Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Galatians (English/Greek → Urdu)
Consolidated glossary table for every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, citing terms from every chapter of Galatians. [baseline] = an established Urdu rendering inherited unchanged from the Romans Language Package (language-packages/urdu/translation_memory.json) and reused exactly. [new] = seeded for the first time in this Galatians package, to be added to assets/translation_memory.json (Wave 4) and the promoted baseline on promotion.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low framework. “Chapters” lists every chapter in which the term is load-bearing.
Part A — Baseline terms reused in Galatians (reuse exactly, do not re-derive)
| English/Greek term | Urdu rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel (εὐαγγέλιον) | خوش خبری | khush khabrī | High | 1, 2 | Distinguish from انجیل alone (tahrif-corruption baggage) |
| grace (χάρις) | فضل | faẓl | High | 1, 2, 5 | Never رحمت in the grace-vs-merit antithesis |
| faith (πίστις) | ایمان | īmān | High | 2, 3, 5 | Object of faith must always be explicit |
| righteousness (δικαιοσύνη) | راستبازی | rāstbāzī | Critical | 2, 3, 5 | Never تقویٰ or نیکی |
| justification (δικαιόω / δικαίωσις) | راستباز ٹھہرایا جانا | rāstbāz ṭhahrāyā jānā | Critical | 2, 3, 5 | Compound phrase mandatory |
| imputed righteousness | منسوب راستبازی | mansūb rāstbāzī | Critical | 3 | Credited, never earned (کمائی ہوئی رد) |
| apostle (ἀπόστολος) | رسول | rasūl | Medium | 1 | Distinguish from Quranic rasūl-as-scripture-bearer paradigm |
| called / calling (κλητός / κλῆσις) | بلایا گیا / بلاہٹ | bulāyā gayā / bulāhaṭ | High | 1 | Never دعوت (da’wah) |
| holy (ἅγιος) | پاک | pāk | High | 1 | Moral/relational, not ritual purity (tahara) |
| sanctification (ἁγιασμός) | تقدیس | taqdīs | High | (background) | Distinct from ritual purification |
| adoption (υἱοθεσία) | لے پالک بنانا | le-pālak banānā | High | 4 | Full son-status; framed relationally, not per Islamic lineage-adoption law |
| resurrection (ἀνάστασις) | قیامت | qiyāmat | Critical | (background) | Always with the “already, ahead of the general resurrection” qualifying note |
| lord (κύριος) | خداوند | khudāvand | Critical | 6 (closing) | Exclusive supreme Lordship |
| son of God (υἱὸς θεοῦ) | خدا کا بیٹا | khudā kā beṭā | Critical | 2, 4 | THE most explosive term in the pipeline; mandatory eternal/relational-not-begetting note every occurrence |
| incarnation | مجسم ہونا | mujassam honā | Critical | 4 | Never اوتار (avatar); teach as a claim Islamic theology explicitly contests |
| law (νόμος) | شریعت | sharī’at | High | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | The single most pervasive term in this book; see Linguistic Gap Analysis for the shared-vocabulary risk this creates uniquely for Galatians |
| sin (ἁμαρτία) | گناہ | gunāh | High | 2, 3 | Narrower Islamic semantic range (no inherited Adamic guilt) must be taught as an additional claim |
| gentiles (ἔθνη) | غیر قوموں | ghair qaumõ | Medium | 2 | NEVER کافر |
| covenant (διαθήκη) | عہد | ahd | High | 3 | Never معاہدہ |
| messiah / christ (Χριστός) | مسیح | masīḥ | Critical | throughout | Shared Quranic title; content behind it goes beyond Quranic Isa al-Masih |
| jesus (Ἰησοῦς) | یسوع | yasū’ | Critical | throughout | Never bare عیسیٰ; always یسوع مسیح |
| god (θεός) | خدا | khudā | Critical | throughout | Never اللہ, per baseline’s Khuda-tradition choice |
| holy spirit (πνεῦμα ἅγιον) | روح القدس | rūḥ al-qudus | Critical | 3, 4, 5 | Mandatory co-equal-divine-Person note; not the angel Jibreel |
| father (πατήρ) | باپ | bāp | Critical | 4 | Personal, relational |
| abba (Ἀββα) | ابّا | abbā | High | 4 | Retained as transliteration |
| israel (Ἰσραήλ) | اسرائیل | isrā’īl | Medium | 6 | Contested referent in 6:16; render literally, do not resolve |
| church (ἐκκλησία) | کلیسیا | kalīsiyā | Medium | 1 | Never مسجد or امت |
| kingdom of God (βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ) | خدا کی بادشاہی | khudā kī bādshāhī | Medium | 5 | Not a caliphate-style political kingdom |
| fellowship (κοινωνία) | رفاقت | rifāqat | Low | 2, 6 | Never امت |
Part B — New terms seeded in this Galatians package
| English/Greek term | Urdu rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Rejected alternatives | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| works of the law (ἔργα νόμου) | شریعت کے اعمال | sharī’at ke a’māl | Critical | 2, 3, 5 | — | اعمال is itself a live Islamic deeds-at-judgment term; must be anchored explicitly to Mosaic Torah-observance, never left as an unqualified “deeds/practice are worthless” |
| crucified with Christ / crucifixion language | مسیح کے ساتھ مصلوب ہو چکا ہوں / صلیب | masīḥ ke sāth maṣlūb ho chukā hū̃ / ṣalīb | Critical | 2 (core), 3, 5, 6 | (never allegorize away the historical event) | Presupposes a crucifixion the Qur’an denies (4:157); single highest-priority escalation item in this package |
| circumcision (περιτομή) | ختنہ | khatnah | Critical | 2, 5, 6 | — | Live, widely practiced Islamic/cultural marker (khatna), not a historical curiosity; distinguish requiring it for justification from the practice itself |
| uncircumcision (ἀκροβυστία) | نامختون | nā-makhtūn | Low | 2, 5, 6 | — | Neutral descriptive counterpart to ختنہ |
| freedom / liberty (ἐλευθερία) | آزادی | āzādī | Critical | 2, 4, 5 | (no rejected term; risk is in framing, not word choice) | Politically resonant in Urdu; must not be heard as freedom-from-Islam or an apostasy summons |
| flesh (σάρξ, moral/technical sense) | جسم | jism | High | 2 (core), 3, 4, 5, 6 | — | Not in the Romans baseline; must not collapse into body-negation asceticism |
| curse (κατάρα / ἐπικατάρατος) | لعنت / ملعون | la’nat / mal’ūn | Critical | 1, 3 | — | Shared Islamic-theology vocabulary (la’nah on Iblis); compounds with crucifixion risk at 3:13 |
| anathema (ἀνάθεμα) | ملعون | mal’ūn | High | 1 | — | God’s judicial verdict, not folk-curse magic |
| promise (ἐπαγγελία) | وعدہ | wa’dah | High | 3, 4 | — | Genuine bridge word (Quranic wa’d); keep unconditional/unilateral sense |
| blessing (εὐλογία) | برکت | barkat | Medium | 3 | — | Widely shared vocabulary; anchor to the Abrahamic covenant specifically |
| redeemed / bought out (ἐξαγοράζω) | چھڑایا / چھٹکارا | chhuṛāyā / chhuṭkārā | High | 3, 4 | فدیہ (as primary term) | Distinct from Islamic fidyah’s compensatory-payment logic |
| seed / offspring (σπέρμα) | نسل | nasl | High | 3 | — | Singular/plural argument (3:16) must survive translation |
| mediator (μεσίτης) | درمیانی | darmiyānī | Medium | 3 | — | Moses’ mediated law-giving vs. the promise’s unmediated gift |
| guardian / paidagōgos (παιδαγωγός) | نگہبان | nigahbān | High | 3 | — | Temporary, custodial office; guard against a permanent-teacher (ustādh/‘ālim) reading |
| heir / inheritance (κληρονόμος / κληρονομία) | وارث | wāris | Medium | 3, 4 | — | Inheritance by grace-promise, never merit |
| elemental principles (τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου) | دنیا کے ابتدائی اصول | dunyā ke ibtidā’ī uṣūl | Medium | 4 | — | Includes ritual-calendar systems; handle Islamic-calendar parallel pastorally |
| slavery / slave (δουλεία / δοῦλος) | غلامی / غلام | ghulāmī / ghulām | Medium | 4, 5 | — | Contrasts with وارث/بیٹا and آزادی; never politicized toward a named community |
| allegory (ἀλληγορούμενα) — Hagar/Sarah narrative | تمثیل | tamsīl | High | 4 | — | Hagar/Ishmael carry major positive significance in Islamic tradition; frame as first-century rhetorical device, not a claim about a people’s spiritual status |
| yoke of slavery (ζυγὸς δουλείας) | غلامی کا جوا | ghulāmī kā juā | Medium | 5 | — | Concrete metaphor; keep tied to the law-system, not a community |
| stumbling-block of the cross (τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ) | صلیب کی ٹھوکر | ṣalīb kī ṭhokar | High | 5 | — | Crucifixion-adjacent; must not be softened |
| works of the flesh — idolatry (εἰδωλολατρία) | بت پرستی | but-parastī | High | 5 | — | Genuine overlap with shirk-condemnation, though definitions differ (see comparative theology) |
| works of the flesh — sorcery (φαρμακεία) | جادوگری | jādūgarī | Medium | 5 | — | Live regional occult practice; descriptive, not sensational |
| fruit of the Spirit (καρπός τοῦ πνεύματος) | روح کا پھل | rūḥ kā phal | High | 5 | — | Singular “fruit”; guard against کر्म-jaisā deeds-merit reading via اعمال-adjacent risk |
| faithfulness (πίστις, in the fruit list) | وفاداری | wafādārī | Medium | 5 | — | Deliberately distinct from ایمان (saving faith) |
| self-control (ἐγκράτεια) | ضبطِ نفس | ẓabt̤-e-nafs | Low | 5 | — | Standard vocabulary |
| law of Christ (ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ) | مسیح کی شریعت | masīḥ kī sharī’at | High | 6 | — | Risk of being heard as a rival competing shari’ah; tie explicitly to the love-command (5:14) |
| sow and reap (σπείρω / θερίζω) | بونا اور کاٹنا | bonā aur kāṭnā | High | 6 | — | Close to the deeds-weighed-at-judgment (mīzān) framework; the personal God, not an impersonal law, is the agent |
| eternal life (ζωὴ αἰώνιος, in 6:8) | ابدی زندگی | abadī zindagī | High | 6 | — | Continuous with نجات/salvation; sourced in the Spirit, not earned by sowing |
| new creation (καινὴ κτίσις) | نئی مخلوق | na’ī makhlūq | High | 6 | — | God’s creative act, not a status change achieved by circumcision or its absence |
| marks of Jesus (τὰ στίγματα) | یسوع کے نشان | yasū’ ke nishān | Medium | 6 | — | Persecution scars, not devotional body-marking |
| boast (καυχάομαι) | فخر | fakhr | Low | 6 | — | Rhetorical; crucifixion-clause is High (see co-crucifixion) |
| zealous / zeal (ζηλωτής) | سرگرم | sargarm | Medium | 1 | — | Sincere devotion that cannot itself justify |
| Judaism (Ἰουδαϊσμός) | یہودیت | yahūdiyat | Low | 1 | — | Descriptive, handle ancestral-tradition zeal sensitively |
| revelation (ἀποκάλυψις) | مکاشفہ | mukāshafah | Medium | 1 | — | Sovereign divine disclosure, not attained Sufi kashf |
| the truth of the gospel (ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου) | خوش خبری کی سچائی | khush khabrī kī sachā’ī | High | 2 | — | Exclusive truth-claim; real social risk in a pluralist milieu |
| a different gospel (ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον) | دوسری خوش خبری جو دراصل خوش خبری ہے ہی نہیں | dūsrī khush khabrī jo dar-aṣl khush khabrī hai hī nahī̃ | Critical | 1 | — | Must state flatly it is no gospel, not a lesser variant |
Coverage Statement
Every chapter of Galatians (1–6) is represented in this glossary. Chapter 1 contributes new terms around gospel-exclusivity, anathema, and apostleship background; chapter 2 contributes the book’s most Urdu-specific new risk (circumcision as a live practice) alongside the core passage’s Critical baseline reuse; chapters 3–4 contribute the promise/law/covenant vocabulary and the Hagar/Ishmael allegory risk unique to this book; chapters 5–6 contribute the highest concentration of new Critical terms (freedom, flesh/Spirit, fruit of the Spirit, sowing/reaping, new creation). No chapter is a silent-reuse chapter; every chapter’s contribution is recorded above or in 07_semantic_analysis.md.
See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full verse-level and chapter-level analysis. See assets/bible_term_registry.json and assets/doctrine_risk_registry.json (Wave 2) for the structured registries built from this glossary.
Critical Risk Terms
A Different Gospel
Approved rendering: دوسری خوش خبری جو دراصل خوش خبری ہے ہی نہیں
Transliteration: dūsrī khush khabrī jo dar-aṣl khush khabrī hai hī nahī̃
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: ایک اور خوش خبری, ایک مختلف تعلیم
Original: ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 1:6-9. Must state flatly the counterfeit is no gospel at all, not a lesser variant; softening destroys the book’s thesis.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: راستبازی
Transliteration: rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: نیکی, تقویٰ
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
inherited from Romans, unchanged. تقویٰ absolutely forbidden throughout Galatians 2:16-3:24.
Justification
Approved rendering: راستباز ٹھہرایا جانا
Transliteration: rāstbāz ṭhahrāyā jānā
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: معافی پانا
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Book’s central thesis term, Galatians 2:16, 21; 3:6-11, 24; 5:4-5.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: منسوب راستبازی
Transliteration: mansūb rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: کمائی ہوئی راستبازی
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 3:6 citing Genesis 15:6; must match Romans 4:3’s rendering verbatim.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: قیامت
Transliteration: qiyāmat
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: پنر جنم
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Background doctrine; always with the ‘already, ahead of the general resurrection’ qualifying note.
Lord
Approved rendering: خداوند
Transliteration: khudāvand
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالک, آقا
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 6:18 closing benediction.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: خدا کا بیٹا
Transliteration: khudā kā beṭā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: ابن اللہ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
inherited from Romans, unchanged. THE single most explosive term in this package. Galatians 2:20, 4:4-6. Mandatory eternal/relational-not-begetting note every occurrence.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: مجسم ہونا
Transliteration: mujassam honā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: اوتار
Original: ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, γενόμενον ἐκ γυναικός
Category: Christology
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 4:4. Never اوتار; note partial overlap with Qur’an’s affirmation of the virgin birth (19:16-22), which must not be allowed to imply agreement on the eternal Son’s nature.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: شریعت کے اعمال
Transliteration: sharī’at ke a’māl
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: اعمال (bare, unqualified), نیک اعمال
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10; 5:4. CRITICAL: اعمال is a live Islamic deeds-at-judgment term (mizan); must always appear as the full compound anchored to Mosaic Torah-observance, never bare, to avoid broadening into a general ‘deeds are worthless’ claim.
Curse
Approved rendering: لعنت
Transliteration: la’nat
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: κατάρα / ἐπικατάρατος
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 3:10, 13. Shared Islamic-theology vocabulary (la’nah on Iblis); compounds with crucifixion-denial risk at 3:13 where Christ becomes the curse.
Freedom
Approved rendering: آزادی
Transliteration: āzādī
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 2:4; 4:26, 31; 5:1, 13. CRITICAL: politically resonant vocabulary in Urdu; must never be heard as freedom from Islam or an apostasy summons. No rejected alternative term exists — risk is in framing, not word choice.
Cross Crucifixion
Approved rendering: صلیب / مصلوب
Transliteration: ṣalīb / maṣlūb
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: σταυρός / συσταυρόω
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians (extending the Romans baseline’s general crucifixion-flagging rule with a Galatians-specific personal-identity dimension). Galatians 2:19-20; 3:1, 13; 5:11, 24; 6:12, 14, 17. CRITICAL, highest-priority escalation item in this package: presupposes a historical crucifixion the Qur’an denies (4:157). Never allegorize away the historical event.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: ختنہ
Transliteration: khatnah
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. CRITICAL and unique to this book: khatna is a currently, widely practiced Islamic sunnah, not a historical curiosity. Galatians 2:3-5, 7-9, 12; 5:2-6, 11; 6:12-15. Distinguish requiring circumcision for justification from the practice itself. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Jesus
Approved rendering: یسوع
Transliteration: yasū’
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Always یسوع مسیح, never bare عیسیٰ.
God
Approved rendering: خدا
Transliteration: khudā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: اللہ
inherited from Romans, unchanged.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: روح القدس
Transliteration: rūḥ al-qudus
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 3:3, 5, 14; 4:6, 29; 5:16-25; 6:8. Never the angel Jibreel; mandatory co-equal-divine-Person note.
Father
Approved rendering: باپ
Transliteration: bāp
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 4:6.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: masīḥ
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Throughout Galatians; shared Quranic title, content behind it goes beyond Quranic Isa al-Masih.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: خوش خبری
Transliteration: khush khabrī
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: انجیل شریف کی تعلیم
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Distinguish from انجیل used alone (tahrif-corruption baggage).
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: faẓl
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: رحمت, احسان, کرم
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Never رحمت in the grace-vs-merit antithesis (Galatians 2:21, 5:4).
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: īmān
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Object of faith must always be explicit (e.g. یسوع مسیح پر ایمان), dense usage in Galatians 2:16, 3:2-9.
Called
Approved rendering: بلایا گیا
Transliteration: bulāyā gayā
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: دعوت دی گئی
Original: κλητός / καλέσας
Category: Salvation
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 1:15, Paul’s sovereign calling from the womb.
Calling
Approved rendering: بلاہٹ
Transliteration: bulāhaṭ
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: دعوت
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
inherited from Romans, unchanged.
Holy
Approved rendering: پاک
Transliteration: pāk
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: طاہر
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
inherited from Romans, unchanged.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: تقدیس
Transliteration: taqdīs
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: پاکیزگی
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Background doctrine informing Galatians 5’s Spirit-empowered living.
Adoption
Approved rendering: لے پالک بنانا
Transliteration: le-pālak banānā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 4:5; framed relationally, not per Islamic lineage-adoption law (Qur’an 33:4-5).
Law
Approved rendering: شریعت
Transliteration: sharī’at
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: توریت (as primary; may be preferred at first occurrence per chapter for Mosaic-specificity)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Pervasive throughout Galatians 2-6. Prefer توریت or explicit qualification (موسیٰ کی شریعت) at first occurrence per document to keep Mosaic-specificity clear against شریعت’s broader Islamic sense.
Sin
Approved rendering: گناہ
Transliteration: gunāh
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 2:15-17; 3:22.
Covenant
Approved rendering: عہد
Transliteration: ahd
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: معاہدہ
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 3:15, 17; 4:24. Genuine bridge word (Qur’an 7:172).
Promise
Approved rendering: وعدہ
Transliteration: wa’dah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: وعدہ مشروط (conditional framing)
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 3:14-22; 4:23, 28. Genuine bridge word (Quranic wa’d); keep unconditional, God-initiated sense.
Anathema
Approved rendering: ملعون
Transliteration: mal’ūn
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Church
New for Galatians. Galatians 1:8-9. God’s judicial verdict, not folk-curse magic.
Redemption
Approved rendering: چھڑایا / چھٹکارا
Transliteration: chhuṛāyā / chhuṭkārā
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: فدیہ
Original: ἐξαγοράζω
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 3:13; 4:5. Distinct from Islamic fidyah’s compensatory-payment logic.
Seed Offspring
Approved rendering: نسل
Transliteration: nasl
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 3:16, 19, 29. Singular/plural argument (3:16) must survive translation.
Guardian Paidagogos
Approved rendering: نگہبان
Transliteration: nigahbān
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: استاد (as primary; risks permanent-teacher reading)
Original: παιδαγωγός
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 3:24-25. Temporary, custodial, expiring office; guard against ustadh/‘alim permanent-teacher-authority reading.
Allegory Hagar Sarah
Approved rendering: تمثیل
Transliteration: tamsīl
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: ἀλληγορούμενα
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 4:21-31. Hagar/Ishmael carry major positive significance in Islamic tradition; frame explicitly as first-century rhetorical device, never a claim about a people’s spiritual status. Mandatory theologian review.
Stumbling Block Of The Cross
Approved rendering: صلیب کی ٹھوکر
Transliteration: ṣalīb kī ṭhokar
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: τὸ σκάνδαλον τοῦ σταυροῦ
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 5:11. Crucifixion-adjacent; must not be softened.
Flesh
Approved rendering: جسم
Transliteration: jism
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: نفس (risks importing the Sufi nafs-discipline system)
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
New for Galatians; NOT present in the Romans baseline TM, a gap flagged for promotion-time reconciliation with any future Romans 7-8 work. Galatians 3:3; 4:23, 29; 5:13-24; 6:8. Must not collapse into body-negation asceticism.
Works Of The Flesh Idolatry
Approved rendering: بت پرستی
Transliteration: but-parastī
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sin
New for Galatians. Galatians 5:20. Genuine overlap with shirk-condemnation, though definitions differ (Trinity/Sonship classified as shirk in Islamic theology).
Fruit Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: روح کا پھل
Transliteration: rūḥ kā phal
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: روح کے پھل (plural, rejected — must be singular)
Original: ὁ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
New for Galatians. Galatians 5:22-23. Singular ‘fruit’; guard against a deeds-merit reading via the works-of-the-law/mizan-adjacent risk.
Law Of Christ
Approved rendering: مسیح کی شریعت
Transliteration: masīḥ kī sharī’at
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 6:2. Risk of being heard as a rival, competing shari’ah; tie explicitly to the love-command (5:14).
Sow And Reap
Approved rendering: بونا اور کاٹنا
Transliteration: bonā aur kāṭnā
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Eschatology
New for Galatians. Galatians 6:7-8. Close to the deeds-weighed-at-judgment (mizan) framework; the personal God, not an impersonal law, is the harvest’s agent.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ابدی زندگی
Transliteration: abadī zindagī
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New for Galatians. Galatians 6:8. Must be taught in continuity with the نجات (salvation) framework, not as a separate reward earned by sowing.
New Creation
Approved rendering: نئی مخلوق
Transliteration: na’ī makhlūq
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 6:15. Anchor to خدا as Creator-agent; not a status change achieved by circumcision or its absence.
The Truth Of The Gospel
Approved rendering: خوش خبری کی سچائی
Transliteration: khush khabrī kī sachā’ī
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 2:5, 14. Exclusive truth-claim; real social risk in a pluralist milieu.
Abba
Approved rendering: ابّا
Transliteration: abbā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 4:6, identical cry to Romans 8:15; render identically.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasūl
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: نبی
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 1:1; preserve the double negation (not from men, not through man).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: غیر قوموں
Transliteration: ghair qaumõ
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: کافر
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
inherited from Romans, unchanged. NEVER کافر. Galatians 2:15.
Blessing
Approved rendering: برکت
Transliteration: barkat
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: εὐλογία
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 3:8-9, 14. Anchor specifically to the Abrahamic covenant-blessing reaching the Gentiles.
Mediator
Approved rendering: درمیانی
Transliteration: darmiyānī
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 3:19-20, Moses at Sinai.
Heir Inheritance
Approved rendering: وارث
Transliteration: wāris
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: κληρονόμος / κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 3:29; 4:1, 7. Inheritance by grace-promise, never merit.
Elemental Principles
Approved rendering: دنیا کے ابتدائی اصول
Transliteration: dunyā ke ibtidā’ī uṣūl
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 4:3, 9-10. Includes ritual-calendar systems; handle Islamic-calendar parallel (Ramadan, prayer times, Hajj) pastorally.
Slavery
Approved rendering: غلامی / غلام
Transliteration: ghulāmī / ghulām
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: δουλεία / δοῦλος
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 4:1-9; 5:1. Never politicized toward a named living community.
Yoke Of Slavery
Approved rendering: غلامی کا جوا
Transliteration: ghulāmī kā juā
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ζυγὸς δουλείας
Category: Salvation
New for Galatians. Galatians 5:1.
Works Of The Flesh Sorcery
Approved rendering: جادوگری
Transliteration: jādūgarī
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: φαρμακεία
Category: Sin
New for Galatians. Galatians 5:20. Live regional occult practice; handle descriptively.
Faithfulness Fruit Sense
Approved rendering: وفاداری
Transliteration: wafādārī
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: ایمان (rejected in this specific list — would collide with saving faith)
New for Galatians. Galatians 5:22, pistis-as-character-trait in the fruit list, deliberately distinct from ایمان (saving faith).
Marks Of Jesus
Approved rendering: یسوع کے نشان
Transliteration: yasū’ ke nishān
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Church
New for Galatians. Galatians 6:17. Persecution scars, not devotional body-marking.
Zeal
Approved rendering: سرگرم
Transliteration: sargarm
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: ζηλωτής
Category: Faith
New for Galatians. Galatians 1:14.
Revelation
Approved rendering: مکاشفہ
Transliteration: mukāshafah
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Faith
New for Galatians. Galatians 1:12, 16. Sovereign divine act, not attained Sufi kashf.
Abraham
Approved rendering: ابراہام
Transliteration: ibrāhām
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: ابراہیم (the Quranic form; retained per the Romans baseline’s own transliteration table choice for Christian Urdu Bible tradition consistency)
Original: Ἀβραάμ
Category: Covenant
inherited from Romans transliteration table, unchanged. Galatians 3:6-9, 14-18, 29. Note the Qur’an’s parallel but distinct ‘first muslim’ claim (Qur’an 3:67); teach on Pauline terms without appearing to concede or rebut in the base text.
Hagar
Approved rendering: ہاجرہ
Transliteration: hājirah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
New for Galatians. Galatians 4:24-25. See allegory_hagar_sarah entry for full risk framing.
Israel
Approved rendering: اسرائیل
Transliteration: isrā’īl
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 6:16, ‘the Israel of God’ — contested referent, render literally, do not resolve in text.
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسیا
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Rejected alternatives: مسجد, امت
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 1:2, 13, 22.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: خدا کی بادشاہی
Transliteration: khudā kī bādshāhī
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 5:21.
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: ریاکاری
Transliteration: riyākārī
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
New for Galatians. Galatians 2:13, Peter’s table-withdrawal.
Low Risk Terms
Self Control
Approved rendering: ضبطِ نفس
Transliteration: ẓabt̤-e-nafs
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
New for Galatians. Galatians 5:23.
Uncircumcision
Approved rendering: نامختون
Transliteration: nā-makhtūn
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: ἀκροβυστία
Category: Covenant
New for Galatians. Galatians 2:7; 5:6; 6:15.
Sarah
Approved rendering: سارہ
Transliteration: sārah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
New for Galatians. Galatians 4:22-31.
Isaac
Approved rendering: اضحاق
Transliteration: iẓḥāq
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
New for Galatians. Galatians 4:28.
Sinai
Approved rendering: سینا
Transliteration: sīnā
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
New for Galatians. Galatians 4:24-25.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: رفاقت
Transliteration: rifāqat
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Rejected alternatives: امت
inherited from Romans, unchanged. Galatians 2:9; 6:10.
Judaism
Approved rendering: یہودیت
Transliteration: yahūdiyat
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
New for Galatians. Galatians 1:13-14.
Referenced passages