Core Glossary

Core Glossary: James (یعقوب), English–Urdu

Curriculum: James Destination language: Urdu (Perso-Arabic/Nastaliq script) Baseline authority: All entries marked “Baseline reuse” are copied exactly from translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json (Romans/Galatians Language Package) and MUST NOT be altered. New entries are proposed for this book and require the same review routing conventions as the baseline (Critical/High → human theologian; Medium → native speaker; Low → automated).

Legend: Risk = Critical / High / Medium / Low. Status = Baseline reuse / New (this book).

#	Term (English)	Greek / Transliteration	Urdu Rendering	Risk	Status	Chapter Refs	Notes
1	James (author)	Ἰάκωβος / Iakōbos	یعقوب	Medium	New	1:1	Established Urdu Bible form; shares its root with the patriarch Jacob (Qur’anic Ya’qub, a prophet). Not the same referent — brief clarifying note recommended at first occurrence that this “James” is the Lord’s brother/Jerusalem church leader, not the patriarch.
2	servant (of God/Christ)	δοῦλος / doulos	خادم	Medium	New	1:1	Positive self-designation; deliberately NOT غلام, which this pipeline reserves for the negative bondage-under-law/sin doctrine (Galatians).
3	twelve tribes / Dispersion	δώδεκα φυλαῖς / διασπορᾷ	بارہ قبیلے / پراگندگی	Low	New	1:1	Original addressees; brief historical footnote recommended.
4	faith	πίστις / pistis	ایمان	Critical	Baseline reuse	throughout, esp. 1:3,6; 2:1,5,14-26; 5:15	Object of faith (trust in Christ) must remain explicit per baseline note; James additionally tests whether professed ایمان is genuine (2:14-26) — same word carries both “claimed” and “genuine” senses, resolved contextually by works, not by a second Urdu term.
5	trial / testing	πειρασμός (positive sense) / peirasmos	آزمائش	High	New	1:2,12	Same Greek word as “temptation” below; James’s deliberate wordplay must be flagged, not silently resolved into two unrelated Urdu roots without a note.
6	temptation (to sin)	πειρασμός (negative sense) / peirasmos	تحریک / آزمائش	High	New	1:13-14	God tests (allows trial) but never tempts (entices toward sin) — 1:13 explicit denial.
7	steadfastness / endurance	ὑπομονή / hypomonē	استقامت / صبر	Medium	New	1:3-4; 5:11	صبر is rich, genuinely shared positive ground with Islamic devotional virtue; James’s specific trial→character causal logic (1:3-4) should still be taught explicitly.
8	patience / forbearance	μακροθυμία / makrothymia	صبر / تحمل	Medium	New	5:7-8,10	Distinct nuance from ὑπομονή (waiting/forbearance vs. active endurance); both legitimately رendered with the صبر word-family.
9	perfect / complete	τέλειος / teleios	کامل	Medium	New	1:4,17,25; 2:22; 3:2	Maturity/completeness, NOT sinless perfection (a status reserved for prophets in Islamic theology); keep consistent across all occurrences including 2:22’s ἐτελειώθη.
10	wisdom	σοφία / sophia	حکمت	Medium	New	1:5; 3:13-17	Genuine shared vocabulary with Quranic hikmah; safe but not to be assumed doctrinally identical.
11	doubt / double-minded	δίψυχος / dipsychos	دو دلا	High	New	1:6-8; 4:8	Recurs at a key hinge (4:8); must remain lexically consistent across both occurrences.
12	crown of life	στέφανος τῆς ζωῆς	زندگی کا تاج	Medium	New	1:12	Eschatological reward imagery; connect conceptually, not lexically, to باseline ابدی زندگی.
13	God does not tempt	ὁ θεὸς … πειραστής κακῶν	خدا کسی کو گناہ کی طرف نہیں لے جاتا	High	New	1:13	Divine-attribute clarification; distinct from providence/power entries which affirm God’s sovereign use of trials.
14	desire / lust	ἐπιθυμία / epithymia	خواہش	Medium	New	1:14-15; 4:1-2	Parallel to Islamic نفس/desire discourse; do not import Sufi nafs-discipline framework unqualified (cf. baseline flesh caution).
15	sin gives birth to death	ἁμαρτία ἀποκύει θάνατον	گناہ موت کو جنم دیتا ہے	High	New	1:15	Reinforces baseline `sin` doctrine’s added claim beyond individual-accountability Islamic theology.
16	Father of lights	πατὴρ τῶν φώτων	نوروں کا باپ	Medium	New	1:17	Reuses baseline باپ (Father); keep distinct from جلال (glory), a separate term.
17	firstfruits	ἀπαρχή / aparchē	پہلا پھل	Medium	New	1:18	OT sacrificial-calendar background; brief note recommended.
18	implanted word	ἔμφυτος λόγος	بویا ہوا کلام	Medium	New	1:21	Connects to baseline `gospel` (خوش خبری) doctrine.
19	doers of the word, not hearers only	ποιηταὶ λόγου, μὴ … ἀκροαταὶ	کلام پر عمل کرنے والے، نہ کہ صرف سننے والے	High	New	1:22-25	First statement of the book’s Faith-and-Works theme; must set up, not pre-empt, 2:14-26.
20	law of liberty	νόμος ἐλευθερίας	آزادی کی شریعت	Critical	New (combines two baseline terms)	1:25; 2:12	Combines baseline شریعت (High) and آزادی (Critical, politically resonant); must never suggest freedom from Islam as a socio-political/religious system. Mandatory theologian review.
21	pure and undefiled religion	θρησκεία καθαρὰ καὶ ἀμίαντος	پاک اور بےداغ دین داری	High	New	1:27	”دین” root risk; دین داری (compound) softens toward general piety; anchor with relational qualifier.
22	orphans and widows	ὀρφανοὺς καὶ χήρας	یتیم اور بیوہ	Low	New	1:27	Genuinely positive shared ground (major Qur’anic ethical theme); an asset, not a risk.
23	unstained by the world	ἄσπιλον ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου	دنیا سے بےداغ	Medium	New	1:27	Anticipates ch.4 worldliness doctrine.
24	glory (of Christ)	δόξα / doxa	جلال	Critical	Baseline reuse	2:1	Direct high-Christology title; must not be softened (Deity of Christ doctrine).
25	favoritism / partiality	προσωπολημψία	طرفداری	Medium	New	2:1,9	Straightforward social-ethics term.
26	poor / rich	πτωχός / πλούσιος	غریب / دولت مند	Medium	New	2:2-6; 5:1	Central to Favoritism and the Poor doctrine.
27	heirs of the kingdom	κληρονόμους τῆς βασιλείας	خدا کی بادشاہی کے وارث	Medium-High	Baseline reuse (combined)	2:5	Combines کدا کی بادشاہی (Medium) and وارث (Medium, Galatians baseline).
28	chosen / election	ἐκλέγομαι / eklegomai	خدا کا انتخاب	High	Baseline reuse	2:5	Avoid تقدیر per baseline rule.
29	royal law	νόμος βασιλικός	بادشاہی شریعت	High	New	2:8	Frame as the law’s own internal summary, never a rival “sharia” system.
30	the whole law	ὅλον τὸν νόμον	پوری شریعت	High	New	2:10-11	Illustrates the moral law’s unity/seriousness.
31	mercy	ἔλεος / eleos	رحمت	Medium	New	2:13; 3:17	Distinct from باseline فضل (grace); safe shared Quranic divine-attribute term for general compassion.
32	judgment without mercy	κρίσις ἀνέλεος	رحمت کے بغیر عدالت	High	New	2:13	Warning to believers about their own conduct; avoid mīzān-style misreading.
33	works (general, James’s)	ἔργα / erga	اعمال	Critical	New (highest cross-document coordination risk)	1:25 (implicit); 2:14-26 (throughout)	Bare, unqualified — textually correct here (James means general good deeds), but is exactly the term the Galatians baseline warns must almost always be qualified because it is a live Islamic deeds-at-judgment (mīzān) term. Mandatory contrastive note every occurrence distinguishing this from #34 and from Islamic mīzān mechanics.
34	works of the law (cross-reference only)	ἔργα νόμου	شریعت کے اعمال	Critical	Baseline reuse (Galatians)	cross-reference for #33	James’s ἔργα (unqualified, general good deeds/evidence of faith) is NOT Paul’s ἔργα νόμου (Mosaic Torah-observance, rejected as a basis for justification). Distinguishing these two is the single most important cross-book harmonization task in this Language Package.
35	dead faith	πίστις … νεκρά	مردہ ایمان	High	New	2:17,20,26	Fixed compound for this Language Package; means faith that never was living/saving faith, not “faith that used to work but died.”
36	justified / justification	δικαιόω / dikaioō	راستباز ٹھہرایا جانا	Critical	Baseline reuse	2:21,24,25	SAME phrase as baseline forensic-justification term but used here in a demonstrative/vindication sense (shown righteous by evidence), not the initial forensic declaration sense (Romans/Galatians). Mandatory contrastive theologian note every occurrence — see #37.
37	justification by faith vs. justification by works (harmonization)	(discourse-level, not a single Greek term)	—	Critical	New (discourse-level entry)	2:14-26 (whole unit)	Paul answers “on what basis does God declare a sinner righteous” (faith alone, apart from works of the law). James answers “how is genuine faith recognized/vindicated” (by its inevitable works). Same verb (δικαιόω), two aspects, not a contradiction. This entry exists to be cited by every occurrence of #36 in this book.
38	imputed righteousness	ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην	منسوب راستبازی	Critical	Baseline reuse	2:23	Direct citation of Genesis 15:6, identical Greek phrase to the baseline entry; absolute enforcement, no deviation — this is James’s own anchor back to faith-alone doctrine.
39	righteousness	δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē	راستبازی	Critical	Baseline reuse	1:20; 2:23; 3:18	Note distinct uses: forensic status (2:23) vs. ethical-fruit sense (3:18, “fruit of righteousness”) — same Urdu word, context-dependent aspect; flag both.
40	demons	δαιμόνια / daimonia	بدروحیں	High	New — FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION ADDED	2:19	NEVER render as جن (jinn) — a distinct, extensively theorized Islamic cosmological category. بدروحیں is the established Urdu Christian Bible term (Gospels’ exorcism accounts).
41	friend of God	φίλος θεοῦ	خدا کا دوست	Medium	New	2:23	Positive bridge point (cf. Qur’anic Khalilullah for Ibrahim), but underlying content (credited righteousness by faith) exceeds the Quranic title; comparative note recommended, not text-level adjudication.
42	Rahab	Ῥαάβ / Rhaab	راحب	Low	New	2:25	Second witness to James’s pattern; requires Joshua 2/6 background note.
43	teacher	διδάσκαλος / didaskalos	استاد / معلم	Medium	New	3:1	Genuinely appropriate authority-connotation here (unlike Galatians’ paidagōgos caution); frame around accountability.
44	tongue	γλῶσσα / glōssa	زبان	High	New	3:1-12	Central to Taming the Tongue doctrine; preserve vivid imagery.
45	fire (destructive speech)	πῦρ / pyr	آگ	Medium	New	3:5-6	Vivid metaphor; preserve force.
46	curse (of people)	καταράομαι / kataraomai	لعنت	Medium	Baseline reuse (different context)	3:9-10	Same term as Galatians’ God’s-judicial-curse entry (Critical there); here it is human sinful speech against people, not God’s verdict — flag the reuse for reviewer awareness.
47	wisdom from above vs. earthly/demonic wisdom	ἡ ἄνωθεν σοφία / ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης	اوپر کی حکمت / دنیاوی، شیطانی حکمت	High	New	3:15,17	Contrast is about source/fruit of a disposition, not a claim adjudicating against Islamic hikmah generally.
48	peaceable, gentle	εἰρηνική, ἐπιεικής	سلامتی پسند / نرم مزاج	Medium	New	3:17	Use سلامتی here, NOT صلح (reserved for Romans 5:1’s forensic peace-with-God sense) — keep registers distinct.
49	fruit of righteousness	καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης	راستبازی کا پھل	High	New (reuses Critical root)	3:18	Ethical fruit/outcome sense; must not be conflated with forensic justification (#38-39).
50	friendship with the world	ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου	دنیا سے دوستی	High	New	4:4	Central to Worldliness versus Friendship with God; clarify as spiritual allegiance, not rejection of society/culture.
51	enmity with God	ἔχθρα τοῦ θεοῦ	خدا سے دشمنی	High	New	4:4	Strong language, must not be softened; pastoral framing required given real social stakes.
52	submit to God / resist the devil	ὑποτάγητε τῷ θεῷ / ἀντίστητε τῷ διαβόλῳ	خدا کے تابع ہو جاؤ / ابلیس کا مقابلہ کرو	Critical	New — FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION ADDED	4:7	ὑποτάγητε is semantically adjacent to the literal root meaning of “Islam.” NEVER use any س-ل-م-root vocabulary here. Mandatory theologian review.
53	devil	διάβολος / diabolos	شیطان (primary) / ابلیس	Medium	New	4:7	Safe shared ground — both traditions affirm a real personal adversarial being; distinct from the داimonia/jinn caution (#40).
54	draw near to God	ἐγγίσατε τῷ θεῷ	خدا کے قریب آؤ	Low	New	4:8	—
55	purify your hearts, double-minded	ἁγνίσατε καρδίας, δίψυχοι	دل پاک کرو، اے دو دلو	Medium	Baseline reuse (پاک) + New	4:8	Reuses باseline پاک and ch.1’s دو دلا; consistency check only.
56	humble yourselves	ταπεινώθητε	خود کو عاجز کرو	Low	New	4:10	عاجزی is a recognized shared Islamic virtue (tawadu’).
57	if the Lord wills	ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ	اگر خداوند چاہے	Medium	New	4:13-16	Structural parallel to “In sha’Allah”; genuine bridge point — use خداوند, never اللہ, and avoid sounding like a direct quotation of the Arabic formula.
58	sin of omission	εἰδότι καλὸν ποιεῖν καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντι, ἁμαρτία	نیکی جانتے ہوئے نہ کرنا گناہ ہے	Medium	New	4:17	Reinforces baseline `sin` doctrine’s individual-accountability dimension.
59	rich (warned)	πλούσιοι / plousioi	دولت مند	Medium	New (reuse)	5:1-6	Social-justice register.
60	withheld wages	ὁ μισθὸς ἀφυστερημένος	مزدوروں کی روکی گئی مزدوری	Medium	New	5:4	Concrete social-ethics term.
61	day of slaughter	ἡμέρα σφαγῆς	ذبح کا دن	Medium	New	5:5	Eschatological judgment imagery.
62	patience (until the Lord’s coming)	μακροθυμήσατε	صبر / تحمل	Medium	New (reuse #8)	5:7-8,10	See #8.
63	coming of the Lord	παρουσία τοῦ κυρίου	خداوند کی آمد	Critical	Baseline reuse (خداوند)	5:7-8	Reuses خداوند’s exclusive-Lordship weight; central to Patience and the Lord’s Return.
64	judge standing at the door	ὁ κριτὴς πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν ἕστηκεν	منصف دروازے پر کھڑا ہے	Medium	New	5:9	Vivid, low-ambiguity imagery.
65	prophets	οἱ προφῆται	نبی	Low	Baseline reuse	5:10	—
66	Job’s patience	ὑπομονὴν Ἰώβ	ایوب کا صبر	Low	New	5:11	Genuine positive bridge — Ayyub is a named Qur’anic prophet known for sabr.
67	do not swear (oaths)	μὴ ὀμνύετε	قسم نہ کھاؤ	High	New	5:12	Oath-taking is normal in Islamic legal/social custom; frame as call to transparent truthfulness, not condemnation of the practice generally.
68	prayer of faith / healing	ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως / σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα	ایمان کی دعا / بیمار کو شفا دے گی، بچائے گی	High	New	5:14-15	σώζω root overlaps with باseline نجات (Critical); this is physical healing/restoration, not eternal salvation — must not conflate.
69	anoint with oil	ἀλείψαντες ἐλαίῳ	تیل سے مسح کرنا	Medium	New	5:14	No competing Islamic ritual parallel; not a sacramental healing guarantee.
70	elders of the church	πρεσβυτέρους τῆς ἐκκλησίας	کلیسیا کے بزرگ	High	New	5:14	بزرگ collides with the South Asian honorific for a revered Sufi saint/shrine figure; clarify as a functional congregational-leadership office.
71	confess your sins to one another	ἐξομολογεῖσθε τὰς ἁμαρτίας	ایک دوسرے کے سامنے اپنے گناہوں کا اقرار کرنا	Medium	New	5:16	Mutual/communal, not priestly-sacramental; distinct from Islamic tawbah’s direct-to-God pattern (worth noting, not concealing).
72	righteous person’s prayer	δέησις δικαίου	راست باز آدمی کی دعا	Medium	New (reuses راستباز root)	5:16	Moral-character sense, distinct from forensic-justification sense (#36, #38-39); flag for consistency.
73	Elijah’s prayer	Ἠλίας προσηύξατο	الیاس کی دعا	Low	New	5:17-18	Genuine positive bridge — Ilyas is a named Qur’anic prophet.
74	turn back a sinner	ἐπιστρέψῃ ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ	گناہ گار کو بھٹکنے کے راستے سے واپس لانا	High	New	5:19-20	Central to Confession and Restoration; frame as loving restoration, never coercive discipline or public confrontation.
75	save his soul from death	σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου	اُس کی روح کو موت سے بچائے گا	High	New	5:20	Another σώζω occurrence; read in continuity with باseline `salvation` (نجات), not as a separate mechanism.
76	cover a multitude of sins	καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν	گناہوں کے ڈھیر کو ڈھانپنا	Medium	New	5:20	Must not imply the restorer’s act earns the restored sinner’s forgiveness — avoid mīzān-adjacent misreading.

Cross-Cutting Notes for Phase 2

#33/#34/#36/#37/#38/#39 together constitute the single highest-priority cluster in this Language Package. Any Phase 2 segment touching James 2:14-26 must automatically route to human theologian review regardless of which individual term triggers the flag, per the discourse-level risk described in 07_semantic_analysis.md Part 0.
New forbidden substitutions to add to this book’s enforcement list (extending, never contradicting, the baseline list in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md):
- Never render δαιμόνια (#40) as جن — always بدروحیں.
- Never render ὑποτάγητε τῷ θεῷ (#52) using س-ل-م-root vocabulary — always تابع ہو جاؤ / خدا کے سامنے جھک جاؤ.
Positive bridge terms flagged for pastoral use, not avoidance: #22 (orphans/widows), #41 (friend of God), #57 (if the Lord wills), #66 (Job’s patience), #73 (Elijah’s prayer).
Register discipline: صلح (baseline, Romans 5:1 forensic peace-with-God) must remain distinct from سلامتی (#48, general peaceableness of character) throughout this book — do not let James’s frequent ethical “peace” language drift into the forensic term’s baseline slot.
All entries marked “Baseline reuse” are subject to the baseline’s absolute-enforcement rule (Critical/High: no deviation permitted). All entries marked “New” require the same review routing conventions as bible_term_registry.json and must be added to that registry (and to translation_memory.json) before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

Load alongside 07_semantic_analysis.md, and the baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json / doctrine_risk_registry.json, before Phase 2 processing of any James document.

Critical Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: īmān
Doctrine: Faith and Works

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED, RISK ELEVATED TO CRITICAL FOR THIS BOOK. James 2:14 uses the identical word ایمان for both a person’s mere verbal claim (‘says he has faith’) and for the genuine article, resolved only by the presence or absence of اعمال (works). Do NOT introduce a second Urdu word to disambiguate ‘claimed’ vs. ‘real’ faith — doing so collapses James’s entire rhetorical structure and increases the risk of the passage being read as agreeing with the Islamic mīzān framework. Mandatory human theologian review for every occurrence in James 2:14-26.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: راستبازی
Transliteration: rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: نیکی, تقویٰ

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James uses this word in TWO distinct senses that must be flagged per occurrence: (1) forensic status (James 1:20; 2:23, citing Genesis 15:6) and (2) practical ethical fruit/outcome (James 3:18, ‘fruit of righteousness’). Same Urdu word, must not let the ethical-fruit sense be read back into the forensic sense or vice versa.

Justification

Approved rendering: راستباز ٹھہرایا جانا
Transliteration: rāstbāz ṭhahrāyā jānā
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: معافی پانا

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James 2:21, 24, 25 use the identical compound in a DEMONSTRATIVE/VINDICATION sense (shown righteous by the evidence of a life) rather than Paul’s forensic-declaration sense (basis of standing before God, faith alone, apart from works of the law). Same phrase, two aspects, NOT a contradiction. Mandatory contrastive theologian note every occurrence in James 2:14-26 — see justification_by_faith_vs_works_harmonization in Section B.

Salvation

Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: najāt
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: مکتی

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James never uses نجات directly for eternal salvation as a noun, but σῴζω-root verbs recur at 1:21 (‘save the soul’), 2:14 (‘can faith save him’), 5:15 (‘the prayer of faith will save the sick’ — PHYSICAL healing, not eternal salvation), and 5:20 (‘save his soul from death’ — restoration of a straying believer). Every occurrence must be checked against this entry to prevent conflating physical healing, restoration-from-straying, and eternal salvation as though they were one undifferentiated concept.

Glory

Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalāl
Doctrine: Deity and Lordship of Christ (in James)

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, RISK ELEVATED TO CRITICAL FOR THIS BOOK per James’s own doctrine registry. James 2:1 applies جلال directly to Jesus (‘the Lord Jesus Christ, [the Lord] of glory’) — a direct, high-Christology title that must not be softened despite James’s comparatively narrative-sparse surrounding material. Keep distinct from باپ (Father of lights, 1:17), a separate term.

Lord

Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: k͟hudāvand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک, آقا

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Occurs in James at 1:1 (salutation — must not be under-weighted as a mere honorific), 2:1 (Lord Jesus Christ, Lord of glory), and 5:7-8, 14 (coming of the Lord, elders praying in the Lord’s name). Never softened, per baseline lordship_of_christ doctrine.

Jesus

Approved rendering: یسوع
Transliteration: yasū’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Used as یسوع مسیح (Yasu’ Masih) at James 1:1 and 2:1, consistent with the whole curriculum’s practice; never bare عیسیٰ.

God

Approved rendering: خدا
Transliteration: k͟hudā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: اللہ

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James uses خدا throughout (1:1, 1:5, 1:13, 1:27, 2:19, 2:23, 4:4-8, etc.). Never اللہ, per the baseline Khuda-tradition rule.

Father

Approved rendering: باپ
Transliteration: bāp
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Underlies James 1:17’s compound father_of_lights (نوروں کا باپ) — see Section B; keep distinct from جلال (glory), a separate term.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: rūḥ al-qudus
Doctrine: Sanctification

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James does NOT use روح القدس directly; James 2:26’s bare πνεῦμα (‘body without spirit/breath is dead’) is the ordinary human life-breath, NOT the Holy Spirit, and must be rendered بare روح, uncapitalized in sense, with a translator note distinguishing it from every روح القدس occurrence elsewhere in this curriculum’s baseline to prevent readers importing a divine-Spirit claim into a common-death analogy.

Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: منسوب راستبازی
Transliteration: mansūb rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: کمائی ہوئی راستبازی

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED, ABSOLUTE ENFORCEMENT, NO DEVIATION PERMITTED. James 2:23 directly cites Genesis 15:6 using this identical phrase as the Scripture ‘fulfilled’ by Abraham’s later act of offering Isaac. This is James’s own explicit textual anchor back to the forensic, faith-alone, apart-from-works doctrine already fixed in the Language Package; any drift here severs the reader’s ability to see that James is CITING, not contradicting, Paul’s own proof-text from the same Genesis passage.

Works Of The Law

Approved rendering: شریعت کے اعمال
Transliteration: sharī’at ke a’māl
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: اعمال (bare, unqualified), نیک اعمال

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Cited in James material ONLY as the necessary contrast term: James’s own vocabulary is the unqualified اعمال (works_general, Section B), describing general good deeds as evidence of genuine faith — NOT Mosaic Torah-observance. The two must never be conflated despite superficial lexical overlap (‘works’) in English.

Curse

Approved rendering: لعنت
Transliteration: la’nat
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose

INHERITED FROM GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED (Critical there: God’s own judicial curse-verdict; Christ becoming a curse, Galatians 3:13). James 3:9-10 reuses the IDENTICAL Urdu word for a completely different, lower-stakes referent: ordinary sinful human speech cursing another person made in God’s image. See curse_of_people in Section B — flag this reuse for every reviewer so the two distinct doctrinal weights carried by the same word are never conflated.

Law Of Liberty

Approved rendering: آزادی کی شریعت
Transliteration: āzādī kī sharī’at
Doctrine: The Law of Liberty

NEW for James. James 1:25; 2:12. Compounds two independently Critical/High baseline risk terms: شریعت (High — direct overlap with Islam’s own comprehensive legal-theological term) and آزادی (Critical, from Galatians — politically resonant, must never be heard as freedom from Islam as a social-political system). Combined, this phrase risks being misheard either as a claim of a rival, superior shari’ah or as coded liberation-from-Islam language. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence; frame strictly as inward moral liberation through obedience to God’s revealed will.

Works General

Approved rendering: اعمال
Transliteration: a’māl
Doctrine: Faith and Works
Rejected alternatives: نیک اعمال (narrower than James’s meaning and increases mīzān-adjacency rather than reducing it)

NEW for James — THE SINGLE HIGHEST CROSS-DOCUMENT COORDINATION RISK IN THIS LANGUAGE PACKAGE. James 1:25 (implicit); 2:14-26 (throughout). Bare, unqualified اعمال is textually CORRECT here (James means general good deeds/conduct as evidence of already-genuine faith, not Mosaic law-observance) — but this is precisely why it is so dangerous: اعمال is a live Islamic deeds-at-judgment (mīzān) technical term, and ‘a person is راستباز ٹھہرایا جانا by اعمال’ (2:24) is the single sentence in this curriculum’s translated New Testament most easily absorbed into that framework. Mandatory contrastive note EVERY occurrence, distinguishing this from شریعت کے اعمال (works_of_the_law, rejected by Paul as a justification-basis) and from the mīzān mechanism itself (works as the very basis securing najat). Mandatory human theologian review, entire 2:14-26 pericope routed as a discourse unit.

Justification By Faith Vs Works Harmonization

Approved rendering: (no single rendering — governed by راستباز ٹھہرایا جانا with mandatory contrastive note)
Transliteration: n/a
Doctrine: Faith and Works

NEW discourse-level entry for James, governing every occurrence of justification (راستباز ٹھہرایا جانا) throughout 2:14-26. Paul answers ‘on what basis does God declare a sinner righteous?’ (faith alone, apart from works of the law). James answers ‘how is genuine faith recognized/vindicated?’ (by its inevitable works). Same verb (δικαιόω), two aspects, NOT a contradiction. Without this stated explicitly in supporting teaching material (never smoothed into the base translated text, but never omitted from teaching material either), Urdu readers risk concluding either that Scripture contradicts itself, or that final نجات is, after all, secured by works weighed at judgment as in the mīzān framework.

Submit To God Resist Devil

Approved rendering: خدا کے تابع ہو جاؤ / ابلیس کا مقابلہ کرو
Transliteration: k͟hudā ke tābi’ ho jāo / iblīs kā muqābalah karo
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God
Rejected alternatives: تسلیم کرو, کوئی بھی س-ل-م-root فعل (اسلام لے آؤ، مسلم ہو جاؤ وغیرہ) — FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION

NEW for James — HARD FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION ADDED, CLOSEST LEXICAL COLLISION IN THE WHOLE JAMES CURRICULUM TO A RELIGION’S PROPER NAME. James 4:7. ὑποτάγητε (‘submit’) is semantically very close to the literal root meaning of ‘Islam’ (submission to God). The باseline already forbids اسلام for any submission/obedience concept because the word is now a distinct religion’s proper name (obedience_of_faith); this verse is the closest the whole curriculum comes to that exact territory. NEVER use any س-ل-م-root vocabulary here under any circumstance. Mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence.

Coming Of The Lord

Approved rendering: خداوند کی آمد
Transliteration: k͟hudāvand kī āmad
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return

NEW for James, reuses the باseline’s Critical term خداوند. James 5:7-8. Carries full exclusive-Lordship and deity-implying weight; must never be softened despite the underlying eschatological/Christological claim being recognized as contested. Do not soften to a generic ‘the Master’s arrival’ in this pastoral, agricultural-analogy passage.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: خوش خبری
Transliteration: khush khabrī
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: انجیل شریف کی تعلیم

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James cross-reference: underlies James 1:21’s ‘implanted word’ (بویا ہوا کلام) — the word received is the proclaimed gospel message, not primarily a claim about a preserved book, the same caution attached to انجیل/tahrif in the baseline.

Grace

Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: faz̤l
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: رحمت, احسان, کرم

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James cross-reference: keep فضل (unmerited favor apart from works) distinct from this book’s NEW term رحمت (mercy/general compassion, James 2:13; 3:17) — see mercy entry in Section B. Never substitute one for the other across documents.

Holy

Approved rendering: پاک
Transliteration: pāk
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: طاہر

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Reused at James 4:8 (‘purify your hearts,’ دل پاک کرو) — see purify_hearts_double_minded in Section B.

Saints

Approved rendering: مقدس لوگ
Transliteration: muqaddas log
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ولی

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James does not use this term directly (addressing readers as ‘brothers,’ بھائیو) but the corporate-not-elite sense governs how ‘elders of the church’ (5:14) and church-community language throughout James should be read — never an elite ascetic/Sufi-wali class.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: تقدیس
Transliteration: taqdīs
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: پاکیزگی

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Conceptually underlies James’s ‘perfect/complete’ (کامل) maturity theme (1:4, 1:17, 1:25, 2:22, 3:2) even though James does not use تقدیس itself.

Law

Approved rendering: شریعت
Transliteration: sharī’at
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: توریت

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James reuses شریعت repeatedly in compounds unique to this book — آزادی کی شریعت (law of liberty, 1:25; 2:12), بادشاہی شریعت (royal law, 2:8), پوری شریعت (whole law, 2:10-11) — see Section B. Every compound must be framed as the moral law’s own internal summary, never a claim to legal-system supremacy over Islamic shari’ah.

Sin

Approved rendering: گناہ
Transliteration: gunāh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James adds a causal claim beyond individual-accountability theology: desire conceives sin, and sin, full-grown, brings forth death (1:15) — see sin_gives_birth_to_death in Section B. Also underlies sin_of_omission (4:17).

Election

Approved rendering: خدا کا انتخاب
Transliteration: k͟hudā kā intik͟hāb
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor
Rejected alternatives: تقدیر

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James 2:5: God’s choice of the poor as rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom. تقدیر remains forbidden as a substitute per the absolute baseline rule.

Providence

Approved rendering: خدا کی تدبیر
Transliteration: k͟hudā kī tadbīr
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith
Rejected alternatives: تقدیر

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James cross-reference: must be kept doctrinally distinct from god_does_not_tempt (James 1:13) — خدا کی تدبیر affirms God’s sovereign, purposive use of trials for good; 1:13 denies God entices toward sin. Both claims are true and must not merge into one undifferentiated statement.

Flesh

Approved rendering: جسم
Transliteration: jism
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: نفس (risks importing the Sufi nafs-discipline system)

INHERITED FROM GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED (there rendering σάρξ, self-reliant sinful human nature). James 2:26 uses the SAME Urdu word جسم for a DIFFERENT Greek word, σῶμα (the ordinary physical body: ‘the body without the spirit/breath is dead’). No doctrinal collision, but flag for reviewers: this occurrence means the ordinary physical body, not the Galatians self-reliant-nature sense, so as not to import unrelated theological weight into a simple death-analogy.

Sow And Reap

Approved rendering: بونا اور کاٹنا
Transliteration: bonā aur kāṭnā
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens

INHERITED FROM GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Conceptually resonant with James 3:18’s ‘fruit of righteousness sown in peace’ and 5:7’s farmer awaiting the harvest as a patience-analogy; the harvest’s agent must remain the personal, living God, not an impersonal moral law, in both books.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: ابدی زندگی
Transliteration: abadī zindagī
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens

INHERITED FROM GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Connect conceptually (not lexically) to James’s crown_of_life (1:12, Section B) so that reward-imagery is read in continuity with, not as a separate merit-earned prize apart from, salvation already secured in Christ.

Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: ایمان کی فرمانبرداری
Transliteration: īmān kī farmānbardārī
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: اسلام

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Conceptually underlies James 1:22-25’s doers_of_the_word theme (Section B) and 4:7’s submit_to_god_resist_devil (Section B); اسلام remains absolutely forbidden as a substitute anywhere in this book, most acutely at James 4:7 — see that entry.

Trial Testing

Approved rendering: آزمائش
Transliteration: āzmā’ish
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith

NEW for James. James 1:2, 12. Positive sense of πειρασμός: external hardship that, endured in faith, produces steadfastness. Same Greek word also carries the negative ‘temptation to sin’ sense at 1:13-14 (see temptation_to_sin) — James’s wordplay is deliberate and doctrinally load-bearing; retain the same Urdu root for both senses (matching the Greek’s single-lexeme structure) but attach a mandatory disambiguating translator note at 1:13 rather than inventing two unrelated Urdu roots.

Temptation To Sin

Approved rendering: تحریک / آزمائش
Transliteration: taḥrīk / āzmā’ish
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith

NEW for James. James 1:13-14. Negative sense of πειρασμός: enticement toward sin, arising from one’s own desire, explicitly said NOT to originate from God (1:13). Must never be confused with providence/power-of-God entries which affirm God’s sovereign, purposive use of trials for good even while this verse denies he entices toward sin.

Doubt Double Minded

Approved rendering: دو دلا
Transliteration: do-dilā
Doctrine: Doubt and Single-Minded Faith

NEW for James. James 1:6-8; 4:8. Recurs at a key structural hinge; must remain LEXICALLY IDENTICAL at both occurrences so readers recognize 4:8’s remedy as a direct answer to 1:6-8’s diagnosis.

God Does Not Tempt

Approved rendering: خدا کسی کو گناہ کی طرف نہیں لے جاتا
Transliteration: k͟hudā kisī ko gunāh kī t̤araf nahī̃ le jātā
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith

NEW for James. James 1:13. Important divine-attribute clarification; must not be confused with باseline providence/power-of-God entries, which affirm God’s sovereign use of trials for good even while this verse denies he entices toward sin. Full-clause paraphrase, fixed for consistency.

Sin Gives Birth To Death

Approved rendering: گناہ موت کو جنم دیتا ہے
Transliteration: gunāh maut ko janm detā hai
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith

NEW for James. James 1:15. Causal chain: desire → sin → death. Reinforces baseline sin doctrine’s flagged gap — Islamic theology affirms individual accountability without inherited guilt (fitrah) but has no comparable doctrine of sin producing spiritual death as an inevitable organic consequence; teach explicitly, not assumed shared.

Doers Of The Word

Approved rendering: کلام پر عمل کرنے والے، نہ کہ صرف سننے والے
Transliteration: kalām par ‘amal karne wāle, na keh ṣirf sunne wāle
Doctrine: Faith and Works

NEW for James. James 1:22-25. FIRST statement of the book’s Faith-and-Works theme. Must be worded so as to set up, not pre-empt or contradict, the fuller treatment in 2:14-26. If rendered as an unqualified general ‘deeds matter’ statement, readers may resolve the faith/works ambiguity in the mīzān direction before the letter’s own fuller argument arrives.

Pure Undefiled Religion

Approved rendering: پاک اور بےداغ دین داری
Transliteration: pāk aur be-dāg̱h dīndārī
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion
Rejected alternatives: بے داغ دین (bare دین, rejected)

NEW for James. James 1:27. The root دین risks evoking the comprehensive Islamic dīn concept (a total religious-legal way of life), broader than English ‘religion’ in this narrower devotional-practice sense. دین داری narrows appropriately toward devotional character but must be anchored with a relational qualifier (e.g. ‘خدا کے حضور’) so as not to be heard as an implicit claim about which whole religious system is ‘pure.‘

Heirs Of The Kingdom

Approved rendering: خدا کی بادشاہی کے وارث
Transliteration: k͟hudā kī bādshāhī ke wāris
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor

NEW for James (combines two baseline terms). James 2:5. Combines خدا کی بادشاہی (Medium) and وارث (Medium, Galatians baseline); composite risk High since a careless reading could suggest a this-worldly political inheritance rather than the promised eschatological reign received by grace-promise, never merit.

Royal Law

Approved rendering: بادشاہی شریعت
Transliteration: bādshāhī sharī’at
Doctrine: The Law of Liberty

NEW for James. James 2:8. Ties شریعت to a ‘kingly’ qualifier for the supreme love-of-neighbor command (Leviticus 19:18); must be framed as the moral law’s own internal summary, never a rival ‘sharia’ system competing for legal supremacy.

Whole Law

Approved rendering: پوری شریعت
Transliteration: pūrī sharī’at
Doctrine: The Law of Liberty

NEW for James. James 2:10-11. Illustrates the moral law’s indivisible unity/seriousness in this specific ethical argument (partiality breaks the whole); must not be generalized into a claim equating or adjudicating between religious-legal systems.

Judgment Without Mercy

Approved rendering: رحمت کے بغیر عدالت
Transliteration: raḥmat ke baġẖair ‘adālat
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor

NEW for James. James 2:13. Must be taught as a warning about a professing believer’s own lack of mercy toward others (evidencing whether faith is genuine) — NOT as a description of God’s soteriological mechanism, which would drift toward the Islamic mīzān framework.

Dead Faith

Approved rendering: مردہ ایمان
Transliteration: murdah īmān
Doctrine: Faith and Works

NEW for James — fixed compound for this Language Package. James 2:17, 20, 26. Means ‘faith that never was living/saving faith to begin with,’ NOT ‘faith that used to work but subsequently died’ — the latter reading would imply salvation can be lost through a later absence of works, a distinct and unintended doctrinal claim. Standing clarifying note required at first occurrence.

Demons

Approved rendering: بدروحیں
Transliteration: badrūheṉ
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare: The Devil and Demons
Rejected alternatives: جن (jinn) — FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION

NEW for James — HARD FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION ADDED. James 2:19. Never render as جن: jinn constitute a distinct, extensively theorized Islamic cosmological category (created from smoke/fire, some believing, some not, per Qur’an 72) unrelated to the NT’s simpler fallen-hostile-spirit category. بدروحیں is the established Urdu Christian Bible term used throughout the Gospels’ exorcism accounts. James 2:19’s point (demons’ bare correct-proposition monotheism produces only dread, not saving trust) must not be presented as commenting on the sufficiency of Islamic tawhid itself.

Tongue

Approved rendering: زبان
Transliteration: zabān
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue

NEW for James. James 3:1-12. Risk is not lexical but doctrinal weight: preserve James’s vivid imagery (fire, poison, bridle, rudder) intact rather than flattening into generic speech-ethics advice, since the passage’s force depends on that vividness.

Wisdom From Above Vs Earthly

Approved rendering: اوپر کی حکمت / دنیاوی، شیطانی حکمت
Transliteration: ūpar kī ḥikmat / dunyāwī, shait̤ānī ḥikmat
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above

NEW for James. James 3:13-17. Sharp polarity between God-given wisdom (purity, peace) and self-seeking, unspiritual, even demonically-influenced ‘wisdom’ (envy, strife). Must be taught as a contrast of source/fruit within any individual’s disposition, never as an implicit comparative-religion claim adjudicating against Islamic hikmah generally.

Fruit Of Righteousness

Approved rendering: راستبازی کا پھل
Transliteration: rāstbāzī kā phal
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above

NEW for James, reuses the باseline’s Critical root راستبازی. James 3:18. Must be read as the practical, ethical fruit/outcome of righteous, peace-making living, NOT the forensic-justification status fixed elsewhere in this pipeline (imputed_righteousness, justification) — flag against unintended doctrinal conflation.

Friendship With The World

Approved rendering: دنیا سے دوستی
Transliteration: dunyā se dostī
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God

NEW for James. James 4:4. Must be clarified as a matter of ultimate spiritual allegiance (values, priorities, source of security), never a call to reject ordinary society, family, culture, or one’s neighbors of any faith wholesale.

Enmity With God

Approved rendering: خدا سے دشمنی
Transliteration: k͟hudā se dushmanī
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God

NEW for James. James 4:4. Strong language, must not be softened, but requires pastoral framing given real social stakes for Urdu-speaking readers, by analogy with the baseline’s apostasy_and_persecution_risk doctrine — the point is internal spiritual allegiance, not social confrontation.

Do Not Swear Oaths

Approved rendering: قسم نہ کھاؤ
Transliteration: qasam na khāo
Doctrine: Truthful Speech and Oaths

NEW for James. James 5:12. Oath-taking (قسم) is normal, live practice in Islamic legal/social custom. Must be framed pastorally as a call to a character of transparent truthfulness that makes external guarantees unnecessary, NEVER as a blanket condemnation of oath-related practice or an implicit critique of Islamic legal custom.

Prayer Of Faith Healing

Approved rendering: ایمان کی دعا… بیمار کو شفا دے گی / بچائے گی
Transliteration: īmān kī du’ā… bīmār ko shifā degī / bachāegī
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing

NEW for James. James 5:14-15. σῴζω here shares its root with the باseline’s Critical نجات (eternal salvation) but this occurrence is PHYSICAL healing/restoration — must not be conflated. Render شفا دینا/بچانا contextually with a clarifying note that this is not an unconditional physical-healing promise detached from God’s sovereign will, nor an eternal-salvation claim.

Elders Of The Church

Approved rendering: کلیسیا کے بزرگ
Transliteration: kalīsiyā ke buzurg
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing
Rejected alternatives: بزرگ (bare, without کلیسیا کے qualifier — never abbreviate once established)

NEW for James. James 5:14. بزرگ is also the standard South Asian honorific for a revered Sufi saint/holy man, often associated with a shrine (dargah) and popular veneration/intercession-seeking. Every occurrence requires a clarifying note that this refers to a functional, congregation-recognized church-leadership office, not a venerated holy-man or saint-intercessor figure.

Turn Back A Sinner

Approved rendering: گناہ گار کو بھٹکنے کے راستے سے واپس لانا
Transliteration: gunāhgār ko bhaṭakne ke rāste se wāpas lānā
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration

NEW for James. James 5:19-20. Must be framed as loving restoration within the community, NEVER coercive discipline or public confrontation, consistent with this pipeline’s established pastoral-sensitivity conventions for material with real social/familial stakes.

Save His Soul From Death

Approved rendering: اُس کی روح کو موت سے بچائے گا
Transliteration: us kī rūḥ ko maut se bachāegā
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration

NEW for James (another σῴζω occurrence, distinct from 5:15’s physical healing and from باseline eternal نجات). James 5:20. Must be read in continuity with, not as a separate mechanism from, the باseline نجات doctrine — this is the restoration of an already-believing person who has strayed, not a first-conversion event or a distinct second salvation-mechanism achieved by the restorer.

Medium Risk Terms

Church

Approved rendering: کلیسیا
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: مسجد, امت

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Required component of the compound کلیسیا کے بزرگ (‘elders of the church,’ James 5:14) — see elders_of_the_church in Section B; never drop this qualifier.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: خدا کی بادشاہی
Transliteration: k͟hudā kī bādshāhī
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Combines with باseline وارث (heir_inheritance) at James 2:5 to form heirs_of_the_kingdom — see Section B; composite risk raised to High there.

Heir Inheritance

Approved rendering: وارث
Transliteration: wāris
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship

INHERITED FROM GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. Combines with خدا کی بادشاہی at James 2:5 to form heirs_of_the_kingdom (Section B), raising composite risk to High: inheritance is by grace-promise, never merit, and must not be read as a this-worldly political inheritance.

Abraham

Approved rendering: ابراہام
Transliteration: ibrāhām
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: ابراہیم (Quranic form)

INHERITED FROM GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James 2:21-23 makes Abraham the central faith-and-works exemplar, citing Genesis 15:6 (2:23) and Genesis 22 (2:21). Note the Qur’an’s parallel Khalilullah (‘friend of God,’ Qur’an 4:125) title for Ibrahim — a genuine positive bridge to James 2:23’s friend_of_god (Section B), but James’s underlying content (credited righteousness by faith) exceeds the Quranic title alone; teach on James’s own terms, comparative note in supporting material only.

Peace

Approved rendering: صلح
Transliteration: ṣulḥ
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: سلامتی

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. RESERVED EXCLUSIVELY for the Romans 5:1 forensic peace-with-God-through-justification sense. James’s own ‘peace’ language (2:16’s social farewell ‘go in peace’; 3:17-18’s ethical peaceableness) must use سلامتی instead — see peaceable_gentle in Section B. Never let James’s frequent ethical/social ‘peace’ vocabulary drift into this forensic term’s slot, and never let this term’s weight leak into James’s more casual usage.

James Author

Approved rendering: یعقوب
Transliteration: yaʿqūb
Doctrine: Authorship and Address

NEW for James. James 1:1. Established Urdu Bible form, sharing its root with the patriarch Jacob (Qur’anic Ya’qub, an affirmed prophet). Not the same referent — a brief clarifying note at first occurrence that this ‘James’ is the Lord’s brother and Jerusalem church leader, not the patriarch, is recommended to prevent misattribution of the letter’s authority.

Servant Doulos

Approved rendering: خادم
Transliteration: khādim
Doctrine: Authorship and Address
Rejected alternatives: غلام

NEW for James. James 1:1. Positive self-designation of devoted service. Deliberately NOT غلام, reserved in this pipeline for the negative bondage-under-law/sin doctrine established in Galatians; using غلام here would wrongly import that negative connotation into James’s honorific self-title.

Steadfastness Endurance

Approved rendering: استقامت / صبر
Transliteration: istiqāmat / ṣabr
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith

NEW for James. James 1:3-4; 5:11 (ὑπομονή). صبر is rich, genuinely shared devotional vocabulary with Islamic sabr under affliction — an asset, not a liability — but James’s specific causal chain (trial → endurance → completeness, 1:3-4) exceeds generic sabr-teaching and should be unpacked explicitly, not assumed already understood.

Patience Forbearance

Approved rendering: صبر / تحمل
Transliteration: ṣabr / taḥammul
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return

NEW for James. James 5:7-8, 10 (μακροθυμία). Distinct Greek root from steadfastness_endurance but both legitimately rendered with the صبر word-family; the specific eschatological ground (the certain, imminent coming of the Lord) must be taught explicitly, not generalized into vague endurance-teaching.

Perfect Complete

Approved rendering: کامل
Transliteration: kāmil
Doctrine: The Perfecting Work of God

NEW for James. James 1:4, 17, 25; 2:22; 3:2. Maturity/completeness, NOT sinless perfection, a status Islamic theology reserves for prophets (ismah). Keep lexically consistent across all five occurrences in the book; standing clarifying gloss recommended at first occurrence (‘مکمل، بالغ’ — mature/complete).

Wisdom

Approved rendering: حکمت
Transliteration: ḥikmat
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above

NEW for James. James 1:5; 3:13-17. Genuine shared vocabulary with Quranic hikmah, a real point of positive contact; safe but not to be assumed doctrinally identical to this book’s specific ‘wisdom from above vs. earthly/demonic wisdom’ polarity.

Crown Of Life

Approved rendering: زندگی کا تاج
Transliteration: zindagī kā tāj
Doctrine: The Perfecting Work of God

NEW for James. James 1:12. Victor’s wreath, eschatological reward. Connect conceptually (not lexically) to باseline ابدی زندگی so the reward is not read as a separate, merit-earned prize apart from salvation already secured in Christ.

Desire Lust

Approved rendering: خواہش
Transliteration: k͟hwāhish
Doctrine: Trials and the Testing of Faith

NEW for James. James 1:14-15; 4:1-2. Genuine parallel to Islamic نفس (nafs)/desire discourse — a positive point of contact, provided the specifically Sufi nafs-discipline system is not imported unqualified.

Father Of Lights

Approved rendering: نوروں کا باپ
Transliteration: nūrõ kā bāp
Doctrine: The Perfecting Work of God

NEW for James. James 1:17. Reuses باseline باپ (Father); keep distinct from جلال (glory), a separate term carrying different doctrinal weight (Christ’s deity, 2:1).

Firstfruits

Approved rendering: پہلا پھل
Transliteration: pahlā phal
Doctrine: The Perfecting Work of God

NEW for James. James 1:18. Requires OT sacrificial-calendar background footnote; low doctrinal ambiguity beyond that.

Implanted Word

Approved rendering: بویا ہوا کلام
Transliteration: bویā huā kalām
Doctrine: Gospel

NEW for James. James 1:21. Connects to باseline gospel doctrine (خوش خبری): the word to be received is the proclaimed message about Christ, not primarily a claim about a preserved book — same caution as باseline انجیل/tahrif note.

Unstained By The World

Approved rendering: دنیا سے بےداغ
Transliteration: dunyā se be-dāg̱h
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion

NEW for James. James 1:27. Anticipates ch.4’s friendship_with_the_world doctrine; connect conceptually so the two passages read as one coherent teaching.

Favoritism Partiality

Approved rendering: طرفداری
Transliteration: t̤arafdārī
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor

NEW for James. James 2:1, 9. Straightforward social-ethics vocabulary, no significant competing religious association.

Poor Rich

Approved rendering: غریب / دولت مند
Transliteration: g͟harīb / daulat-mand
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor

NEW for James. James 2:2-6; 5:1. Keep register consistent between ch.2 and ch.5 occurrences.

Mercy

Approved rendering: رحمت
Transliteration: raḥmat
Doctrine: Favoritism and the Poor

NEW for James, distinct from باseline فضل (grace). James 2:13; 3:17. A genuine, safe shared Quranic divine-attribute term (al-Rahman, al-Rahim) appropriate for general mercy/compassion between people and from God. Per the baseline’s grace entry, رحمت remains unsuitable as the primary rendering of ‘grace’ specifically, but is correct here.

Friend Of God

Approved rendering: خدا کا دوست
Transliteration: k͟hudā kā dost
Doctrine: Old Testament Exemplars of Faith and Patience

NEW for James. James 2:23. Positive bridge point: Islamic tradition names Ibrahim ‘Khalilullah’ (خلیل اللہ, friend/intimate of Allah, Qur’an 4:125). James’s underlying theological content (credited righteousness by faith, the immediately preceding clause) exceeds the Quranic khalil title alone; comparative note recommended in supporting material, not adjudicated in the base translated text.

Teacher

Approved rendering: استاد / معلم
Transliteration: ustād / mu’allim
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue

NEW for James. James 3:1. Unlike the Galatians paidagōgos-entry caution, James genuinely does describe a weighty teaching office with real authority and accountability, so استاد/معلم’s authority-connotation is appropriate; frame around accountability rather than status alone.

Fire Destructive Speech

Approved rendering: آگ
Transliteration: āg
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue

NEW for James. James 3:5-6. Vivid metaphor for the tongue’s destructive power; keep force intact.

Curse Of People

Approved rendering: لعنت
Transliteration: la’nat
Doctrine: Taming the Tongue

NEW for James, REUSES the baseline’s Critical term لعنت (see curse entry above) but in an entirely different, lower-stakes referent: James 3:9-10’s ordinary human sinful speech cursing another person, NOT God’s judicial curse-verdict on Christ. Flag every occurrence for reviewer awareness so the two doctrinal weights are never conflated.

Peaceable Gentle

Approved rendering: سلامتی پسند / نرم مزاج
Transliteration: salāmatī-pasand / narm mizāj
Doctrine: Wisdom from Above
Rejected alternatives: صلح (reserved for باseline peace_with_god, Romans 5:1)

NEW for James. James 3:17. Use سلامتی (general peaceableness of character) here, NOT صلح — keep the two ‘peace’ registers distinct across this Language Package.

Devil

Approved rendering: شیطان / ابلیس
Transliteration: shait̤ān / iblīs
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare: The Devil and Demons

NEW for James. James 4:7. Genuinely safe shared ground: both traditions affirm a real, personal, adversarial spiritual being (Shaytan/Iblis). Distinct in kind from the demons/jinn caution above — no forbidden substitution needed here.

Purify Hearts Double Minded

Approved rendering: دل پاک کرو، اے دو دلو
Transliteration: dil pāk karo, ai do-dilo
Doctrine: Doubt and Single-Minded Faith

NEW for James, reuses باseline پاک and this book’s دو دلا. James 4:8. Calls back to 1:6-8; consistency-checking is the main concern.

If The Lord Wills

Approved rendering: اگر خداوند چاہے
Transliteration: agar k͟hudāvand chāhe
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty and Human Plans
Rejected alternatives: اگر اللہ نے چاہا (direct Arabic-formula echo, avoided)

NEW for James. James 4:13-16 (4:15). Genuine positive structural parallel to ‘In sha’Allah’ (ان شاء اللہ) — a real bridge for the disposition of dependence on God’s will. Render using باseline خداوند, never اللہ, and avoid phrasing that would sound like a direct quotation of the Arabic devotional formula.

Sin Of Omission

Approved rendering: نیکی جانتے ہوئے نہ کرنا گناہ ہے
Transliteration: nekī jānte hue na karnā gunāh hai
Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty and Human Plans

NEW for James. James 4:17. Reinforces باseline sin doctrine’s individual-accountability dimension; a natural point of contact with, though not identical to, Islamic accountability theology.

Rich Warned

Approved rendering: دولت مند
Transliteration: daulat-mand
Doctrine: Warning to the Rich

NEW for James (reuse of poor_rich vocabulary). James 5:1-6. Social-justice register; keep terminology consistent with ch.1-2.

Withheld Wages

Approved rendering: مزدوروں کی روکی گئی مزدوری
Transliteration: mazdūrõ kī rokī ga’ī mazdūrī
Doctrine: Warning to the Rich

NEW for James. James 5:4. Concrete social-ethics term, no significant competing religious association.

Day Of Slaughter

Approved rendering: ذبح کا دن
Transliteration: z̠abḥ kā din
Doctrine: Warning to the Rich

NEW for James. James 5:5. Vivid eschatological judgment imagery; keep force intact rather than softening to a generic ‘day of reckoning.‘

Patience Until Lords Coming

Approved rendering: صبر / تحمل
Transliteration: ṣabr / taḥammul
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return

NEW for James (same term-family as patience_forbearance). James 5:7-8, 10. The specific reason given — the certain, imminent coming of the Lord — must be kept explicit, not generalized into vague endurance-teaching.

Judge At The Door

Approved rendering: منصف دروازے پر کھڑا ہے
Transliteration: munṣif darwāze par khaṛā hai
Doctrine: Patience and the Lord’s Return

NEW for James. James 5:9. Vivid, low-ambiguity imagery reinforcing the urgency of the coming-judgment warning.

Anoint With Oil

Approved rendering: تیل سے مسح کرنا
Transliteration: tel se masḥ karnā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing

NEW for James. James 5:14. No direct competing Islamic ritual parallel requiring caution; not a sacramental guarantee of healing.

Confess Sins To One Another

Approved rendering: ایک دوسرے کے سامنے اپنے گناہوں کا اقرار کرنا
Transliteration: ek dūsre ke sāmne apne gunāhõ kā iqrār karnā
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration

NEW for James. James 5:16. Must be framed as voluntary, mutual, communal confession among believers, NOT a formal priestly-sacramental absolution rite, and distinguished from Islamic tawbah’s direct-to-God-alone repentance pattern — a genuine point of contrast worth noting, not concealing.

Righteous Persons Prayer

Approved rendering: راست باز آدمی کی دعا
Transliteration: rāstbāz ādmī kī du’ā
Doctrine: Prayer and Healing

NEW for James, reuses the راستباز root in its moral-character sense (a person who lives righteously). James 5:16. Distinct from the forensic-justification sense fixed elsewhere; flag for consistency-checking, as with fruit_of_righteousness.

Cover A Multitude Of Sins

Approved rendering: گناہوں کے ڈھیر کو ڈھانپنا
Transliteration: gunāhõ ke ḏẖer ko ḏẖānpnā
Doctrine: Confession and Restoration

NEW for James. James 5:20. Must not be read as implying the restorer’s own act earns the restored sinner’s forgiveness — a mīzān-adjacent misreading. The covering is God’s gracious response to genuine repentance made possible through loving restoration, not a human merit-transaction.

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: نبی
Transliteration: nabī
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture

INHERITED FROM ROMANS/GALATIANS PACKAGE, UNALTERED. James 5:10: ‘the prophets who spoke in the Lord’s name’ held up as models of suffering endurance alongside Job.

Twelve Tribes Dispersion

Approved rendering: بارہ قبیلے / پراگندگی
Transliteration: bārah qabīle / parāgandagī
Doctrine: Authorship and Address

NEW for James. James 1:1. Original addressees; brief historical footnote on the Jewish diaspora concept recommended for readers unfamiliar with the background.

Orphans And Widows

Approved rendering: یتیم اور بیوہ
Transliteration: yatīm aur bewah
Doctrine: Pure and Undefiled Religion

NEW for James. James 1:27. Genuinely positive shared ground: orphan-care is a major, repeatedly commanded Qur’anic ethical theme, and the Prophet Muhammad’s own biography is framed around orphanhood — an asset for cross-cultural resonance, not a risk.

Rahab

Approved rendering: راحب
Transliteration: rāḥab
Doctrine: Old Testament Exemplars of Faith and Patience

NEW for James. James 2:25. Second witness to James’s faith-and-works pattern; requires Joshua 2/6 narrative background footnote.

Draw Near To God

Approved rendering: خدا کے قریب آؤ
Transliteration: k͟hudā ke qarīb āo
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God

NEW for James. James 4:8. Low-ambiguity, straightforward relational language.

Humble Yourselves

Approved rendering: خود کو عاجز کرو
Transliteration: k͟hud ko ‘ājiz karo
Doctrine: Worldliness versus Friendship with God

NEW for James. James 4:10. عاجزی is also a recognized, positively-regarded Islamic virtue (tawadu’); safe shared ground.

Jobs Patience

Approved rendering: ایوب کا صبر
Transliteration: ayūb kā ṣabr
Doctrine: Old Testament Exemplars of Faith and Patience

NEW for James. James 5:11. Genuine positive shared ground: Job/Ayyub is a named Qur’anic prophet explicitly known for sabr (Qur’an 38:41-44).

Elijahs Prayer

Approved rendering: الیاس کی دعا
Transliteration: ilyās kī du’ā
Doctrine: Old Testament Exemplars of Faith and Patience

NEW for James. James 5:17-18. Genuine positive shared ground: Ilyas is a named Qur’anic prophet (Qur’an 6:85; 37:123-132).

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