stood by me and strengthened me.‘
Difficult Times
Approved rendering: سخت وقت
Transliteration: saḳht waqt
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: فتنہ (forbidden — see last_days entry)
New for 2 Timothy. 3:1, καιροὶ χαλεποί, ‘perilous/difficult times.‘
Jannes And Jambres
Approved rendering: یانیس اور یمبریس
Transliteration: yānis aur yambrīs
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
New for 2 Timothy. 3:8, Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς, the extra-biblical, Jewish-tradition-derived names of the magicians who opposed Moses before Pharaoh. Proper names; standard transliteration. The Qur’an narrates Pharaoh’s unnamed sorcerers (saḥarah) opposing Musa as a point of contact (e.g. Qur’an 7:109-126), though without these specific names; a brief explanatory note at first occurrence is advisable, but no doctrinal collision exists.
Lovers Of Pleasure Vs Lovers Of God
Approved rendering: خدا سے زیادہ عیش و عشرت سے محبت رکھنے والے
Transliteration: k͟hudā se ziyādah ‘aish o ‘ishrat se muḥabbat rakhne wāle
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
New for 2 Timothy. 3:4, φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι. Theologically useful contrast term, no collision.
Good Work
Approved rendering: نیک کام
Transliteration: nek kām
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
New for 2 Timothy. 3:17, ἔργον ἀγαθόν. Must consistently be taught as the fruit of a righteousness already received by faith, never as the basis of that righteousness or of najat — extending the same guardrail the baseline requires for ‘works of the law’ language, applied here to ordinary ‘good works’ vocabulary so it is not misheard as a’māl (deeds weighed at judgment).
In Season Out Of Season
Approved rendering: موقع ملے یا نہ ملے
Transliteration: mauqa’ mile yā nah mile
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
New for 2 Timothy. 4:2, εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως. Pastoral note: ‘out of season’ persistence should be framed as faithful readiness, not license for confrontational or legally reckless public proclamation.
Patience Makrothymia
Approved rendering: تحمل
Transliteration: taḥammul
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
New for 2 Timothy. 4:2, μακροθυμία. Genuinely shared virtue-vocabulary; no significant collision.
Own Desires
Approved rendering: اپنی خواہشات
Transliteration: apnī khvāhishāt
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
New for 2 Timothy. 4:3, κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας. Context marks this as self-indulgent, doctrine-shopping motive, distinct from neutral ‘desire.’
Referenced passages