Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Philemon
Curriculum: Philemon
Destination language: Urdu
Baseline authority: Reuses translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json exactly for every term already established in the Romans/Galatians baseline. New terms introduced by Philemon are marked NEW and flagged for promotion into translation memory at Phase 2.
Legend
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the baseline’s
doctrine_risk_registry.jsonrisk definitions. - Status:
Reused(baseline term, unchanged) /Reused — new context flag(baseline term, but this book raises a new consideration) /NEW(no baseline entry; introduced here).
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans/Galatians Baseline
| Term (Eng) | Greek | Urdu | Risk | Status | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | فضل | High | Reused | vv.3, 25; also underlies χαρίζομαι v.22 (see below) |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | صلح | Medium | Reused | v.3 salutation formula |
| God | θεός | خدا | Critical | Reused | v.3, 4 |
| Father | πατήρ | باپ | High | Reused | v.3 |
| Lord | κύριος | خداوند | Critical | Reused | vv.3, 5, 16, 20, 25 |
| Christ Jesus / Jesus Christ | Χριστός Ἰησοῦς | یسوع مسیح | Critical | Reused | throughout; preserve regardless of Greek word order |
| Faith | πίστις | ایمان | High | Reused | v.5; object explicit (“toward the Lord Jesus”) |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | مقدس لوگ | High | Reused | v.5, 7 |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία | رفاقت | Low→Medium in v.6 | Reused | v.6; nuance note in §07 (fellowship arising from faith) |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | کلیسیا | Medium | Reused | v.2, qualified as “house church” — see §B |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστῶ | شکرگزاری | Low | Reused | v.4 |
| Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | خوش خبری | High | Reused | v.13 |
| Exhort / appeal (entreaty branch) | παρακαλέω | منت سماجت کرنا | High | Reused — new context flag | vv.9-10; baseline’s “beseech” branch, not the “admonish” branch; central verb of the letter, see §07 v.9 |
| Slavery / slave | δοῦλος | غلام / غلامی | High | Reused — new context flag | v.16; baseline entry was for metaphorical bondage-under-law (Galatians); here it is literal, historical slavery — risk escalated, see §07 v.16 |
| Obedience (root) | ὑπακοή | فرمانبرداری | High | Reused — new context flag | v.21; shares root with baseline’s ایمان کی فرمانبرداری (“obedience of faith”) but must NOT be conflated — here it is obedience to Paul’s personal request, not faith-obedience toward God |
B. New Terms Introduced by Philemon (recommend promotion to translation memory)
| Term (Eng) | Greek | Translit. | Literal meaning | Semantic range | English variants | Urdu | Risk | Doctrine link | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brother | ἀδελφός | adelphos | one of the same womb | biological brother; fellow believer (fictive kinship) | brother | بھائی | Medium | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | Applied without distinction to a colleague (v.1) and a former slave (v.16) — the letter’s central relational category |
| Sister | ἀδελφή | adelphē | sister | fellow believer, feminine | sister | بہن | Low | — | v.2 |
| Beloved | ἀγαπητός | agapētos | dearly loved | chosen, settled love (not affection alone) | beloved, dear | پیارا / محبوب | Medium | Christian Brotherhood; Grace-Motivated Obedience | vv.1, 16; sets appeal-by-love rhetorical mode |
| Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | self-giving, chosen love | God’s love; believers’ love for Christ/each other | love, charity | محبت | High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | v.5, 9; operative category replacing command (ἐπιτάσσειν) as the letter’s rhetorical strategy |
| Fellow worker | συνεργός | synergos | co-worker | partner in gospel labor | fellow worker, co-laborer | ساتھی کارکن | Low | — | vv.1, 24 |
| Fellow soldier | συστρατιώτης | systratiōtēs | fellow soldier | comrade in gospel struggle | fellow soldier | ساتھی سپاہی | Low | — | v.2; keep metaphorical, not martial/literal |
| Fellow captive/prisoner | συναιχμάλωτος | synaichmalōtos | fellow prisoner-of-war | shared captivity (literal or spiritual) | fellow prisoner | ساتھی قیدی | Low | — | v.23 |
| Prisoner | δέσμιος | desmios | one bound | literal custody; here “of Christ Jesus” | prisoner, captive | قیدی | Medium | Intercession and Appeal | vv.1, 9; genitive “of Christ Jesus” must be preserved |
| House church | κατ᾽ οἶκόν ἐκκλησία | kat’ oikon ekklēsia | assembly according to house | home-based congregation | church in your house | گھر کی کلیسیا | Medium | Church as God’s People (baseline) | v.2; preserves “house church” sense, relevant to minority/underground contexts |
| Boldness/confidence | παρρησία | parrēsia | all-speech, frank boldness | freedom of speech, confidence before authority | boldness, confidence | دلیری / اعتماد | Medium | Intercession and Appeal | v.8; sets up the contrast Paul then declines to use |
| Command/order | ἐπιτάσσω | epitassō | to arrange-over, order | formal command with authority | command, order, enjoin | حکم دینا | High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | v.8; must be registrally distinct from παρακαλῶ (appeal) |
| Appeal/beseech | παρακαλέω (entreaty sense) | parakaleō | to call alongside | comfort; encourage; appeal/beseech (context-dependent) | I appeal, I beg, I beseech, I urge | منت سماجت کرتا ہوں | High | Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another | vv.9-10; the letter’s hinge verb; see baseline “exhort” entry, entreaty branch |
| Elder / ambassador (textual variant) | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβευτής | presbytēs / presbeutēs | old man / envoy | age-based deference OR diplomatic authority | old man, elder / ambassador | بزرگ (primary) / سفیر (variant, footnote) | Medium | — | v.9; mandatory translator’s footnote on the textual variant |
| Spiritual child/son | τέκνον | teknon | one born/brought forth | biological child; spiritual convert | child, son (in the faith) | بیٹا | Medium | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | v.10 |
| Beget (spiritually) | γεννάω | gennaō | to father, to bring forth | physical begetting; metaphorical spiritual fathering of a convert | I have begotten, I fathered, I became his father | روحانی باپ بننا / ایمان میں جنم دیا | High | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power; adjacency caution re: Sonship of Christ | v.10; mandatory note distinguishing ordinary metaphorical use from Christ’s unique, non-metaphorical, eternal Sonship (Qur’an 112:3 adjacency) |
| Useless | ἄχρηστος | achrēstos | not useful | worthless, unprofitable | useless, unprofitable | نکما / بےکار | Low | — | v.11; wordplay half |
| Useful | εὔχρηστος | euchrēstos | very useful | profitable, beneficial | useful, profitable | کارآمد | Medium | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | v.11; wordplay on “Onesimus” — footnote required |
| Onesimus (proper name) | Ὀνήσιμος | Onēsimos | ”useful, profitable” | proper name; source of two wordplays in the letter (vv.11, 20) | Onesimus | انیسمس | Low | — | Footnote at first occurrence recommended explaining the name’s meaning |
| Send back | ἀναπέμπω | anapempō | to send back/up | return, dispatch back | sent back, returned | واپس بھیجا | Low | — | v.12 |
| Inmost heart/affections | σπλάγχνα | splanchna | inward parts, entrails | seat of deep emotion/compassion | heart, bowels (lit.), affections | دل | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation; Intercession | vv.7, 12, 20; three occurrences — must render consistently to preserve the letter’s internal thread |
| Refresh / give rest | ἀναπαύω | anapauō | to cause to rest | comfort, refresh, relieve | refresh, give rest to | تازہ کرنا / آرام دینا | Low | — | vv.7 (perfect), 20 (imperative); keep verb-choice consistent |
| Serve/minister | διακονέω | diakoneō | to wait upon, serve | practical service/ministry | serve, minister to | خدمت کرنا | Low | — | v.13 |
| Compulsion/necessity | ἀνάγκη | anankē | necessity, constraint | external force/obligation | compulsion, necessity | مجبوری | High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | v.14 |
| Voluntary | ἑκούσιος | hekousios | willing, of one’s own accord | free choice, willingness | voluntary, willingly, of free will | رضامندی / دل کی خوشی سے | High | Grace-Motivated Obedience | v.14; central doctrinal contrast-pair with ἀνάγκη |
| Separated | χωρίζω (aor. pass.) | echōristhē | was parted/separated | euphemism for Onesimus’s flight | was separated, was parted | جدا ہوا | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | v.15; preserve tactful passive voice |
| Forever (relational) | αἰώνιος (this use) | aiōnios | age-long, forever | permanent (non-eschatological sense here) | forever, for good | ہمیشہ کے لیے | Medium | — | v.15; do NOT default to baseline’s eschatological ابدی |
| Slave (literal, historical) | δοῦλος | doulos | one legally owned | chattel slavery (real institution, not metaphor) | slave, bondservant | غلام | High | Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power | v.16; see §A note — escalated from baseline’s Galatians (Medium, metaphorical) usage |
| Flesh (relational sense) | σάρξ (this use) | sarx | flesh, body | here: natural/worldly relationship, NOT sinful nature | in the flesh, in worldly terms | جسمانی طور پر | Medium | — | v.16; explicitly distinct from baseline’s Galatians “flesh” (sinful self-reliance) sense |
| Partner | κοινωνός | koinōnos | one who shares/has in common | business partner; partner in gospel standing | partner, sharer | شریک / رفیق | High | Christian Brotherhood across Social Status | v.17; the letter’s most concrete equality-demand |
| Receive/welcome | προσλαμβάνω | proslambanō | to take to oneself | welcome, accept | receive, welcome, accept | قبول کرنا / اپنا لینا | Low | — | v.17 |
| Wrong (verb) | ἀδικέω | adikeō | to do injustice | to wrong, injure, harm | wronged, done wrong | نقصان پہنچانا / ظلم کرنا | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | v.18 |
| Owe | ὀφείλω | opheilō | to be indebted | financial or moral debt | owe, be indebted | قرض دار ہونا | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | v.18 |
| Charge to account | ἐλλογάω | ellogaō | to enter in a ledger | commercial accounting: debit/credit an account | charge it to my account, put it on my bill | میرے کھاتے میں لکھ لینا | High | Forgiveness and Reconciliation (substitution-typology) | v.18; conceptually parallel to baseline’s imputed-righteousness accounting metaphor — teaching opportunity, not a collision risk |
| Repay | ἀποτίνω | apotinō | to pay back in full | discharge a debt completely | repay, pay back | ادا کرنا / چکانا | Low | — | v.19 |
| Have benefit/joy of | ὀνίναμαι (opt. ὀναίμην) | onaimēn | to profit, benefit | wordplay on “Onesimus” | let me have joy of you, may I benefit | مجھے فائدہ ملے | Medium | — | v.20; third wordplay on the name — footnote recommended |
| Having confidence | πείθω (perf. pt. πεποιθώς) | pepoithōs | having been persuaded | trust, settled confidence | being confident, trusting | اعتماد رکھتے ہوئے | Medium | — | v.21 |
| Beyond what I say | ὑπὲρ ἃ λέγω | hyper ha legō | above/beyond what I say | implying a response exceeding the explicit request | even more than I ask | جو کہا اس سے بھی زیادہ | Low | — | v.21; note as implication, not explicit textual claim (possible manumission hint) |
| Hospitality/lodging | ξενία | xenia | guest-lodging | hospitality, a place to stay | lodging, guest room, hospitality | مہمان خانہ | Low | — | v.22 |
| Graciously given/restored | χαρίζομαι (fut. pass.) | charisthēsomai | to be freely/graciously given | grace-gift; elsewhere NT’s ordinary verb for “forgive” | I will be given/restored to you (graciously) | مجھے واپس بخش دیا جائے گا | Medium | Forgiveness and Reconciliation | v.22; deliberate χάρις-root echo, easily lost |
| Spirit (human) | πνεῦμα (this use) | pneuma | breath, inner life-principle | human spirit — NOT the Holy Spirit here | your spirit | تمہاری روح | Low (term) / flag for clarity | — | v.25; must not be conflated with روح القدس (Holy Spirit, Critical baseline entry) |
C. Proper Names (Transliteration Table — Established/Extended Forms)
| Name | Greek | Urdu | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul | Παῦλος | پولس | Established (baseline) |
| Timothy | Τιμόθεος | تیمتھیس | New to this book; established Urdu Bible form |
| Philemon (person and book) | Φιλήμων | فلیمون | Book title: established Urdu Bible Society form |
| Apphia | Ἀπφία | افیہ | New |
| Archippus | Ἄρχιππος | ارخپس | New |
| Onesimus | Ὀνήσιμος | انیسمس | New; see wordplay notes above |
| Epaphras | Ἐπαφρᾶς | اپفراس | New |
| Mark | Μᾶρκος | مرقس | Established Urdu Bible form (cf. Gospel of Mark) |
| Aristarchus | Ἀρίσταρχος | ارسترخس | New |
| Demas | Δημᾶς | دیماس | New |
| Luke | Λουκᾶς | لوقا | Established Urdu Bible form (cf. Gospel of Luke) |
D. Cross-Reference Note for Phase 2
The following terms require mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, per this glossary’s risk assignments and consistent with the baseline’s escalation rules:
- παρακαλέω / appeal (منت سماجت کرنا) — vv.9, 10 — central doctrinal verb, Intercession and Appeal.
- γεννάω / beget (روحانی باپ بننا) — v.10 — adjacency caution re: Sonship of Christ vocabulary.
- δοῦλος / slave (غلام) — v.16 — literal historical slavery, escalated risk from baseline’s metaphorical Galatians usage.
- κοινωνός / partner (شریک) — v.17 — full-equality demand across social status.
- ἐλλογάω / charge to account (کھاتے میں لکھنا) — v.18 — substitution-typology teaching opportunity.
- ὑπακοή / obedience (فرمانبرداری) — v.21 — conflation risk with baseline’s “obedience of faith” doctrine.
- ἀνάγκη / ἑκούσιον pair (مجبوری / رضامندی) — v.14 — Grace-Motivated Obedience doctrinal center.
All other terms in this glossary are recommended for native-speaker review (Medium) or automated review (Low), per the baseline’s standard risk-tier routing.
Critical Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: k͟hudāvand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک, آقا
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Exclusive, supreme Lordship, never softened to a merely honorific ‘master.’ Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:3, 1:5, 1:16, 1:20, 1:25 — at 1:16 ‘ἐν κυρίῳ’ (‘in the Lord’) is the specific ground on which master and runaway slave are declared brothers, the letter’s most socially explosive use of this term; full divine-title weight must be retained there, never reduced to a shared-employer reading.
Jesus
Approved rendering: یسوع
Transliteration: yasū’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ
Established Urdu Christian Bible name for Jesus, distinct from the Qur’anic عیسیٰ. Inherited from Romans package; in Philemon appears consistently in the combined form یسوع مسیح (see jesus_christ entry below), never bare, per baseline instruction.
God
Approved rendering: خدا
Transliteration: k͟hudā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: اللہ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Khuda-tradition rendering, not اللہ, per this Language Package’s established reasoning. Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:3, 1:4.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: rūḥ al-qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
The third Person of the Trinity, distinct from any created angelic being, and a genuinely shared Qur’anic phrase requiring explicit personhood teaching. Inherited from Romans package strictly as a FENCE reference: Philemon 1:25’s ‘your spirit’ (τὸ πνεῦμα ὑμῶν) is the ORDINARY HUMAN spirit of the recipients, not this term, and must never be conflated with it (see spirit_human entry below).
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: منسوب راستبازی
Transliteration: mansūb rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: کمائی ہوئی راستبازی
Credited/attributed righteousness from God, not earned. Inherited from Romans package strictly as a TEACHING-BRIDGE reference: Philemon 1:18’s ἐλλογάω (‘charge it to my account’) uses the same underlying accounting-metaphor structure — another’s liability legally reassigned to a willing substitute — and is a genuinely low-friction, non-crucifixion-dependent picture teachers may use to illustrate this doctrine (see charge_to_account entry below). Not a lexical merger; keep the two terms and passages distinct in the base translation.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: یسوع مسیح
Transliteration: yasū’ masīḥ
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ (bare), مسیح عیسیٰ (word order using the Quranic name)
Original: Χριστός Ἰησοῦς / Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
New combined-form entry for this book (the baseline records یسوع and مسیح separately; Philemon uses the combined title/name repeatedly in both Greek word orders — Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς and Ἰησοῦς Χριστός). Philemon 1:1, 1:3, 1:6, 1:8, 1:9, 1:20, 1:23, 1:25. Per baseline forbidden-substitution rule, always render یسوع مسیح regardless of underlying Greek word order; never bare عیسیٰ, which signals the Qur’anic prophet-Isa rather than the New Testament’s full portrait of Christ.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: خوش خبری
Transliteration: khush khabrī
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: انجیل شریف کی تعلیم
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Established Urdu Christian Bible term (‘good/joyful news’), distinguished from انجیل used alone (which invokes the Islamic tahrif/corruption claim). Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:13, ‘in the chains of the gospel’ (خوش خبری کی زنجیروں میں).
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: faz̤l
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: رحمت, احسان, کرم
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
The established Urdu Christian Bible term for unmerited divine favor, kept apart from رحمت’s Islamic deeds-weighed-at-judgment framework. Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:3, 1:25 (standard Pauline salutation/benediction, render identically to Romans occurrences) and underlies the χαρίζομαι root-echo at Philemon 1:22 (see graciously_given_restored entry below).
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: īmān
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Shared vocabulary with Islamic theology; the object of faith must always be explicit. Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:5-6, where the object (‘toward the Lord Jesus’) remains explicit and is paired with love as the twin evidence of Philemon’s Christian life.
Saints
Approved rendering: مقدس لوگ
Transliteration: muqaddas log
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ولی
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Corporate designation for all believers, never a Sufi-wali elite-veneration category. Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:5, 1:7 (Philemon’s love reported toward ‘the saints’).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان کی فرمانبرداری
Transliteration: īmān kī farmānbardārī
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: اسلام
Faith-produced obedience toward God (Romans 1:5, 16:26); اسلام deliberately avoided since it is now a distinct religion’s proper name. Inherited from Romans package strictly as a CONTRAST reference: Philemon 1:21’s standalone فرمانبرداری (see obedience_personal entry below) shares this compound’s root word but names a different object (Philemon’s personal compliance with Paul’s request, not faith-obedience toward God) and must never be taught as a restatement of this doctrine.
Father
Approved rendering: باپ
Transliteration: bāp
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
God as personal Father, generally received as relational/metaphorical rather than a literal-begetting claim. Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:3 (salutation). Note the adjacency risk: Philemon 1:10’s γεννάω (‘I have begotten him,’ Paul as Onesimus’s spiritual father) sits in the same short letter as this term and must be kept distinct from it in teaching (see beget_spiritually entry below).
Flesh
Approved rendering: جسم
Transliteration: jism
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: نفس
Galatians baseline usage: the self-reliant, sinful human nature (Galatians 3:3; 5:13-24; 6:8), not the physical body itself. Inherited from Galatians package strictly as a CONTRAST reference: Philemon 1:16’s ἐν σαρκί (‘in the flesh’) uses a DIFFERENT sense entirely — the natural/worldly relationship (as a slave, in earthly terms), contrasted with ἐν κυρίῳ (‘in the Lord’) — and must be rendered جسمانی طور پر, not bare جسم, to avoid importing this entry’s unrelated sinful-nature connotation (see flesh_relational entry below).
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ابدی زندگی
Transliteration: abadī zindagī
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Galatians baseline usage: eschatological life reaped from the Spirit (Galatians 6:8). Inherited from Galatians package strictly as a CONTRAST reference: Philemon 1:15’s αἰώνιος (‘forever’) is NOT this eschatological sense but a this-life, permanent-relationship claim; translators must not default to this entry’s ابدی and should instead use ہمیشہ کے لیے (see forever_relational entry below).
Love Agape
Approved rendering: محبت
Transliteration: muḥabbat
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term for this book. Self-giving, chosen-commitment love; the operative category Paul explicitly substitutes for command-authority as the basis of his appeal (1:9, ‘for love’s sake I rather appeal’). No Islamic-doctrine collision (muhabbat/mahabbah is safe, shared devotional vocabulary), but risk is doctrinal: a rendering that lets محبت collapse into generic warm sentiment, rather than the letter’s specific love-versus-command framework, undercuts Grace-Motivated Obedience.
Command Epitasso
Approved rendering: حکم دینا
Transliteration: ḥukm denā
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἐπιτάσσω
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term for this book. Formal command/injunction with authority (1:8), the mode Paul explicitly sets aside in favor of appeal. Must be kept clearly distinct in register from appeal_entreaty (below); if both are rendered with similar force, the letter’s central argument (‘I could command, but I appeal instead’) collapses.
Appeal Entreaty
Approved rendering: منت سماجت کرتا ہوں
Transliteration: minnat samājat kartā hū̃
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Rejected alternatives: نصیحت کرنا (baseline’s admonish branch — would wrongly cast Paul as instructing/admonishing rather than pleading), سفارش (avoided in base text — the ordinary Urdu word for patronage-favor requests, but carries a favoritism/nepotism connotation Paul’s costly, self-substituting appeal does not share; may appear only in explanatory teaching material with an explicit contrast note, never as a base-text rendering)
Original: παρακαλῶ (παρακαλέω, entreaty sense)
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
New term for this book, applying the baseline exhort entry’s entreaty branch specifically. Paul’s deliberate choice to entreat/beseech (παρακαλῶ) rather than command (ἐπιτάσσω) Philemon on Onesimus’s behalf (1:9-10) — the letter’s hinge verb and primary vehicle for Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another. This human, apostolic appeal must not be taught as Christ’s own atoning intercession, a distinct doctrine (see intercession entry above).
Beget Spiritually
Approved rendering: روحانی باپ بننا / ایمان میں جنم دیا
Transliteration: rūḥānī bāp banā / īmān mē̃ janam diyā
Doctrine: Spiritual Fatherhood and the Sonship-of-Christ Adjacency
Rejected alternatives: a bare, unqualified ‘Paul begat Onesimus’ rendering (rejected — see notes)
Original: γεννάω
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
New term for this book. γεννάω, ‘I have begotten’ (1:10) — entirely metaphorical spiritual fathering; Paul was instrumental in Onesimus’s conversion, not his literal father. Flagged HIGH not because this verse itself makes any christological claim, but because γεννάω/‘beget’ is precisely the verb-family the baseline documents as this Language Package’s single most explosive doctrinal collision point (Qur’an 112:3 denies God ‘begets, nor is He begotten’). MANDATORY translator note required at every occurrence, distinguishing this ordinary, replicable metaphorical use from Christ’s unique, eternal, non-metaphorical, relational Sonship.
Compulsion
Approved rendering: مجبوری
Transliteration: majbūrī
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἀνάγκη
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term for this book. ἀνάγκη (1:14), necessity/external constraint — the manner in which Paul explicitly insists Philemon’s good act must NOT occur. Paired doctrinally with voluntary below. Risk: this compelled/voluntary contrast must read as being about free, love-motivated relational response, not a broader commentary on duty-based religious obligation in general, which could be misheard as a veiled critique of religious law as such.
Voluntary
Approved rendering: رضامندی / دل کی خوشی سے
Transliteration: raẐāmandī / dil kī k͟hushī se
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: ἑκούσιος
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term for this book. ἑκούσιος (1:14), the doctrinal center of Grace-Motivated Obedience in this letter: Philemon’s good act must be freely willed, modeling the structure of gospel obedience — obedience flowing from love and grace already received, never coerced compliance.
Slavery Doulos
Approved rendering: غلام / غلامی
Transliteration: ghulām / ghulāmī
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: خدمت گار / نوکر (rejected — ordinary paid-domestic-servant vocabulary that understates the letter’s actual legal stakes; Onesimus was legally owned property, not a paid employee)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
New, ESCALATED-risk entry for this book, sharing its Urdu rendering with the baseline’s slavery entry but describing LITERAL, historical Greco-Roman chattel slavery (1:16 and throughout the letter’s premise), not the Galatians metaphor. Escalated from Medium to High because Islamic law/tradition has its own detailed, differently-structured regulation of slavery (permitted under conditions; manumission commended as virtuous, Qur’an 24:33, 4:36, 90:13) — a differing-legal-system collision, not a denial-collision. A careless rendering risks being heard either as tacit endorsement of the institution or as a demand for its immediate abolition, neither of which is quite what Paul’s text does. MANDATORY human theologian review for every occurrence.
Partner Koinonos
Approved rendering: شریک / رفیق
Transliteration: sharīk / rafīq
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: a generic ‘companion’ rendering (rejected — blunts the concrete full-equality demand of v.17)
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
New term for this book. κοινωνός (1:17): Paul asks Philemon to receive Onesimus exactly as he would receive Paul himself — full equality of welcome, not a scaled-down courtesy for a returning slave. This is the letter’s most concrete, actionable expression of Christian Brotherhood across Social Status; risk is grounded in the destination culture’s entrenched social-hierarchy patterns, where this demand carries real, disruptive social weight.
Charge To Account
Approved rendering: میرے کھاتے میں لکھ لینا / میرے حساب میں ڈال دینا
Transliteration: mere k͟hāte mē̃ likh lenā / mere ḥisāb mē̃ ḍāl denā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: a vague ‘I will take responsibility’ phrasing (rejected — loses the specific commercial-ledger/accounting image and its substitution-typology teaching value)
Original: ἐλλογάω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. ἐλλογάω (1:18), a rare commercial-accounting verb: Paul offers to have Onesimus’s debt legally transferred to his own account. Risk is High not from Islamic-doctrine collision (the metaphor is culturally universal and safe) but from its rich, easily-missed typological connection to substitutionary atonement — the same accounting-metaphor structure as the baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry. A bland rendering forfeits a low-friction, non-crucifixion-dependent teaching bridge; must be taught, not merely translated.
Obedience Personal
Approved rendering: فرمانبرداری
Transliteration: farmānbardārī
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Rejected alternatives: اطاعت (rejected — strong Islamic-register association with obedience to religious/spiritual authority, e.g. a pir/murshid relationship, which would recast Philemon’s personal compliance with a friend’s request as religious submission to an authority figure, precisely the register Paul renounces by choosing appeal over command), ایمان کی فرمانبرداری (rejected as a substitute here — the baseline’s compound doctrinal term for faith-obedience toward God; the object in 1:21 is different, Philemon’s obedience to Paul’s specific request, not God directly)
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term for this book. ὑπακοή (1:21), Philemon’s personal compliance with Paul’s specific request regarding Onesimus, flowing from relationship and love — distinct from the baseline’s obedience_of_faith doctrine. Risk is conflation in two directions: importing the full weight of ‘obedience of faith,’ or making Paul appear to reassert the command-authority he explicitly renounced in 1:8. Per baseline forbidden-substitution rule, اسلام must never be used here either.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: صلح
Transliteration: ṣulḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: سلامتی
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Relational, covenantal peace with God through justification. Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:3 (salutation formula only). NOTE: reserved for this general doctrine — must NOT double as the operative word for this letter’s specific person-to-person reconciliation mechanism (see forgiveness-cluster entries below); مصالحت-style arbitrated-settlement connotations are also to be avoided as a gloss.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسیا
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: مسجد, امت
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Established transliterated term for the local congregation, never مسجد or امت. Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:2, qualified there as a house church (see house_church entry below).
Intercession
Approved rendering: شفاعت
Transliteration: shafā’at
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Christ’s/the Spirit’s mediatorial intercession (Romans 8:26, 34), also Islamic theology’s shafa’ah (chiefly Muhammad’s future intercession at judgment). Inherited from Romans package strictly as a FENCE reference: this term must never be used for Paul’s own human, relational appeal on Onesimus’s behalf in Philemon (see appeal_entreaty entry below) — Paul is not claiming mediatorial-atonement status for himself.
Slavery
Approved rendering: غلامی / غلام
Transliteration: ghulāmī / ghulām
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Galatians baseline usage: METAPHORICAL bondage under the law/sin (Galatians 4:1-9; 5:1), Medium risk. Inherited from Romans/Galatians package strictly as a CONTRAST reference: Philemon’s usage (1:16 and throughout) is LITERAL, historical Greco-Roman chattel slavery describing Onesimus’s actual legal status, not a metaphor, and carries an ESCALATED risk in this book (see slavery_doulos entry below, High). Never conflate the two senses in teaching.
Brother
Approved rendering: بھائی
Transliteration: bhā’ī
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: برادری (avoided as a gloss/explanation — a socially load-bearing South Asian clan/caste-kinship network term often invoked to enforce status and marriage boundaries between groups, precisely the logic Paul’s usage dismantles)
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
New term for this book. Fictive-kinship term applied without distinction to Paul’s colleague Timothy (1:1) and, startlingly, to a returning slave (1:16) — the letter’s central relational category for Christian Brotherhood across Social Status. Risk: بھائی is also ordinary polite Urdu address; must not be softened into a merely courteous honorific that leaves the underlying master-slave hierarchy conceptually undisturbed. Pair with explicit teaching framing at 1:16, not a lexical substitute.
Beloved
Approved rendering: پیارا / محبوب
Transliteration: piyārā / maḥbūb
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
New term for this book. Object of settled, chosen love; used of Philemon (1:1) and, climactically, of Onesimus (1:16, ‘a beloved brother’). Sets the letter’s rhetorical strategy of appeal-by-love rather than appeal-by-obligation from its opening verse.
Prisoner
Approved rendering: قیدی
Transliteration: qaidī
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: δέσμιος
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
New term for this book. One bound in literal custody; Paul identifies himself as ‘a prisoner OF CHRIST JESUS’ (مسیح یسوع کا قیدی), not merely of Rome. The genitive must always be preserved, not flattened to ‘a prisoner who happens to be a Christian’ — sets the letter’s tone of appeal-from-weakness. Occurs 1:1, 1:9.
House Church
Approved rendering: گھر کی کلیسیا
Transliteration: ghar kī kalīsiyā
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: κατ᾽ οἶκόν ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
New phrase-level term for this book, built on the baseline’s کلیسیا. The congregation meeting in Philemon’s own house (1:2), a small home-based gathering, not a dedicated building. Pastorally useful given the significance of home-based and underground gatherings in many contemporary Urdu-speaking minority-church contexts; preserve the ‘house church’ sense, do not generalize away.
Boldness Confidence
Approved rendering: دلیری / اعتماد
Transliteration: dilerī / i’timād
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: παρρησία
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
New term for this book. Frank, confident boldness of speech (1:8); the authority Paul explicitly HAS in Christ to command Philemon outright, which he then deliberately declines to use. Risk is losing the contrast this sets up with the appeal-mode Paul chooses instead (see command_epitasso and appeal_entreaty below).
Elder Ambassador
Approved rendering: بزرگ / سفیر
Transliteration: buzurg / safīr
Doctrine: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβευτής
Category: Intercession and Appeal on Behalf of Another
New term for this book. πρεσβύτης (‘old man,’ majority reading, بزرگ) vs. the well-attested textual variant πρεσβευτής (‘ambassador,’ سفیر), paralleling Ephesians 6:20 (1:9). Either reading strengthens Paul’s self-humbling appeal. Risk is text-critical transparency, not doctrine: render بزرگ as primary with a MANDATORY translator’s footnote noting the ambassador-reading variant; do not silently resolve the variant.
Spiritual Child
Approved rendering: بیٹا
Transliteration: beṭā
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: τέκνον
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
New term for this book. A child in the spiritual, convert sense (1 Corinthians 4:15-style Pauline metaphor), applied to Onesimus (1:10). Follows established Urdu Christian usage for spiritual-fatherhood-of-converts language. Must be read together with beget_spiritually below for its full doctrinal weight.
Useful Euchrestos
Approved rendering: کارآمد
Transliteration: kār-āmad
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: εὔχρηστος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
New term for this book. Other half of Paul’s wordplay on ‘Onesimus’ (meaning ‘useful,’ 1:11: ‘now useful indeed’). Entirely lost in plain Urdu unless flagged; MANDATORY translator’s footnote required at this verse. Reinforces the transformation theme central to Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power: the same person, transformed by the gospel, becomes useful in a wholly new sense — as a brother, not merely as labor.
Inmost Affections
Approved rendering: دل
Transliteration: dil
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: آنتیں / جگر (rejected — literal anatomical ‘entrails/liver’ renderings would be crude and lose the emotional register entirely)
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. σπλάγχνα, the ancient seat of deep emotion/compassion, used three times in this short letter (1:7, 1:12, 1:20), binding its emotional argument together. Risk is not doctrinal collision but CONSISTENCY: must render identically across all three occurrences; rendering it ‘heart’ in one verse and ‘affection’/‘comfort’ in another would sever the letter’s own internal cross-reference.
Separated
Approved rendering: جدا ہوا
Transliteration: judā huā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: فراری / بھگوڑا (rejected — blunt fugitive/absconder terms carrying a criminal connotation stronger than Paul’s own deliberately tactful passive-voice euphemism)
Original: ἐχωρίσθη (χωρίζω)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. χωρίζω, aorist passive (1:15), a tactful passive-voice euphemism for Onesimus’s flight, possibly hinting at providence without naming it outright. Preserve the passive construction’s tact; a blunt active ‘he ran away’ loses Paul’s careful, non-accusatory tone — itself a model for how Forgiveness and Reconciliation is voiced pastorally.
Forever Relational
Approved rendering: ہمیشہ کے لیے
Transliteration: hamesha ke li’e
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Rejected alternatives: ابدی (baseline’s eschatological rendering, reserved for ابدی زندگی ‘eternal life’ — avoided here to prevent importing eschatological freight into a this-life, permanent-relationship claim)
Original: αἰώνιον (this use of αἰώνιος)
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
New context-specific sense for this book. αἰώνιος in 1:15, deliberately contrasted with Onesimus’s merely temporary absence (‘for an hour’); a permanent-relationship claim in ordinary relational terms, with only a secondary echo of the eternal fellowship the gospel makes possible.
Flesh Relational
Approved rendering: جسمانی طور پر
Transliteration: jismānī t̤aur par
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Rejected alternatives: bare جسم (rejected — the baseline’s Galatians sinful-nature sense would be wrongly imported into a verse describing social relationship, not moral struggle)
Original: σάρξ (this use)
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
New context-specific sense for this book. σάρξ in 1:16 (‘in the flesh’) means simply ‘in the natural/earthly relationship,’ contrasted with ἐν κυρίῳ (‘in the Lord’). Explicitly distinct from the Galatians baseline’s self-reliant sinful-nature sense (see flesh entry above); flag this distinction for reviewers at every occurrence.
Wrong Adikeo
Approved rendering: نقصان پہنچانا / ظلم کرنا
Transliteration: nuqṣān pahūnchānā / Ẑulm karnā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀδικέω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. ἀδικέω (1:18): Paul does not deny or minimize whatever wrong Onesimus may have done, but moves immediately to assume responsibility for it — the wrong is named honestly, not glossed over, before forgiveness/substitution is offered.
Owe
Approved rendering: قرض دار ہونا
Transliteration: qarẐdār honā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ὀφείλω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. ὀφείλω (1:18), deliberately commercial/debt language; must be kept in its literal financial register, not spiritualized away, so that v.19’s repayment offer retains full force.
Have Benefit Of
Approved rendering: مجھے فائدہ ملے
Transliteration: mujhe fā’idā mile
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: ὀναίμην (ὀνίναμαι)
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
New term for this book. ὀναίμην (1:20), a third and final wordplay on Onesimus’s own name. Recommend a translator’s note flagging the wordplay, otherwise invisible in Urdu, following the earlier puns in vv.10-11.
Having Confidence
Approved rendering: اعتماد رکھتے ہوئے
Transliteration: i’timād rakhte hue
Doctrine: Grace-Motivated Obedience
Original: πεποιθώς (πείθω)
Category: Grace-Motivated Obedience
New term for this book. πεποιθώς (1:21), Paul’s settled trust that Philemon will do even more than requested.
Graciously Given Restored
Approved rendering: مجھے واپس بخش دیا جائے گا
Transliteration: mujhe vāpas bak͟hsh diyā jā’egā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Rejected alternatives: a flat ‘I hope to come to you’ rendering (rejected — loses the deliberate χάρις-root echo entirely)
Original: χαρισθήσομαι (χαρίζομαι)
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. χαρισθήσομαι (1:22), future passive of χαρίζομαι, sharing its root with χάρις (‘grace’); elsewhere in the NT this same verb family is the ordinary word for ‘to forgive’ (Ephesians 4:32, Colossians 3:13). Uses بخشنا (also Urdu’s common ‘to forgive’ verb) to preserve the grace-word echo. Recommend a brief translator’s note pointing out the connection.
Fellowship Koinonia
Approved rendering: رفاقت
Transliteration: rifāqat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Partnership
Rejected alternatives: a flattened generic ‘fellowship of believers’ rendering (rejected — drops the genitive’s faith-generated, practical-partnership sense and its forward link to 1:17)
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Philemon-specific escalation of the baseline fellowship entry (same Urdu word, رفاقت), applying only to 1:6: κοινωνία τῆς πίστεώς σου (‘the fellowship/partnership arising from your faith’) — a genitive of source requiring the practical, faith-generated-partnership sense, not a vague ‘fellowship of believers.’ Anticipates κοινωνός (partner) at 1:17 (see partner_koinonos entry above); this forward link must not be lost.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: شکرگزاری
Transliteration: shukr-guzārī
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Standard term, genuinely shared ground with the Quranic virtue of shukr. Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:4.
Exhort
Approved rendering: نصیحت کرنا
Transliteration: naṣīḥat karnā
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Context-sensitive baseline entry: use منت سماجت for beseeching; نصیحت کرنا for building up/admonishing. Inherited from Romans package; CRITICAL FOR PHILEMON: Philemon 1:9-10’s παρακαλῶ must use this entry’s ENTREATY branch (منت سماجت کرتا ہوں, see appeal_entreaty entry below), never the نصیحت کرنا/admonish branch, or Paul’s rhetorical humility collapses into an instructional register.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: رفاقت
Transliteration: rifāqat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: امت
Shared participation in Christ, deliberately not named with امت (the Islamic global-community concept). Inherited from Romans package; relevant to Philemon 1:1-2, 1:23-24 (fellow-worker/soldier/captive cluster) at this general Low risk. NOTE: Philemon 1:6 raises this term’s risk to Medium in that specific verse due to a genitive-construction nuance — see fellowship_koinonia entry below, a Philemon-specific escalation, not a change to this base entry.
Sister
Approved rendering: بہن
Transliteration: bahan
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἀδελφή
Category: Church
New term for this book. Fictive-kinship feminine form, applied to Apphia (1:2). No significant doctrinal risk.
Fellow Worker
Approved rendering: ساتھی کارکن
Transliteration: sāthī kārkun
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: συνεργός
Category: Church
New term for this book. Partner in gospel labor, applied to Philemon (1:1) and Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, Luke (1:24).
Fellow Soldier
Approved rendering: ساتھی سپاہی
Transliteration: sāthī sipāhī
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: συστρατιώτης
Category: Church
New term for this book. Comrade-in-arms metaphor for shared gospel struggle, applied to Archippus (1:2). Keep figurative; do not over-literalize toward holy-war connotations.
Fellow Captive
Approved rendering: ساتھی قیدی
Transliteration: sāthī qaidī
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: συναιχμάλωτος
Category: Church
New term for this book. Fellow prisoner-of-war (literal or spiritual), applied to Epaphras (1:23).
Useless Achrestos
Approved rendering: نکما / بےکار
Transliteration: nikammā / be-kār
Doctrine: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
Original: ἄχρηστος
Category: Slavery and the Gospel’s Transforming Power
New term for this book. Half of Paul’s wordplay on Onesimus’s own name (1:11, ‘formerly useless to you’). See useful_euchrestos below for the combined-risk note.
Send Back
Approved rendering: واپس بھیجا
Transliteration: vāpas bhejā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀναπέμπω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. To send back/return, describing Paul sending Onesimus back to Philemon (1:12).
Refresh Give Rest
Approved rendering: تازہ کرنا / آرام دینا
Transliteration: tāzā karnā / ārām denā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀναπαύω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. ἀναπαύω, used of the saints’ hearts refreshed through Philemon (1:7, perfect tense) and of Paul’s request that his own heart be so refreshed (1:20, imperative). Keep verb-choice consistent between both occurrences.
Serve Minister
Approved rendering: خدمت کرنا
Transliteration: k͟hidmat karnā
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: διακονέω
Category: Church
New term for this book. διακονέω, the service Onesimus might have rendered Paul on Philemon’s behalf (1:13).
Receive Welcome
Approved rendering: قبول کرنا / اپنا لینا
Transliteration: qubūl karnā / apnā lenā
Doctrine: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
Original: προσλαμβάνω
Category: Christian Brotherhood across Social Status
New term for this book. προσλαμβάνω, the concrete action Paul requests toward Onesimus (1:17).
Repay
Approved rendering: ادا کرنا / چکانا
Transliteration: adā karnā / chukānā
Doctrine: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
Original: ἀποτίνω
Category: Forgiveness and Reconciliation
New term for this book. ἀποτίνω (1:19), Paul’s personal, signed pledge reinforcing the v.18 accounting metaphor.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: مہمان خانہ / مہمان نوازی
Transliteration: mehmān k͟hānā / mehmān-nawāzī
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: سرائے (rejected — a commercial inn/caravanserai term that would wrongly suggest public lodging rather than personal household hospitality)
Original: ξενία
Category: Church
New term for this book. ξενία (1:22), Paul’s request that Philemon prepare him a guest room, anticipating a hoped-for visit; keeps the letter’s relational, household-based intimacy.
Spirit Human
Approved rendering: تمہاری روح
Transliteration: tumhārī rūḥ
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: πνεῦμα (this use, τὸ πνεῦμα ὑμῶν)
Category: God
New term for this book. πνεῦμα in τὸ πνεῦμα ὑμῶν (1:25), ‘your spirit’ — the human spirit of the recipients (plural), NOT the Holy Spirit; a standard Pauline closing formula (cf. Galatians 6:18). Term itself is safe, but flag for clarity: Urdu script does not distinguish ‘spirit’ from ‘Spirit’ the way English capitalization does, so a careless contextual reading could import Trinity-Person overtones (see holy_spirit entry above). Recommend an explicit translator’s note at first occurrence in any Urdu document.
Timothy
Approved rendering: تیمتھیس
Transliteration: tīmuthīs
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book. Paul’s co-sender (1:1); established Urdu Bible form.
Philemon Name
Approved rendering: فلیمون
Transliteration: filemūn
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book. Letter’s recipient and book title; established Urdu Bible Society form, also used as the book-citation name (see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md citation table).
Apphia
Approved rendering: افیہ
Transliteration: afiyah
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book (1:2).
Archippus
Approved rendering: ارخپس
Transliteration: arkhippas
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book (1:2).
Onesimus Name
Approved rendering: انیسمس
Transliteration: anīsimas
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book (1:10 and throughout). Means ‘useful, profitable’ — the root of the wordplays in vv.11 and 20 (see useless_achrestos, useful_euchrestos, have_benefit_of entries above). Recommend a translator’s footnote at first occurrence explaining the name’s meaning, since the pun is otherwise invisible in Urdu.
Epaphras
Approved rendering: اپفراس
Transliteration: epafrās
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book (1:23).
Mark
Approved rendering: مرقس
Transliteration: marqus
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book (1:24), established Urdu Bible form (cf. Gospel of Mark).
Aristarchus
Approved rendering: ارسترخس
Transliteration: aristarkhus
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book (1:24).
Demas
Approved rendering: دیماس
Transliteration: dēmās
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book (1:24).
Luke
Approved rendering: لوقا
Transliteration: lūqā
Doctrine: Proper Name
New proper name for this book (1:24), established Urdu Bible form (cf. Gospel of Luke).
Referenced passages