Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter (English–Greek–Urdu)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the full book (chapters 1–3) with special depth on the core passage (1:16–21). Terms marked [TM] are already established in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and are reused here exactly, per this package’s governing rule; they are not re-decided. Terms without [TM] are new to this curriculum and are proposed here for promotion into translation memory at the appropriate Phase 1/2 step.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and review routing (Human theologian / Native speaker / Automated).
A. Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in 2 Peter
| English | Greek | Urdu (reused exactly) | Risk | Citations in 2 Peter | Review routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | خدا | Critical | 1:1, 2, 17, 21; 2:4; 3:5 | Human theologian |
| Jesus (Christ) | Ἰησοῦς (Χριστός) | یسوع (مسیح) | Critical | 1:1, 2, 8, 11, 14, 16; 2:20; 3:18 | Human theologian |
| Lord | κύριος | خداوند | Critical | 1:2, 8, 11, 14, 16; 2:1, 20; 3:2, 8, 9, 10, 15, 18 | Human theologian |
| Son of God | υἱός | خدا کا بیٹا | Critical | 1:17 | Human theologian |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | روح القدس | Critical | 1:21 | Human theologian |
| Salvation | σωτηρία | نجات | Critical | 3:15 | Human theologian |
| Faith | πίστις | ایمان | High | 1:1, 5 | Human theologian |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | راستبازی | Critical | 1:1; 2:5, 21; 3:13 | Human theologian |
| Grace | χάρις | فضل | High | 1:2; 3:18 | Human theologian |
| Glory | δόξα | جلال | High | 1:3, 17 (x2); 3:18 | Human theologian |
| Holy | ἅγιος | پاک | High | 1:18, 21; 3:2, 11 | Human theologian |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | گناہ | High | 1:9; 2:14 | Human theologian |
| Called / Calling | κλητός / κλῆσις | بلایا گیا / بلاہٹ | High | 1:10 | Human theologian |
| Election | ἐκλογή | خدا کا انتخاب | High | 1:10 | Human theologian |
| Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | خدا کی قدرت | High | 1:3, 16 | Human theologian |
| Prophecy | προφητεία | پیشن گوئی | Low | 1:19, 20, 21; 3:2 | Automated/Native |
| Prophet | προφήτης (ψευδο-) | نبی | Low/High | 2:1, 16 | Native speaker (High as ψευδο-) |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | رسول | Medium | 1:1; 3:2 | Native speaker |
| Slavery / Slave | δουλεία / δοῦλος | غلامی / غلام | Medium | 1:1; 2:19 | Native speaker |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | صلح | Medium | 1:2 | Native speaker |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | خدا کی بادشاہی | Medium | 1:11 (as “eternal kingdom”) | Native speaker |
| Promise | ἐπαγγελία / ἐπάγγελμα | وعدہ | High | 1:4; 3:4, 9, 13 | Human theologian |
| Curse | κατάρα | لعنت | Critical | 2:14 | Human theologian |
| Flesh | σάρξ | جسم | High | 2:10, 18 | Human theologian |
| Freedom | ἐλευθερία | آزادی | Critical | 2:19 | Human theologian |
| Redemption (root) | ἀγοράζω | خریدنا | Critical | 2:1 | Human theologian |
| New Creation | καινὴ κτίσις (adapted) | نئی مخلوق | High | 3:13 (new heavens/earth) | Human theologian |
| Self-Control | ἐγκράτεια | ضبطِ نفس | Low | 1:6 | Automated |
B. New Terms Introduced by 2 Peter (proposed for translation memory promotion)
| English gloss | Greek (translit.) | Urdu | Transliteration | Risk | Citations | Rejected alternatives & reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | نجات دہندہ | najāt-dahinda | Critical | 1:1, 11; 2:20; 3:2, 18 | — (established Urdu Christian title; must pair consistently with خداوند/خدا) |
| Divine nature | θεία φύσις (theia physis) | الٰہی طبیعت | ilāhī ṭabī’at | Critical | 1:4 | — |
| Partaker (of divine nature) | κοινωνός (koinōnos) | حصہ دار | hissa-dār | Critical | 1:4 | شریک (sharīk) rejected — shares the root of شرک (shirk), the Qur’an’s unforgivable sin of associating a partner with God (Qur’an 4:48, 4:116); using it here would place the exact shirk-vocabulary into a doctrine about humans sharing God’s nature, the single most dangerous possible lexical collision in this package |
| Corruption | φθορά (phthora) | بگاڑ | bigāṛ | Medium | 1:4; 2:12, 19 | فساد (fasād) rejected — imports the specific Qur’anic legal category of “corruption in the land” (fasād fī’l-arḍ, Qur’an 2:11, 5:33), a criminal-legal concept distinct from Peter’s moral-decay sense |
| Lust / disordered desire | ἐπιθυμία (epithymia) | شہوت | shahwat | Medium | 1:4; 2:10, 18; 3:3 | — (shared, standard vocabulary) |
| Full/personal knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις (epignōsis) | معرفت | ma’rifat | High | 1:2, 3, 8; 2:20 | Must be taught as knowledge given through revelation and received by faith, not attained through Sufi mystical/ascetic discipline (the classical sense of ma’rifah as an attained gnosis-station) |
| Knowledge (general) | γνῶσις (gnōsis) | علم | ’ilm | Medium | 1:5, 6; 3:18 | Kept distinct from ἐπίγνωσις/معرفت above to preserve 2 Peter’s own internal distinction |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | خدا ترسی | k͟hudā-tarsī | Medium | 1:3, 6, 7; 3:11 | دینداری (dīndārī) rejected — دین’s strong association with “religion” (frequently functioning as shorthand for Islam specifically) risks framing Christian godliness as competing-institutional-religion adherence rather than reverent relationship with God |
| Virtue / excellence | ἀρετή (aretē) | نیکی | nekī | Low-Medium | 1:3, 5 | — |
| False prophets | ψευδοπροφῆται (pseudoprophētai) | جھوٹے نبی | jhūt’he nabī | High | 2:1 | Scope must stay explicit: OT/NT-internal false claimants, not commentary on figures recognized within Islamic prophetology |
| False teachers | ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι (pseudodidaskaloi) | جھوٹے معلّم | jhūt’he mu’allim | High | 2:1 | — |
| Destructive heresies/sects | αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας (haireseis apōleias) | ہلاکت انگیز گمراہ کن تعلیمات | halākat-angez gumrāh-kun ta’līmāt | Critical | 2:1 | فرقہ (firqah) rejected — a live, socially explosive term for intra-Muslim sectarian faction/conflict in Pakistan/India (cf. firqa-wārīyat, “sectarianism,” tied to real historical violence); using it risks being read as commentary on that conflict rather than Peter’s point about false doctrine |
| Master / Sovereign | δεσπότης (despotēs) | مالک | mālik | High | 2:1 | Kept distinct from خداوند (κύριος); مالک is safe shared divine-attribute vocabulary (cf. al-Malik) when clearly anchored to Christ |
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου (hēmera kyriou) | خداوند کا دن | k͟hudāvand kā din | Critical | 3:10 | Bare قیامت rejected as primary — already reserved with its own qualifying requirement for Christ’s specific resurrection in the baseline; reusing unqualified here would blur two distinct senses. Genuine convergence with Islamic qiyāmat on the cosmic “what” (universal judgment, cosmic dissolution) must be taught alongside real divergence on the “who/how” (Christ as divine judge; salvation through him alone) |
| Christ’s Coming / Parousia | παρουσία (parousia) | آمد | āmad | Critical | 1:16; 3:4 | ظہور (zuhūr) rejected — the fixed technical term for the Twelfth Imam’s awaited manifestation/return in Twelver Shia eschatology; also flag the distinct hadith-tradition doctrine (Sunni and Shia) of ʿIsa’s own subordinate, mortal, eventually-buried return, which readers may default to unless explicitly distinguished |
| God’s patience/longsuffering | μακροθυμία (makrothymia) | تحمل / بردباری | taḥammul / burd-bārī | High | 3:9, 15 | صبر (sabr) deliberately not used here (reserved for human ὑπομονή, see below), to keep divine-forbearance and human-endurance roles distinct; positive comparative bridge available via حلم/al-Ḥalīm (God’s forbearance as a divine attribute in Islamic theology) — engage this bridge explicitly in teaching, while noting the distinct evangelistic purpose (time for repentance leading to salvation through Christ) |
| Endurance / steadfastness (human virtue) | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | صبر | sabr | Medium | 1:6 | Safe, natural use of a major shared Islamic ethical term in a human-virtue-to-human-virtue context; deliberately not extended to God’s own patience (see μακροθυμία above) |
| Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | توبہ | tawbah | High | 3:9 | Genuine bridge term (tawbah is a major, well-developed Islamic devotional concept); must be taught as repentance leading to salvation secured through Christ’s atoning work specifically, not the mercy-weighed-against-deeds mechanism assumed in Islamic usage (per baseline grace/salvation notes) |
| Error / deception | πλάνη (planē) | گمراہی | gumrāhī | Medium | 3:17 | Genuine, safe bridge term (cf. Qur’an’s “those who have gone astray,” Surah al-Fātiḥah) |
| Steadfastness (general) | στηριγμός / ἀστήρικτος (stērigmos / astēriktos) | استقامت / ثابت قدمی | istiqāmat / sābit-qadamī | Medium | 1:12; 2:14; 3:16-17 | استقامت is a genuine, safe bridge term (istiqāmah, uprightness in Islamic devotional vocabulary) |
| Cosmic elements | στοιχεῖα (stoicheia) | کائنات کے عناصر | kā’ināt ke ‘anāṣir | Medium | 3:10 | Must NOT reuse the Galatians baseline rendering (دنیا کے ابتدائی اصول, “elemental religious systems”) — same Greek word, unrelated referent (physical cosmic elements, not ritual-calendar systems); cross-contamination would confuse both doctrines |
| Scripture / writing | γραφή (graphē) | کلامِ مقدس / صحیفہ | kalām-e-muqaddas / ṣaḥīfah | High | 1:20 | Must be distinguished from the Islamic doctrine that prior scriptures (Tawrat, Injil) were later corrupted (taḥrīf); this verse’s own point (divine, not private-human, origin) is the safeguard of reliability, not later preservation history |
| Private interpretation | ἰδία ἐπίλυσις (idia epilysis) | ذاتی تفسیر | zātī tafsīr | Medium | 1:20 | تفسیر is a safe, already-naturalized bridge term (also used of Islamic Qur’anic commentary; and already used in Urdu Christian Bible-commentary usage) |
| Carried along (by the Spirit) | φέρομαι (pheromai) | چلائے گئے / اُٹھائے گئے | chalāye ga’e / uṭhāye ga’e | High | 1:21 | Model of cooperative, personal inspiration (human voice retained) must be distinguished from the classical Islamic doctrine of verbatim dictated revelation (tanzīl) via Jibreel — comparative point for teaching material, not the base text |
| Eyewitness | ἐπόπτης (epoptēs) | عینی شاہد | ’ainī shāhid | Low | 1:16 | — |
| Majesty | μεγαλειότης (megaleiotēs) | عظمت | ’aẕmat | Medium | 1:16 | Safe shared divine-attribute vocabulary when anchored to Christ |
| Myths / fables | μῦθος (mythos) | من گھڑت کہانیاں | man-ghaṛat kahāniyāṅ | Low | 1:16 | — |
| Destruction / perdition | ἀπώλεια (apōleia) | ہلاکت | halākat | Medium | 2:1, 3; 3:7, 16 | — |
| Judgment | κρίσις (krisis) | عدالت / سزا | ’adālat / sazā | Medium | 2:3, 4, 9; 3:7 | — |
| Ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια (asebēs / asebeia) | خدا سے بےپروا / نافرمان | k͟hudā se be-parwā / nāfarmān | Medium-High | 2:5, 6; 3:7 | بےدین (be-dīn) flagged for avoidance — دین’s strong contextual association with “Islam as the [true] religion” risks reading as “irreligious/apostate” in a specifically Islamic frame rather than “without reverence for God” |
| Blaspheme / revile | βλασφημέω (blasphēmeō) | توہین کرنا | tawhīn karnā | Medium-High | 2:2, 10, 12 | کفر بولنا rejected as primary — کفر names a specific technical status (disbelief, opposite of īmān) in Islamic theology; conflating “blaspheme/revile” with that status-category risks unintended breadth |
| Flood | κατακλυσμός (kataklysmos) | طوفان | ṭūfān | Low | 2:5; 3:6 | Genuine bridge term — Noah’s/Nūḥ’s flood is also Qur’anic narrative (Surah Hūd, Nūḥ) |
| Dissolve / melt away | λύω (lyō) | پگھل جانا | pighal jānā | Medium | 3:10, 11, 12 | فنا (fanā’) flagged for avoidance — carries strong Sufi mystical resonance (self-annihilation into the divine); avoid in this cosmological context to prevent unintended devotional-mystical reading |
| Wages of wrongdoing | μισθὸς ἀδικίας (misthos adikias) | ناراستی کی مزدوری | nā-rāstī kī mazdūrī | Medium | 2:13, 15 | Must not be read as implying salvation itself operates on a wages-earned model; describes just recompense for wrongdoing specifically, adjacent to but distinct from the baseline’s mizan/deeds-at-judgment caution |
| Enticement / bait | δελεάζω (deleazō) | پھسلانا | phuslānā | Low | 2:14, 18 | — |
| Sensuality / licentiousness | ἀσέλγεια (aselgeia) | عیاشی / بےحیائی | ’ayyāshī / be-ḥayā’ī | Low-Medium | 2:2, 7, 18 | — |
| Wisdom | σοφία (sophia) | حکمت | ḥikmat | Low-Medium | 3:15 | Safe, shared vocabulary |
| Departure (death) | ἔξοδος (exodos) | رحلت | raḥlat | Low-Medium | 1:15 | Positive shared register: also a dignified Urdu/Islamic term for the death of a revered figure |
| Tabernacle/tent (body) | σκήνωμα (skēnōma) | خیمہ | khaimah | Low | 1:13, 14 | — |
| Purification / cleansing | καθαρισμός (katharismos) | تطہیر | tat’hīr | Medium | 1:9 | Distinguish from Islamic ritual-purity categories (wuḍūʾ, ghusl), parallel to baseline holy/sanctification caution |
| Firmly established | στηρίζω (stērizō) | مستحکم / قائم | mustaḥkam / qā’im | Low-Medium | 1:12 | — |
C. Chapter Coverage Confirmation
- Chapter 1 (vv. 1–15 covered in section, vv. 16–21 covered as core passage): full new-term coverage above; no sections silently omitted.
- Chapter 2 (vv. 1–22): full new-term coverage above, spanning the introduction of false teachers (2:1–3), OT judgment examples (2:4–10a), their character and fate (2:10b–17), and the false-freedom/apostasy warning (2:18–22).
- Chapter 3 (vv. 1–18): full new-term coverage above, spanning the scoffers’ objection (3:1–4), the flood/fire pattern of judgment (3:5–7), God’s patience and the Day of the Lord (3:8–10), holy living and new creation (3:11–13), and the closing exhortation (3:14–18).
No chapter of 2 Peter introduces zero new theological vocabulary; all three chapters are substantively covered above.
Cross-reference: full contextual definitions, verse citations, and doctrinal notes for every term above are recorded in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md. All terms marked New in Section B are proposed for promotion into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json, with risk tiers to be mirrored into doctrine_risk_registry.json, at the next Phase 1 step.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: راستبازی
Transliteration: rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: نیکی, تقویٰ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:1 (Christ’s own righteousness), 2:5 (Noah as ‘herald of righteousness’), 2:21 (righteous Lot), 3:13 (righteousness dwelling in the new creation). At 2:5, the specifically forensic, faith-based content must be taught explicitly, since Qur’anic Nuh narratives frame his preaching primarily as a call to tawhid rather than to a credited righteous status received by faith.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: najāt
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: مکتی
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 3:15. Full contrastive-teaching requirement applies every time (mercy-weighed-against-deeds vs. Christ’s substitutionary atonement); must be tied consistently to نجات دہندہ (savior, new term below).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: قیامت
Transliteration: qiyāmat
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: پنر جنم
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly used as a term in 2 Peter’s own text, but retained here as a mandatory FENCING reference: قیامت is reserved, with its own qualifying language, exclusively for Christ’s specific resurrection. It must NEVER be used unqualified for 2 Peter 3:10’s ‘Day of the Lord’ (see day_of_the_lord below), to avoid blurring two distinct, already-settled senses within this Language Package family.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: k͟hudāvand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک, آقا
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used throughout 2 Peter (1:2, 8, 11, 14, 16; 2:1, 20; 3:2, 8, 9, 10, 15, 18), regularly in the fixed pairing ‘Lord and Savior’ (خداوند اور نجات دہندہ, see savior below). Never softened to مالک/آقا for kyrios; مالک is reserved separately for despotes (see master_sovereign below).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: خدا کا بیٹا
Transliteration: k͟hudā kā beṭā
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ابن اللہ
Original: υἱός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 2 Peter 1:17 is a DIRECT DIVINE-VOICE UTTERANCE of this title at the Transfiguration (‘This is my beloved Son’), making it one of the highest-stakes occurrences of the term in the whole curriculum. Mandatory eternal-not-begotten annotation at every occurrence, per the baseline’s single most important recurring requirement.
Jesus
Approved rendering: یسوع
Transliteration: yasū’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Always combined as یسوع مسیح (see jesus_christ below); never bare عیسیٰ.
God
Approved rendering: خدا
Transliteration: k͟hudā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: اللہ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Peter 1:1 this term collides directly with the letter’s own grammatical identification of Jesus Christ as θεός (‘our God and Savior’) — see god_and_savior_of_jesus_christ below. Never اللہ, per the baseline’s Khuda-tradition rule.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: rūḥ al-qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Peter 1:21 روح القدس is the divine agent who moved human authors to produce Scripture — sits directly against the Islamic doctrine of waḥy/tanzīl, in which mainstream tafsir identifies ruh al-qudus with the angel Jibreel. Never omit the co-equal-divine-Person clarifying note.
Father
Approved rendering: باپ
Transliteration: bāp
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: θεὸς πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Peter 1:17 (خدا باپ, ‘God the Father’) this is the distinct divine Person audibly honoring and glorifying the Son at the Transfiguration — Trinitarian, not merely honorific, framing.
Curse
Approved rendering: لعنت
Transliteration: la’nat
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: κατάρα
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 2:14 (‘children of cursing’). Shared Islamic-theology vocabulary (la’nah on Iblis); teach as God’s judicial verdict, not folk-curse magic.
Freedom
Approved rendering: آزادی
Transliteration: āzādī
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. In 2 Peter 2:19 used IRONICALLY: false teachers promise a freedom from moral restraint that is in fact slavery to corruption — the inverse of the curriculum’s positive freedom-in-Christ doctrine. Mandatory explicit contrast note every occurrence in ch. 2 so a reader never conflates the gospel’s true freedom with this counterfeit. No rejected alternative term exists; risk is in framing, not word choice.
Cross Crucifixion
Approved rendering: صلیب / مصلوب
Transliteration: ṣalīb / maṣlūb
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Retained here as a mandatory FENCING/cross-reference: 2 Peter 2:1’s redemption_purchase (ἀγοράζω, ‘bought’) presupposes exactly this historical crucifixion, which Qur’an 4:157 denies occurred. Automatic theologian-review flag on every occurrence of either term.
Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: یسوع مسیح
Transliteration: yasū’ masīḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ (bare), یسوع (bare, without مسیح)
Original: Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
New for 2 Peter, reinforcing the baseline’s mandatory compound-name rule with unusual density: the compound recurs at 1:1, 2, 8, 11, 14, 16; 2:20; 3:18. Never split or paraphrased; never bare عیسیٰ, which signals the Qur’anic prophet-Isa rather than the New Testament’s full divine-Son portrait.
God And Savior Of Jesus Christ
Approved rendering: ہمارے خدا اور نجات دہندہ یسوع مسیح
Transliteration: hamāre k͟hudā aur najāt-dahinda yasū’ masīḥ
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as ‘Our God and Savior’
Rejected alternatives: ہمارے خدا، اور نجات دہندہ یسوع مسیح (split into two figures)
Original: τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
New for 2 Peter 1:1. A single-article Greek construction that names Jesus Christ directly as θεός, arguably a MORE direct deity claim than ‘Son of God’ since it removes sonship’s relational buffer. Must preserve the single tight identification — never let خدا be heard as modifying a separate figure from ‘Savior Jesus Christ.’ Requires the same theologian review weight and pastoral eternal-not-begotten-style framing as sonship_of_christ.
Savior
Approved rendering: نجات دہندہ
Transliteration: najāt-dahinda
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as ‘Our God and Savior’
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New for 2 Peter. Fixed recurring title (1:1, 11; 2:20; 3:2, 18), regularly paired with خداوند (‘Lord and Savior,’ خداوند اور نجات دہندہ). Must be rendered identically every occurrence and tied consistently to نجات so the reader connects the title to Christ-secured deliverance, distinct from the Islamic mercy-weighed-against-deeds mechanism.
Divine Nature
Approved rendering: الٰہی طبیعت
Transliteration: ilāhī ṭabī’at
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: θεία φύσις
Category: Sanctification
New for 2 Peter 1:4. Anchors the letter’s ‘Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption’ doctrine. No single-word Urdu equivalent exists; retain this compound permanently. Must be taught as progressive moral and relational conformity to God’s holiness, never ontological merger or believers becoming divine beings — see partaker below for the acute paired lexical risk.
Partaker
Approved rendering: حصہ دار
Transliteration: hissa-dār
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: شریک (sharīk) — FORBIDDEN OUTRIGHT, NO EXCEPTIONS
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Sanctification
New for 2 Peter 1:4. THE SINGLE MOST DELICATE LEXICAL DECISION IN THIS ENTIRE PACKAGE. شریک shares its exact root with شرک (shirk), the Qur’an’s unforgivable sin of associating a partner with God (Qur’an 4:48, 4:116). Using شریک here would place the shirk-vocabulary itself inside a doctrine about humans sharing God’s nature — likely the single most inflammatory possible mistranslation available in this curriculum. حصہ دار (ordinary commercial/participatory ‘shareholder’ vocabulary) is mandatory, paired every occurrence with a teaching note clarifying Christlike moral conformity, never ontological merger or partnership within the Godhead.
Destructive Heresies
Approved rendering: ہلاکت انگیز گمراہ کن تعلیمات
Transliteration: halākat-angez gumrāh-kun ta’līmāt
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: فرقہ (firqah) — rejected outright, never use even as secondary gloss
Original: αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας
Category: False Teaching
New for 2 Peter 2:1. فرقہ and firqa-wārīyat (‘sectarianism’) are live, socially explosive terms in Pakistani/Indian Muslim discourse tied to real historical and ongoing intra-Muslim sectarian conflict and violence. Using فرقہ risks the passage being read as commentary on present sectarian conflict rather than Peter’s point about doctrinal error leading to destruction.
Redemption Purchase
Approved rendering: خریدنا
Transliteration: k͟harīdnā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
New for 2 Peter 2:1 (ἀγοράζω). Christ’s atoning purchase of believers at the price of his own life/blood, presupposing the historical crucifixion the Qur’an denies (Qur’an 4:157). Automatically flag for theologian review per the cross_crucifixion escalation rule (see above).
Christs Coming Parousia
Approved rendering: آمد
Transliteration: āmad
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: ظہور (zuhūr) — rejected outright
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Peter (παρουσία, 1:16; 3:4). ظہور is the fixed technical term for the Twelfth Imam’s awaited manifestation/return in Twelver Shia eschatology and must never be used. Also distinguish from the Sunni/Shia hadith tradition of Isa’s own subordinate, mortal, eventually-buried return — not a divine, glorified Judge — which readers will likely default to unless explicitly flagged. Render consistently as آمد at every occurrence.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند کا دن
Transliteration: k͟hudāvand kā din
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: bare قیامت (already reserved for Christ’s specific resurrection)
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Peter 3:10. A rare case of genuine partial convergence with Islamic qiyamat on the cosmic ‘what’ (universal judgment, cosmic dissolution); teach this alongside real divergence on the ‘who’ (Christ as divine judge, per god_and_savior_of_jesus_christ) and ‘how’ (نجات through union with Christ, not deeds-weighed mercy). Never render as bare قیامت.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: faz̤l
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: رحمت, احسان, کرم
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:2 (greeting) and 3:18 (closing exhortation, ‘grow in grace’); 3:18 is the letter’s thesis-equivalent verse and must be rendered identically wherever quoted.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: īmān
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:1, 5. Every occurrence must make explicit that the object of faith is Christ, per baseline note; 1:1 also carries the ‘faith of equal standing/value’ point (ἰσότιμος πίστις) — no second-class faith between apostles and later Gentile believers.
Called
Approved rendering: بلایا گیا
Transliteration: bulāyā gayā
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: دعوت دی گئی
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Paired with ‘election’ at 2 Peter 1:10, where believers confirm a prior sovereign call through fruitful living.
Calling
Approved rendering: بلاہٹ
Transliteration: bulāhaṭ
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: دعوت
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Noun form used at 2 Peter 1:10 alongside ‘election.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: پاک
Transliteration: pāk
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: طاہر
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:18 (holy mountain), 1:21 (holy prophets), 3:2 (holy prophets), 3:11 (holy conduct).
Sin
Approved rendering: گناہ
Transliteration: gunāh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:9 (past sins cleansed at conversion) and 2:14 (continuing sin among false teachers). Context in 2 Peter concerns individual sin, not the baseline’s separate Adamic-guilt caution.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalāl
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:3, 1:17 (twice), and the closing doxology 3:18 (‘to him be glory… to the day of eternity’) — an implicit deity claim continuous with 1:1 and 1:17. Must always be anchored to Christ specifically in context.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: خدا کی قدرت
Transliteration: k͟hudā kī qudrat
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: θεία δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:3 (source of all provision for life and godliness) and 1:16 (Christ’s power displayed at the Transfiguration). Safe, shared divine-attribute vocabulary (cf. Allah as al-Qadir); risk sits in adjacent terms (divine_nature, sonship), not in قدرت itself.
Election
Approved rendering: خدا کا انتخاب
Transliteration: k͟hudā kā intik͟hāb
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: تقدیر
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Paired with ‘calling’ at 2 Peter 1:10. Never تقدیر; engage taqdir directly and respectfully in Providence-adjacent teaching, not as a substitute word.
Promise
Approved rendering: وعدہ
Transliteration: wa’dah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: وعدہ مشروط (conditional framing)
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:4 (‘precious and very great promises’) and 3:4, 9, 13 (the promise of Christ’s coming and the new heavens/earth). Genuine bridge word (Quranic wa’d); keep unconditional, God-initiated sense.
Redemption
Approved rendering: چھڑایا / چھٹکارا
Transliteration: chhuṛāyā / chhuṭkārā
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: فدیہ
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Retained here as the general redemption term, kept DISTINCT from the new, 2 Peter-specific term redemption_purchase (خریدنا, ἀγοράζω, 2:1), which names the specific commercial-purchase image tied to Christ’s atoning death.
Flesh
Approved rendering: جسم
Transliteration: jism
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: نفس (risks importing the Sufi nafs-discipline system)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 2:10, 18, the domain of disordered desire (epithymia) that false teachers indulge and promote. Must not collapse into body-negation asceticism.
New Creation
Approved rendering: نئی مخلوق
Transliteration: na’ī mak͟hlūq
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Underlies the theology of 2 Peter 3:13’s ‘new heavens and new earth’ (see new_creation_heavens_earth below): God as sole Creator-agent of renewal, never achieved by human ritual or observance.
Eternal Kingdom Lord And Savior
Approved rendering: ہمارے خداوند اور نجات دہندہ کی ابدی بادشاہی
Transliteration: hamāre k͟hudāvand aur najāt-dahinda kī abadī bādshāhī
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
New for 2 Peter 1:11, the specific fixed expansion of خدا کی بادشاہی paired with the ‘Lord and Savior’ title. The certain final inheritance confirming believers’ calling and election (1:10).
Full Personal Knowledge
Approved rendering: معرفت
Transliteration: ma’rifat
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
New for 2 Peter (ἐπίγνωσις, 1:2, 3, 8; 2:20). Flagged High because ma’rifah in the Sufi devotional-mystical tradition names an attained stage of mystical/experiential gnosis reached through ascetic discipline. Teaching material must clarify this knowledge is GIVEN through God’s self-revelation in Christ and received by faith, never attained through mystical practice. Kept deliberately distinct from general_knowledge below.
False Prophets
Approved rendering: جھوٹے نبی
Transliteration: jhūt’he nabī
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοπροφῆται
Category: False Teaching
New for 2 Peter 2:1. Given نبی’s weight in Islamic prophetology, scope must stay explicit at first occurrence: this names OT/NT-internal false claimants (e.g., Balaam), never a claim about any figure recognized within Islamic prophetology.
False Teachers
Approved rendering: جھوٹے معلّم
Transliteration: jhūt’he mu’allim
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι
Category: False Teaching
New for 2 Peter 2:1, the central subject of chapter 2.
Master Sovereign
Approved rendering: مالک
Transliteration: mālik
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
New for 2 Peter 2:1 (δεσπότης). Christ as absolute owner of those he purchased, a stronger term than κύριος’s general ‘lord.’ Kept distinct from خداوند; مالک is safe shared divine-attribute vocabulary (cf. Allah as al-Malik) when clearly anchored to Christ.
New Creation Heavens Earth
Approved rendering: نئے آسمان اور نئی زمین
Transliteration: na’e āsmān aur na’ī zamīn
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Peter 3:13, in continuity with the baseline’s new_creation doctrine (Galatians 6:15). Anchor consistently to نئی مخلوق’s theology: God as sole Creator-agent of renewal, never achieved by human ritual or observance.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: خدا سے بےپروا / نافرمان
Transliteration: k͟hudā se be-parwā / nāfarmān
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: بےدین (be-dīn)
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
New for 2 Peter (ἀσεβής/ἀσέβεια, 2:5, 6; 3:7). بےدین rejected: دین’s strong contextual association with ‘religion’ (frequently shorthand for Islam specifically, ‘the Din’) risks بےدین being read as ‘irreligious/apostate’ in a specifically Islamic frame rather than ‘without reverence for the true God.‘
Gods Patience
Approved rendering: تحمل / بردباری
Transliteration: taḥammul / burd-bārī
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: صبر (deliberately reserved for human endurance)
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: God
New for 2 Peter (μακροθυμία, 3:9, 15). Deliberately NOT صبر, to keep divine forbearance and human endurance conceptually distinct across the letter. Genuine positive comparative bridge via حلم/al-Ḥalīm (one of the 99 names of Allah) should be engaged directly in teaching, while making explicit the specific evangelistic purpose (time for repentance leading to salvation through Christ) goes beyond what حلم alone implies.
Repentance
Approved rendering: توبہ
Transliteration: tawbah
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
New for 2 Peter 3:9 (μετάνοια). Major, well-developed shared Islamic devotional concept; must be taught as repentance leading to salvation secured specifically through Christ’s finished work, not the mercy-weighed-against-deeds framework Islamic tawbah typically operates within.
Scripture Writing
Approved rendering: کلامِ مقدس / صحیفہ
Transliteration: kalām-e-muqaddas / ṣaḥīfah
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: انجیل (bare, alone)
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Peter 1:20 (γραφή). Must be distinguished from the Islamic doctrine that prior scriptures (Tawrat, Injil) were later corrupted (tahrif); this verse asserts the opposite claim — Scripture’s ORIGIN, not later transmission history, safeguards its reliability. Never render with bare انجیل, which invokes the taḥrīf-vulnerable book-object sense flagged Critical in the baseline gospel entry.
Carried Along By The Spirit
Approved rendering: چلائے گئے / اُٹھائے گئے
Transliteration: chalāye ga’e / uṭhāye ga’e
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: φέρομαι
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Peter 1:21 (φέρομαι). Describes a cooperative model of inspiration (human authors carried along while retaining their own voice), structurally different from the classical Islamic doctrine of verbatim dictated revelation (tanzil) via Jibreel. Comparative point for teaching material, not the base translated text.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasūl
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: نبی
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:1 (Peter’s self-designation) and 3:2 (‘the commandment of the Lord and Savior through your apostles’). Distinguish from the Qur’anic scripture-bearing rasul paradigm per baseline note.
Peace
Approved rendering: صلح
Transliteration: ṣulḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: سلامتی
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in the 2 Peter 1:2 epistolary greeting (‘grace and peace’).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: خدا کی بادشاہی
Transliteration: k͟hudā kī bādshāhī
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: αἰώνιος βασιλεία τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged, for the general concept. In 2 Peter 1:11 this concept appears in the fixed, expanded phrase ‘the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior’ — see the new term eternal_kingdom_lord_and_savior below for that specific pairing.
Elemental Principles
Approved rendering: دنیا کے ابتدائی اصول
Transliteration: dunyā ke ibtidā’ī uṣūl
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Retained here purely as a mandatory FENCING reference: this phrase (Galatians’ rendering of στοιχεῖα as enslaving religious/ritual-calendar systems) must NEVER be reused for 2 Peter 3:10’s cosmic_elements (κά’ināt ke ‘anāṣir, see below), which names the unrelated physical/cosmic referent of the same Greek word.
Slavery
Approved rendering: غلامی / غلام
Transliteration: ghulāmī / ghulām
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: δουλεία / δοῦλος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:1 (Peter’s honorific self-designation as Christ’s bondservant) and 2:19 (false teachers’ true condition, ironically, as ‘slaves of corruption’). Frame 1:1 as honorific total-ownership self-designation, not literal chattel slavery.
Majesty
Approved rendering: عظمت
Transliteration: ‘aẕmat
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Authority
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: God
New for 2 Peter 1:16. Christ’s divine splendor displayed at the Transfiguration. Shared divine-attribute vocabulary (cf. Allah’s ‘aẕamat); safe when clearly anchored to Christ specifically, per the جلال (glory) pattern.
Corruption
Approved rendering: بگاڑ
Transliteration: bigāṛ
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: فساد (fasād)
Original: φθορά
Category: Sin
New for 2 Peter (1:4; 2:12, 19). فساد rejected: fasād fī’l-arḍ (‘corruption in the land,’ Qur’an 2:11, 5:33) is a specific criminal-legal category in Islamic jurisprudence, distinct from Peter’s moral-decay sense.
Lust Disordered Desire
Approved rendering: شہوت
Transliteration: shahwat
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
New for 2 Peter (1:4; 2:10, 18; 3:3). Standard, shared vocabulary across Urdu religious registers; safe if context makes clear this is disordered desire, not desire as such.
General Knowledge
Approved rendering: علم
Transliteration: ‘ilm
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Faith
New for 2 Peter (γνῶσις, 1:5-6; 3:18). Kept deliberately distinct from full_personal_knowledge/معرفت above, to preserve 2 Peter’s own internal ἐπίγνωσις/γνῶσις distinction.
Godliness
Approved rendering: خدا ترسی
Transliteration: k͟hudā-tarsī
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: دینداری (dīndārī)
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Faith
New for 2 Peter (εὐσέβεια, 1:3, 6, 7; 3:11). دینداری rejected: دین’s strong association with institutional ‘religion’ (frequently functioning as shorthand for Islam specifically, ‘the Deen’) risks framing Christian godliness as competing-religion adherence rather than reverent relationship with God.
Endurance Human
Approved rendering: صبر
Transliteration: sabr
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Sanctification
New for 2 Peter (ὑπομονή, 1:6). Deliberately reserved for HUMAN endurance only, using the major shared Islamic ethical term sabr in its safest, most natural application. NEVER used for God’s own forbearance in ch. 3 (see gods_patience below) — the two conceptual roles must be kept distinct throughout this letter.
Purification Cleansing
Approved rendering: تطہیر
Transliteration: tat’hīr
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: καθαρισμός
Category: Sanctification
New for 2 Peter (καθαρισμός, 1:9). Distinguish from Islamic ritual-purity categories (wudu, ghusl), parallel to the baseline’s holy/sanctification cautions.
Cosmic Elements
Approved rendering: کائنات کے عناصر
Transliteration: kā’ināt ke ‘anāṣir
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: دنیا کے ابتدائی اصول (the Galatians baseline’s unrelated rendering of the same Greek word)
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Peter 3:10 (στοιχεῖα, physical/cosmic elements). Must NOT reuse the Galatians baseline’s elemental_principles rendering, which names an unrelated referent (enslaving religious/ritual-calendar systems). Cross-contamination between the two senses would confuse both doctrines.
Dissolve Melt Away
Approved rendering: پگھل جانا
Transliteration: pighal jānā
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: فنا (fanā’)
Original: λύω
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Peter 3:10-12 (λύω). فنا carries strong Sufi mystical resonance (self-annihilation into the divine, already flagged in the Galatians baseline at 2:20); avoided here to prevent unintended devotional-mystical reading of a cosmological, not personal-identity, statement.
Private Interpretation
Approved rendering: ذاتی تفسیر
Transliteration: zātī tafsīr
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἰδία ἐπίλυσις
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Peter 1:20 (ἰδία ἐπίλυσις). تفسیر is the major Islamic technical term for scriptural (Qur’anic) commentary/exegesis, already naturalized in Urdu Christian Bible-commentary usage — a genuine, safe bridge word.
Steadfastness General
Approved rendering: استقامت / ثابت قدمی
Transliteration: istiqāmat / sābit-qadamī
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: στηριγμός / ἀστήρικτος
Category: Faith
New for 2 Peter (στηριγμός/ἀστήρικτος, 1:12 positive; 2:14, 3:16-17 negative). استقامت is a genuine, safe bridge term (istiqamah, uprightness/steadfastness on the straight path in Islamic devotional vocabulary).
Error Deception
Approved rendering: گمراہی
Transliteration: gumrāhī
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: πλάνη
Category: Sin
New for 2 Peter 3:17 (πλάνη). Genuine, safe bridge term (cf. Qur’an’s ‘those who have gone astray,’ Surah al-Fatihah).
Blaspheme Revile
Approved rendering: توہین کرنا
Transliteration: tawhīn karnā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: کفر بولنا
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Sin
New for 2 Peter (βλασφημέω, 2:2, 10, 12). کفر بولنا rejected: کفر names a specific technical status (disbelief, opposite of iman) in Islamic theology; conflating ‘blaspheme/revile’ with that status-category risks unintended breadth.
Destruction Perdition
Approved rendering: ہلاکت
Transliteration: halākat
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Peter (ἀπώλεια, 2:1, 3; 3:7, 16). Final, ruinous destruction awaiting false teachers and unstable people who distort Scripture.
Judgment
Approved rendering: عدالت / سزا
Transliteration: ‘adālat / sazā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Peter (κρίσις, 2:3, 4, 9; 3:7). God’s certain, coming judicial verdict.
Wages Of Wrongdoing
Approved rendering: ناراستی کی مزدوری
Transliteration: nā-rāstī kī mazdūrī
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New for 2 Peter (μισθὸς ἀδικίας, 2:13, 15). Adjacent to the baseline’s mizan/deeds-at-judgment caution; must not be read as implying salvation operates on a wages-earned model generally — describes just recompense for wrongdoing specifically.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: رفاقت
Transliteration: rifāqat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: امت
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Not directly used as a distinct term in 2 Peter’s text, but retained here as the designated safe FENCING family for any future κοινωνία/‘shared participation’ vocabulary in this letter, alongside حصہ دار (see partaker below) — both are the approved alternatives to the forbidden شریک root.
Prophet
Approved rendering: نبی
Transliteration: nabī
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 3:2 (‘the holy prophets’), and negated at 2:1 (‘false prophets,’ see false_prophets below). Given نبی’s weight in Islamic prophetology, scope every negated use explicitly to OT/NT-internal claimants.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: پیشن گوئی
Transliteration: peshan go’ī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used in 2 Peter 1:19, 20, 21 and 3:2, the letter’s central term for the OT prophetic witness confirmed by apostolic eyewitness testimony.
Self Control
Approved rendering: ضبطِ نفس
Transliteration: ẕabt̤-e-nafs
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Galatians extension of Romans package, unchanged. Used in the virtue chain at 2 Peter 1:6, directly opposing 1:4’s corruption (φθορά).
Virtue Excellence
Approved rendering: نیکی
Transliteration: nekī
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Faith
New for 2 Peter (ἀρετή, 1:3, 5). Standard, safe term applied both to God’s own excellence and the human virtue chain.
Brotherly Affection
Approved rendering: بھائیوں کی سی محبت
Transliteration: bhā’iyoṅ kī sī muḥabbat
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
New for 2 Peter (φιλαδελφία, 1:7). Standard, safe term.
Love
Approved rendering: محبت
Transliteration: muḥabbat
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
New for 2 Peter (ἀγάπη, 1:7), the capstone of the virtue chain. Consistent with the baseline’s law_of_christ love-command usage in Galatians.
Eyewitness
Approved rendering: عینی شاہد
Transliteration: ‘ainī shāhid
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Authority
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Peter 1:16 (ἐπόπτης). Standard forensic/legal term grounding apostolic authority in personal, historical observation. Must not be assimilated to mystical/visionary religious knowledge (e.g. Sufi kashf) or presented as requiring hadith-style isnad verification — it is self-authenticating apostolic testimony to a historical event.
Myths Fables
Approved rendering: من گھڑت کہانیاں
Transliteration: man-ghaṛat kahāniyāṅ
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Authority
Original: μῦθος
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Peter 1:16 (μῦθος). Standard descriptive term contrasting apostolic testimony with invented tales.
Departure Death
Approved rendering: رحلت
Transliteration: raḥlat
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Authority
New for 2 Peter 1:15 (ἔξοδος). Dignified, formal Urdu term for the death/passing of a revered figure; also used in Islamic usage (e.g. ‘رحلتِ رسول’) — a genuine positive point of shared register, not a risk.
Tabernacle Tent
Approved rendering: خیمہ
Transliteration: k͟haimah
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Authority
New for 2 Peter 1:13-14 (σκήνωμα). Standard biblical body-as-tent metaphor for Peter’s approaching death.
Flood
Approved rendering: طوفان
Transliteration: ṭūfān
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Eschatology
New for 2 Peter (κατακλυσμός, 2:5; 3:6). Genuine positive bridge term: Noah’s/Nuh’s flood is also Qur’anic narrative (Surah Hud, Surah Nuh).
Firmly Established
Approved rendering: مستحکم / قائم
Transliteration: mustaḥkam / qā’im
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
New for 2 Peter 1:12 (στηρίζω). Standard vocabulary for being settled/firmly grounded in the present truth.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: حکمت
Transliteration: ḥikmat
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: σοφία
Category: Scripture
New for 2 Peter 3:15 (σοφία). Shared, safe vocabulary (also a Qur’anic term for divine wisdom).
Enticement Bait
Approved rendering: پھسلانا
Transliteration: phuslānā
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New for 2 Peter (δελεάζω, 2:14, 18). Fishing/hunting-bait metaphor for false teachers deliberately targeting the spiritually unstable.
Sensuality Licentiousness
Approved rendering: عیاشی / بےحیائی
Transliteration: ‘ayyāshī / be-ḥayā’ī
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
New for 2 Peter (ἀσέλγεια, 2:2, 7, 18). Unrestrained, shameless immoral indulgence.
Referenced passages